Language Contact, Lexical Borrowing, and Semantic Fields

2000 ◽  
pp. 73-86
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Semantic Fields

‘Pignoris arrabonisve nomine’ in TPSulp. 51 (TPN 43) A case of diglossia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
Barbara Abatino
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
Model Contract ◽  
Lexical Interference

Despite the fact that the term arrabo has not been attested by legal sources as nomen iuris or as a technical term, the syntagm ‘pignoris arrabonisve nomine’ occurs in a chirograph documented by TPSulp. 51, from the age of Tiberius. This article shows, first, that the loans model contract of the TPSulp. 51 contained the hendiadys ‘pignus arrabove’ to denote the pledge. Second, it concludes that the mention of arrabo is related to precautionary reasons and that it may be explained by the use of a colloquial term introduced in Latin language by way of Greek lexical borrowing. Finally, this implies some considerations on language contact, lexical interference and integration of loan-words in Latin.

When the Construction Is Axla, Everything Is Axla: A Case of Combined Lexical and Structural Borrowing from Arabic to Hebrew

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roey J. Gafter ◽  
Uri Horesh
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Contact Situation

This article examines a borrowing from Arabic into Hebrew, which is a combination of a lexical borrowing and a structural one. The Arabic superlativeaħla‘sweetest, most beautiful,’ pronounced by most Modern Hebrew speakers [axla], has shifted semantically to mean ‘great, awesome.’ Yet, as our corpus-based study illustrates, it was borrowed into Hebrew—for the most part—with a very particular syntactic structure that, in Arabic, denotes the superlative. In Arabic itself,aħlamay also denote a comparative adjective, though in different syntactic structures. We discuss the significance of this borrowing and the manner in which it is borrowed both to the specific contact situation between Arabic and Hebrew and to the theory of language contact in general.

scholarly journals Code-switching and dialogism: Verbal practices among Catalan Jews in the Middle Ages

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN A. ARGENTER
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Everyday Talk

From a strict linguistic viewpoint, code-switching intertwines with a diverse range of language contact phenomena, from strict interference to several kinds of language mixture. Code-switching has also been addressed as an interactional phenomenon in everyday talk, an approach that implies a synchronic perspective. In this article, however, data are drawn from the records of communicative practices left behind by Catalan Jewish communities of the 14th and 15th centuries. These communities lived under well-defined cultural, political, and social conditions and displayed a rather complex linguistic repertoire of both linguistic resources and verbal genres. I analyze two of these verbal genres, which themselves must be viewed in the context of a broader Hispano-Arabic cultural tradition; they draw on a heteroglot background in which Semitic and Romance languages merged. In this analysis of the functions that code-switching played in these verbal practices, a contrast emerges between the use of code-switching and lexical borrowing (or alternation vs. insertional types of code-switching) in both verbal genres. This has implications for a much debated issue – the alleged existence of a medieval Catalan Jewish language – and challenges the idea that forms of linguistic practice must always be reduced to a bounded code.

Dame un hamburger plain con ketchup y papitas

English Today ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Cortés ◽  
Jesús Ramírez ◽  
María Rivera ◽  
Marta Viada ◽  
Joan Fayer
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

English/Spanish contact in Puerto Rico.ONE OUTCOME of language contact is lexical borrowing. Borrowing in Puerto Rico (for political, economic, and social reasons) is evident in the influence English has had on Spanish, especially in lexical terms. This paper explores the impact of American English on the lexicon of Puerto Rican Spanish, specifically on vocabulary relating to food. Data were collected through participant observation in selected fast food restaurants from different regions in P.R. An analysis of the corpus provides the basis for five categories useful in understanding the influence of English on Spanish in this domain. The study indicates that English borrowings have had a tremendous influence on the Puerto Rican lexicon, and predicts that, even though Spanish will continue to be the dominant Puerto Rican language, it will continue to change under the influence of English.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE CONTACT: LEXICAL BORROWING IN SPEECH OF THE RUSSIAN GERMANS OF THE KIROV REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (SEPT) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna BAYKOVA ◽  
Galina Vasilyevna PORCHESKU ◽  
Vyacheslav Nikolayevich ONOSHKO ◽  
Irina Sergeevna SHISHKINA ◽  
Olga Vitalyevna SKURIKHINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Russian Germans

Native American Signed Languages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Davis
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Northern Cheyenne ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Indian Sign Language

