‘Pignoris arrabonisve nomine’ in TPSulp. 51 (TPN 43) A case of diglossia?

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 311-328
Author(s):  
Barbara Abatino
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
Latin Language ◽  
Model Contract ◽  
Lexical Interference

Despite the fact that the term arrabo has not been attested by legal sources as nomen iuris or as a technical term, the syntagm ‘pignoris arrabonisve nomine’ occurs in a chirograph documented by TPSulp. 51, from the age of Tiberius. This article shows, first, that the loans model contract of the TPSulp. 51 contained the hendiadys ‘pignus arrabove’ to denote the pledge. Second, it concludes that the mention of arrabo is related to precautionary reasons and that it may be explained by the use of a colloquial term introduced in Latin language by way of Greek lexical borrowing. Finally, this implies some considerations on language contact, lexical interference and integration of loan-words in Latin.

When the Construction Is Axla, Everything Is Axla: A Case of Combined Lexical and Structural Borrowing from Arabic to Hebrew

2015 ◽  
Vol 3 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 337-348 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roey J. Gafter ◽  
Uri Horesh
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Syntactic Structure ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Modern Hebrew ◽  
Specific Contact ◽  
Theory Of Language ◽  
Contact Situation

This article examines a borrowing from Arabic into Hebrew, which is a combination of a lexical borrowing and a structural one. The Arabic superlativeaħla‘sweetest, most beautiful,’ pronounced by most Modern Hebrew speakers [axla], has shifted semantically to mean ‘great, awesome.’ Yet, as our corpus-based study illustrates, it was borrowed into Hebrew—for the most part—with a very particular syntactic structure that, in Arabic, denotes the superlative. In Arabic itself,aħlamay also denote a comparative adjective, though in different syntactic structures. We discuss the significance of this borrowing and the manner in which it is borrowed both to the specific contact situation between Arabic and Hebrew and to the theory of language contact in general.

scholarly journals Code-switching and dialogism: Verbal practices among Catalan Jews in the Middle Ages

2001 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 377-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOAN A. ARGENTER
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ages ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Code Switching ◽  
Cultural Tradition ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Diverse Range ◽  
Communicative Practices ◽  
Linguistic Resources ◽  
Left Behind ◽  
Everyday Talk

From a strict linguistic viewpoint, code-switching intertwines with a diverse range of language contact phenomena, from strict interference to several kinds of language mixture. Code-switching has also been addressed as an interactional phenomenon in everyday talk, an approach that implies a synchronic perspective. In this article, however, data are drawn from the records of communicative practices left behind by Catalan Jewish communities of the 14th and 15th centuries. These communities lived under well-defined cultural, political, and social conditions and displayed a rather complex linguistic repertoire of both linguistic resources and verbal genres. I analyze two of these verbal genres, which themselves must be viewed in the context of a broader Hispano-Arabic cultural tradition; they draw on a heteroglot background in which Semitic and Romance languages merged. In this analysis of the functions that code-switching played in these verbal practices, a contrast emerges between the use of code-switching and lexical borrowing (or alternation vs. insertional types of code-switching) in both verbal genres. This has implications for a much debated issue – the alleged existence of a medieval Catalan Jewish language – and challenges the idea that forms of linguistic practice must always be reduced to a bounded code.

Dame un hamburger plain con ketchup y papitas

English Today ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ileana Cortés ◽  
Jesús Ramírez ◽  
María Rivera ◽  
Marta Viada ◽  
Joan Fayer
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Puerto Rican ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Puerto Rican Spanish ◽  
Fast Food Restaurants ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Impact

English/Spanish contact in Puerto Rico.ONE OUTCOME of language contact is lexical borrowing. Borrowing in Puerto Rico (for political, economic, and social reasons) is evident in the influence English has had on Spanish, especially in lexical terms. This paper explores the impact of American English on the lexicon of Puerto Rican Spanish, specifically on vocabulary relating to food. Data were collected through participant observation in selected fast food restaurants from different regions in P.R. An analysis of the corpus provides the basis for five categories useful in understanding the influence of English on Spanish in this domain. The study indicates that English borrowings have had a tremendous influence on the Puerto Rican lexicon, and predicts that, even though Spanish will continue to be the dominant Puerto Rican language, it will continue to change under the influence of English.

