16 Strategies Against External Threats to Spanish Sovereignty in a Colonial Territory: the Case of the Philippines in the 19th Century 366

2019 ◽  
pp. 366-400
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
External Threats ◽  
The 19Th Century

Validation of Calciphilopteris wallichii and lectotype designation for closely related C. ludens (Cheilanthoideae, Pteridaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 303 (1) ◽  
pp. 89
Author(s):  
ALEXEY P. SEREGIN
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Flowering Plants ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Plant Nomenclature

The Moscow University Herbarium holds a nearly complete set of Hugh Cuming’s specimens collected in 1836–1840 in the Philippines (Seregin 2011). Due to a large number of duplicates, Cuming’s specimens played a vital role in the stability of the Malesian plant nomenclature in the 19th century. Bobrov & Gubanov (1979) carefully separated all of the pteridophytes from the Cuming collections at MW and LE and revealed many fern types. Later, Seregin (2011) studied vast collections of flowering plants and cited 420 type specimens of 395 taxa.

USA and Empire in the 19th Century

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christa Dierksheide
Keyword(s):  
British Empire ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Continental Scale ◽  
Land Mass ◽  
Human Cost ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
American Nation

During the course of the 19th century, the United States forged an empire on a continental scale and also made significant territorial gains overseas. While it had taken the British Empire a little over two centuries to settle the swath of land stretching between the Appalachian Mountains and the Atlantic Ocean, the fledgling postcolonial American nation managed to colonize a land mass several times larger in a fraction of the time. But all this expansion came at an enormous human cost, resulting in the death or removal of countless native peoples, the enslavement of millions of African Americans, and sectional tensions that led to the American Civil War. During the latter part of the century, Americans began pursuing an imperial project beyond the continent, waging war or initiating annexation projects in Santo Domingo, Cuba, Hawaii, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines. The sources collected here reflect the dynamism, contingency, and tragedy of American colonization efforts between 1776 and 1900.

scholarly journals Why is Spanish not used as an interlanguage in the Phillipines?

2019 ◽  
pp. 88-102
Author(s):  
Félix Manuel Jiménez Lobo
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Colonial Period ◽  
Spanish Empire ◽  
Official Language ◽  
Colonial Power ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Spanish Colonies ◽  
The 19Th Century

This article examines the reasons for the disappearance of Spanish as an interlanguage in the Philippines (both as an official language and as a means of communication between speakers of different languages) after the change of colonial power at the end of the 19th century. First, the author explains the geographic, ethno-linguistic and historical context of the country, summarizes the evolution of Spanish in the Philippines from the beginning of the Spanish colonial period until the present day with special attention being given to the appearance of the creole Chavacano, and presents the traditional explanations for the disappearance of the language. Later he compares the evolution of Spanish in the Philippines with other former Spanish colonies. He concludes that Spanish disappeared through a combination of unique historical circumstances which did not occur in other territories of the former Spanish Empire.

scholarly journals Anna Semper (1826–1909) and the female scientist in modern Germany

2020 ◽  
Vol 19 ◽  
pp. 261-285
Author(s):  
Nathaniel Parker Weston
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Female Scientist ◽  
Professional Career ◽  
Modern Germany ◽  
Spanish Colonies ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Colonial Science

This article uses the work of Anna Semper (1826–1909) to explore the possibilities for understanding women’s contributions to the development of science in Germany from the second half of the 19th century to the beginning of the 20th century. By examining the publications of her husband, the naturalist Carl Semper (1832–1893), as well as those of other scholars, traces of the ways that she produced scientific knowledge begin to emerge. Because the Sempers’ work took place in the context of the Philippines and Palau, two different Spanish colonies, and formed the basis of Carl’s professional career, this article also analyzes Anna’s role in the creation of an explicitly colonial science.

scholarly journals PECULARITIES OF THE OSSETIAN NATIONAL IDENTITY

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
А.Л. Чибиров
Keyword(s):  
National Identity ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
National Unity ◽  
South Ossetia ◽  
External Threats ◽  
Unity Of Language ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
North And South