This chapter highlights the linguistic study of Native American signed language varieties, which are broadly referred to as American Indian Sign Language (AISL). It describes how indigenous sign language serves as an alternative to spoken language, how it is acquired as a first or second language, and how it is used both among deaf and hearing tribal members and internationally as a type of signed lingua franca. It discusses the first fieldwork carried out in over fifty years to focus on the linguistic status of AISL, which is considered an endangered language variety but is still used and learned natively by some members of various Indian nations across Canada and the United States (e.g. Assiniboine, Blackfeet/Blackfoot, Cherokee, Crow, Northern Cheyenne, Nakoda/Lakȟóta, and Mandan-Hidatsa). The chapter also addresses questions of language contact and spread, including code-switching and lexical borrowing, as well as historical linguistic questions.

scholarly journals Language-Specific Transitivities in Contact: The Case of Coptic

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115
Author(s):  
Eitan Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Differential Object Marking ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
P Domain ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
Object Indexing

This paper sketches the integration of Greek-origin loan verbs into the valency and transitivity patterns of Coptic (Afroasiatic, Egypt), arguing that transitivities are language-specific descriptive categories, and the comparison of donor-language transitivity with target-language transitivity reveals fine-grained degrees of loan-verb integration. Based on a comparison of Coptic Transitivity and Greek Transitivity, it is shown that Greek-origin loanwords are only partially integrated into the transitivity patterns of Coptic. Specifically, while Greek-origin loan verbs have the same coding properties as native verbs in terms of the A domain, i.e., Differential Subject Marking (dsm), they differ in important respects in terms of the P domain, i.e., Differential Object Marking (dom) and Differential Object Indexing (doi). A main result of this study is that language contact – specifically, massive lexical borrowing – can induce significant transitivity splits in a language’s lexicon and grammar. Furthermore, the findings of this study cast doubt on the usefulness of an overarching cross-linguistic category of transitivity.

Languages and Sociolinguistics of the Caucasus

2021 ◽  
pp. 25-66
Author(s):  
Nina Dobrushina ◽  
Michael Daniel ◽  
Yuri Koryakov
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Lingua Franca ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
The Caucasus ◽  
Writing Practices ◽  
Official Sources ◽  
Official Status

This chapter provides a sociolinguistic account of the languages of the Caucasus, including figures for speakers and their geographical distribution, language vitality, the official status of the languages, orthography, and writing practices. The chapter discusses language repertoires typical of different areas in the Caucasus, and their change over the 20th century. As a showcase, it provides an overview of traditional multilingualism in Daghestan, the most linguistically dense are in the Caucasus. It discusses various patterns of interethnic communication, including lingua franca and asymmetrical bilingualism. We show that bilingualism was gendered, and how Russian was spreading in the area as a new lingua franca. The chapter surveys the outcomes of language contact, covering both lexical borrowing (including main references to etymological research) and providing examples of structural convergence, with a special focus on the area of the highest language density in the Caucasus, Dagestan. Data in the chapter are based both on official sources (censuses), on information provided by experts and on the authors’ own work in the field.

The principle of morphosyntactic subsystem integrity in language contact

Diachronica ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 471-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Seifart
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Grammatical Morphemes ◽  
Noun Class

This paper describes a case of non-lexical borrowing in the Northwest Amazonian language Resígaro (Arawakan), which has borrowed from the unrelated Bora language entire paradigms of noun class, gender, and number markers, as well as associated bound grammatical roots, while all other morphosyntactic subsystems of Resígaro are virtually unaffected. To account for this case of massive morphological borrowing (and others that have previously been described), this paper proposes the Principle of Morphosyntactic Subsystem Integrity (PMSI), which predicts that in situations where various grammatical morphemes are borrowed, these tend to be morphosyntactically interrelated, rather than being random collections of forms or sets of forms that are best described by well-known borrowability hierarchies, e.g. lexical before grammatical morphemes or derivational before inflectional markers.

scholarly journals ENGLISH BORROWINGS AND SCALE OF BORROWABILITY IN VIETNAMESE MAGAZINES

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thuy Nga
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
English Word ◽  
Lexical Borrowing

When two or more languages are in contact, it is impossible for them to remain completely discrete from each other and the most frequently encountered product of language contact is lexical borrowing. This paper reviews the background of lexical borrowing in Vietnamese context and investigates the scale of borrowability of English tokens that occured in magazine issues. The findings show that the syntactic system of the Vietnamese language has influenced how English word types are borrowed.

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