Introduction: Convergence as an emergent property in bilingual speech

2004 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 91-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
BARBARA E. BULLOCK ◽  
ALMEIDA JACQUELINE TORIBIO
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Emergent Property ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Technical Term ◽  
Linguistic Feature ◽  
Language And Cognition ◽  
Contact Situation ◽  
Definition Of

In introducing this special issue of Bilingualism: Language and Cognition, we feel it is critical to clarify what we understand ‘linguistic convergence’ to mean in the context of bilingualism, since ‘convergence’ is a technical term more readily associated with the field of language contact than with the field of bilingualism (for recent discussions of the role of convergence in contact see Thomason and Kaufman, 1988; Thomason, 2001; Myers-Scotton, 2002; Clyne, 2003; Winford, 2003). Within the language contact literature, the term invites a variety of uses. Some researchers adopt a definition of convergence that requires that all languages in a contact situation change, sometimes to the extent that the source of a given linguistic feature cannot be determined (see April McMahon's commentary in this issue). For others, convergence may be more broadly defined to also apply to situations in which one language has undergone structural incursions of various sorts from contact with another.

scholarly journals INTERFERENSI BAHASA JAWA KE DALAM BAHASA INDONESIA PADA KETERAMPILAN BERBICARA SISWA NEGERI 1 PLERET, BANTUL

LingTera ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 156
Author(s):  
Rahmat Hidayat ◽  
Teguh Setiawan
Keyword(s):  
Error Analysis ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Phonological Interference ◽  
Speaking Skill ◽  
Language Attitude ◽  
Semantic Errors ◽  
Tion System ◽  
Lexical Interference ◽  
Interference Error ◽  
Bahasa Indonesia

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis interferensi fonologi, morfologi, leksikal, sintaksis, dan faktor penyebab interferensi bahasa Jawa ke dalam bahasa Indonesia pada keterampilan berbicara sis-wa SMA Negeri 1 Pleret. Subjek penelitian adalah seluruh siswa kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Pleret. Objek penelitian adalah interferensi bahasa Jawa ke dalam bahasa Indonesia pada keterampilan berbicara. Human instrument, yaitu peneliti sebagai instrumen utama. Data diperoleh dengan teknik SBLC, rekam, dan catat. Selain itu, wawancara dilakukan untuk mendapatkan informasi faktor penyebab inter-ferensi. Keabsahan data diperoleh dengan tiangulasi dan expert judgement. Analisis dilakukan dengan intralingual error analysis. Teknik metode padan intralingual yang digunakan adalah teknik HBB. Hasil penelitian yaitu, pertama, interferensi fonologi terjadi karena terdapat prenasalisasi berupa suara hidung yang mendahului fonem /b/, /d/, /j/, dan /g/. Kedua, interferensi morfologi terjadi karena terda-pat afiksasi yang dipengaruhi sistem afiksasi bahasa Jawa, yaitu (a) prefiks n-, ke-, ny-, ng-, m-, (b) sufiks -e, (c) konfiks ke – an yang mengacu ke - en, dan (d) penggunaan akhiran –nya yang merujuk pada panambang –e. Ketiga, interferensi leksikal terjadi karena terdapat penggunaan leksikal pada dan tak yang merupakan leksikal bahasa Jawa. Penggunaan leksikal tersebut menyebabkan kesalahan keba-hasaan serta semantis. Keempat, interferensi sintaksis terjadi karena (a) penggunaan pola frasa “adverbia pada + verba” dan “adjektiva + sendiri”, (b) penggunaan pola klausa “pronomina posesif (tak) + verba”. Kelima, faktor linguistik penyebab interferensi, yaitu kontak bahasa, transfer negatif bahasa, dan sistem bahasa yang berdekatan. Faktor nonlinguistik penyebab interferensi, yaitu kebiasa-an, dominasi penguasaan bahasa Jawa, dan sikap berbahasa. Kata Kunci: interferensi, analisis kesalahan, keterampilan berbicara   THE INTERFERENCE OF JAVANESSE LANGUAGE IN INDONESIAN IN THE SPEAKING SKILL OF THE STUDENTS OF SMA NEGERI 1 PLERET, BANTUL Abstract The aims of this research are to analyze the form of phonological, morphologycal, lexical, syntactic interference, and the factors causing interference of Javanesse language in Indonesian in the speaking skill. The subjects of this study were all eleventh grade students of SMA Negeri 1 Pleret. The object of this study was the interference of Javanesse language in Indonesian in the speaking skill. The research instrument was the human instrument. The data of this study were collected through SBLC, record, and noted techniques. The validity of the data was obtained through the triangulation technique and expert judgment. The intralingual error analysis was used for the data analysis. The results of this study show that: (1) phonological interference occurs because of nasal sound at the beginning of the phonemes /b/, /d /, / j/, and /g/; (2) morphological interference occurs because affixa-tion system is influenced by the Javanesse language, including (a) the prefix n-, ke-, ny-, ng-, m-, (b) the suffix -e, (c) the confix ke – an refering to ke - en, and (d) suffix -nya refering to the suffix –e; (3) lexical interference occurs because there are Javanesse lexical items causing the linguistic and semantic errors; (4) syntactic interference occurs because of (a) the use of the Javanesse language phrase patterns “adverbia pada + verba” and “adjektiva + sendiri”, (b) the use of the Javanesse language clause patterns “pronomina posesif (tak) + verba”, and (5) the linguistic factors which cause interference, include language contact, negative transfer, and proximity language system. The non-linguistic factor causing interference include domination of Javanesse language skill, speaking habits, and language attitude. Keywords: interference, error analysis, speaking skill

scholarly journals ‘Adieu, Vaarwel, groet mijne zo Waarde Ouders’ : Het gebruik van Franse leensuffixen en leenwoorden in een negentiende-eeuwse familiecorrespondentie