Единство языка, культуры и традиций было важным фактором, объединяющим разрозненные осетинские сообщества, расположенные как на территории Северной и Южной Осетии, так и на сопредельных территориях. Одной из особенностей осетин как этноса является то, что, согласно сведени- ям В.Ф. Миллера, в XIX в. у них не было единого самоназвания. Это же отмечала и Н.Г. Волкова, которая утверждала, что в своей собственной среде осетины четко различают две группы: иронцев и дигорцев. Она же считала, что общее название для всей территории Осетии в осетинском языке отсутствует. Осе- тины почувствовали себя единой нацией впервые за долгое время в конце 80-х – начале 90-х годов двадцатого века под воздействием внешних угроз. The unity of language, culture and traditions was an important factor in bringing together separate Ossetian communities located in the territory of both North and South Ossetia, as well as in the neighbouring territories. One of the characteristics of the Ossetians, as an ethnos, is that they have no common name, according to V.F. Miller in the 19th century. The same was noted by N.G. Volkova, who claimed that the Ossetians in their own environment are clearly distinguished into two groups: the Irons and Digors. She also considered the Ossetic language lacked a common name for the whole territory of Ossetia. The Ossetians felt national unity for the fi rst time in many years in late 1980s and early 1990s, being under the infl uence of external threats.

scholarly journals La construcción de la real armada en filipinas. Marinos españoles en Manila en la segunda mitad del Siglo XVIII = Constructing the Spanish Royal Navy in the Philippines. Navy Officers in Manila during the Second Half of the Eighteenth Century

2019 ◽  
pp. 161
Author(s):  
María Baudot Monroy
Keyword(s):  
Eighteenth Century ◽  
19Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Royal Navy ◽  
Administrative Reforms ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
And Control ◽  
The 19Th Century

La implantación de las reformas administrativas para controlar y rentabilizar el Imperio, promovidas por la Corona española para las Filipinas durante el siglo XVIII, se realizó con muchas dificultades y retrasos, debido a le férrea oposición de la oligarquía manilense a perder privilegios, el control de las instituciones y la gestión del Galeón de Manila, principal fuente de ingresos de la colonia. Este trabajo trata sobre la construcción de la Real Armada en Filipinas, cuya implantación y desarrollo no fue posible hasta que se encomendó a marinos del Cuerpo General de la Armada a partir de la segunda mitad del siglo XVIII. El esfuerzo de estos hombres sentó las bases para que la Armada contribuyera a la conservación de las Filipinas durante el siglo XIX.mada contribuyera a la conservación de las Filipinas durante el siglo XIX.     AbstractThe implementation of administrative reforms to control and make profitable the Empire, promoted by the Spanish Crown in the Philippines, were carried out with many difficulties and delays due to the strong opposition of the Manila oligarchy who were afraid to lose their privileges and control of the institutions. Especially that of the Manila Galleon, the main source of income for the colony. These article deals with the construction of the Royal Navy, whose implantation and development was not possible until it was entrusted to officers of the Navy from the second half of the 18th century. The effort of these men laid the foundations for the Navy to contribute to the conservation of the Philippines during the 19th century.

scholarly journals La colección histórica de rocas de Filipinas del Museo Geominero (Instituto Geológico y Minero de España, Madrid)

2019 ◽  
pp. 141-150 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabel Rábano ◽  
Ruth González-Laguna ◽  
Mª José Torres-Matilla
Keyword(s):  
19Th Century ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
Geological Survey ◽  
Spanish Colonial ◽  
Geological Map ◽  
Siglo Xix ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Colonial Government ◽  
The 19Th Century

Resumen Se presenta una colección de 361 rocas de las islas Filipinas, conservada en el Museo Geominero del Instituto Geológico y Minero de España. Fue formada en la segunda mitad del siglo XIX por ingenieros destinados en la Inspección General de Minas de aquel archipiélago. La Comisión del Mapa Geológico de España ejerció, a partir de 1876 y hasta el abandono de la colonia en 1898, la supervisión de la realización del mapa geológico de las islas. Ello obligó a enviar a la metrópoli las colecciones de rocas, minerales y fósiles que acompañaban a las memorias geológicas correspondientes. Se trata de la única colección histórica de rocas filipinas conservada en museos españoles. Abstract A collection of 361 rocks from the Philippine Islands, housed in the Geominero Museum of the Geological Survey of Spain, is presented. It was set up in the second half of the 19th century by engineers of the Bureau of Mines of the Spanish colonial government. The Commission of the Geological Map of Spain supervised the geological mappping works in the Philippines from 1876 until the loss of the colony in 1898. This forced to send to the metropolis the collections of rocks, minerals and fossils that accompanied the corresponding geological memories. It is the only historical collection of Philippine rocks preserved in Spanish museums.

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