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (2) ◽  
pp. 137-156
Author(s):  
Emmy Stevens
Keyword(s):  
Relative Frequency ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
Language Use ◽  
Corpus Analysis ◽  
French Language ◽  
Cultural Hegemony ◽  
Dutch Society ◽  
Dutch Politics ◽  
Loan Words ◽  
The Family

Abstract ‘Adieu, Vaarwel, groet mijne zo Waarde Ouders’: The usage of French loan suffixes and loan words in a nineteenth-century family correspondenceThe French cultural hegemony in Europe over the course of the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries affected Dutch society. During the French period (1795-1813), the French influence on Dutch politics was significant as well. As a result, the Dutch language ‘frenchified’: many loan words and loan suffixes were borrowed from French. A corpus analysis of the family letters of the Bijleveld family from Leiden (1813-1814) reveals the extensive impact of French language contact. Especially in the letters of son Theodoor, who was sent to France in 1813 to serve for Napoleon’s Garde d’honneur (‘guard of honor’), the amount of loan suffixes is considerable. This result outnumbers the outcomes of the study by Rutten, Vosters and Van der Wal (2015) and shows that the language use of elite citizens was significantly influenced by French. A comparison between loan suffixes and loan words in the letter corpus reveals an even more compelling result: the relative frequency of loan words in the corpus is twice as high as the relative frequency of loan suffixes.

scholarly journals LANGUAGE CONTACT: LEXICAL BORROWING IN SPEECH OF THE RUSSIAN GERMANS OF THE KIROV REGION

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (SEPT) ◽  
pp. 1065-1073
Author(s):  
Olga Vladimirovna BAYKOVA ◽  
Galina Vasilyevna PORCHESKU ◽  
Vyacheslav Nikolayevich ONOSHKO ◽  
Irina Sergeevna SHISHKINA ◽  
Olga Vitalyevna SKURIKHINA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Russian Germans

Native American Signed Languages

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Davis
Keyword(s):  
Native American ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Contact ◽  
The United States ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Language Varieties ◽  
Endangered Language ◽  
Northern Cheyenne ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Indian Sign Language

This chapter highlights the linguistic study of Native American signed language varieties, which are broadly referred to as American Indian Sign Language (AISL). It describes how indigenous sign language serves as an alternative to spoken language, how it is acquired as a first or second language, and how it is used both among deaf and hearing tribal members and internationally as a type of signed lingua franca. It discusses the first fieldwork carried out in over fifty years to focus on the linguistic status of AISL, which is considered an endangered language variety but is still used and learned natively by some members of various Indian nations across Canada and the United States (e.g. Assiniboine, Blackfeet/Blackfoot, Cherokee, Crow, Northern Cheyenne, Nakoda/Lakȟóta, and Mandan-Hidatsa). The chapter also addresses questions of language contact and spread, including code-switching and lexical borrowing, as well as historical linguistic questions.

scholarly journals Language-Specific Transitivities in Contact: The Case of Coptic

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-115
Author(s):  
Eitan Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Language Contact ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Lexical Borrowing ◽  
Differential Object Marking ◽  
Fine Grained ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
P Domain ◽  
Object Marking ◽  
Object Indexing

This paper sketches the integration of Greek-origin loan verbs into the valency and transitivity patterns of Coptic (Afroasiatic, Egypt), arguing that transitivities are language-specific descriptive categories, and the comparison of donor-language transitivity with target-language transitivity reveals fine-grained degrees of loan-verb integration. Based on a comparison of Coptic Transitivity and Greek Transitivity, it is shown that Greek-origin loanwords are only partially integrated into the transitivity patterns of Coptic. Specifically, while Greek-origin loan verbs have the same coding properties as native verbs in terms of the A domain, i.e., Differential Subject Marking (dsm), they differ in important respects in terms of the P domain, i.e., Differential Object Marking (dom) and Differential Object Indexing (doi). A main result of this study is that language contact – specifically, massive lexical borrowing – can induce significant transitivity splits in a language’s lexicon and grammar. Furthermore, the findings of this study cast doubt on the usefulness of an overarching cross-linguistic category of transitivity.

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