California’s Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative as a model for state renewable resource development and transmission planning

Climate Law ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Scaccia
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Transmission Planning ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Implementation Stages ◽  
Environmental Goals ◽  
Environmentally Sound

Given the lack of US federal leadership in climate change regulation, states have taken the lead in the implementation of aggressive policies to promote economic development, decrease dependence on foreign energy imports, and achieve broad environmental goals through increased reliance on renewable energy sources. The renewable energy portfolio standard (RPS) has become the most common tool used by states to achieve their particular policy goals; however, numerous barriers stand in the way of electricity providers seeking compliance with the RPS mandate. The California Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative (RETI) was a statewide attempt to overcome problems related to transmission planning and costs, private and public land-use issues, and environmental impacts. By seeking the involvement of broad stakeholder groups in the identification and evaluation of potential renewable energy zones, RETI created a roadmap for future renewable energy development in California that is both economically and environmentally sound. Through a collaborative transmission planning process, RETI provides key insights into the challenges faced by states attempting to comply with their RPS mandates, including those relating to concerns about participant selection, locating transmission, permitting, and the timing of both the planning and implementation stages of the initiative. In this paper, I evaluate RETI’s success in achieving its stated goals while also identifying areas of concern not addressed by the initiative. The results of this analysis provide guidance for states implementing their own RPS programs.

Territorial Governance of EU Cross-Border Renewable Energy Cooperation: A Soluble or Turbulent Model in the Current Framework?

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-97
Author(s):  
Melis Aras
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Local Level ◽  
Energy Transition ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Development Planning ◽  
Cross Border

The energy transition in Europe requires not only the implementation of technological innovations to reduce carbon emissions but also the decentralised extension of these innovations throughout the continent, as demonstrated by the ‘Clean Energy for All Europeans’ package. However, decentralised energy generation, and specifically electricity generation, as it gives rise to new players and interactions, also requires a review of the energy planning process. In this sense, governance becomes the key concept for understanding the implementation of the energy transition in a territory. This is particularly visible in a cross-border setting, especially considering cross-border cooperation in the development of renewable energy sources (RES) provides the necessary elements to determine the criteria of local regulation between the different levels of governance. In light of the current legal framework in France, this paper presents the institutional framework of the multi-level governance of the RES development planning process. It concludes that it is quite conceivable for the rationales of governance at the local level (decentralisation) and the large-scale operation of a large interconnected network (Europeanisation) to coexist.

Collaborative Transmission Planning: California's Renewable Energy Transmission Initiative

2012 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Olsen ◽  
Jeffrey Byron ◽  
Gary DeShazo ◽  
Dariush Shirmohammadi ◽  
Johanna Wald
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Transmission ◽  
Transmission Planning

Selection of Renewable Energy Sources for Sustainable Development and an Economic Model Proposal for Countries

2021 ◽  
pp. 1258-1276
Author(s):  
Alptekin Ulutaş ◽  
Coşkun Karaca
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Requirements ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
Multi Criteria Decision Making ◽  
Renewable Power ◽  
Employment Gain ◽  
Selection Of

Meeting the energy requirements with imported fuels leads to economic and political problems in the countries. Therefore, renewable energy investments continue to grow globally as a sustainable and increasingly economically viable alternative to conventional sources of energy. This study aims to reduce the share of imported fuels in Turkey's electricity generation and to estimate the employment gain to be provided by renewable energy investments to be established instead. Approximately 900,000 jobs are created during the production, construction, operational, and maintenance phases of additional 49,448 MW capacity renewable power plants to be installed. While analyzing, the decision on how much to invest in which renewable resource is determined with respect to multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) model.

scholarly journals Multicriterial Evaluation of Renewable Energy Expansion Projects at Municipal Level for the Available Biomass Potential

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 6211
Author(s):  
Lucas Blickwedel ◽  
Laura Stößel ◽  
Ralf Schelenz ◽  
Georg Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Social Acceptance ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Holistic Approach ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Reduce Emissions ◽  
Local Opposition ◽  
Initial Objective ◽  
Interest Profile

To reduce emissions in the energy sector and reach worldwide climate goals, further expansion of renewable energy sources (RES) is inevitable. Local opposition has increased in recent years, resulting in the need for more consideration of acceptance issues in the planning process of RES projects. To fill this gap, a method is introduced to consider the dimension of social acceptance in a holistic approach and at an early project stage. In a two-step procedure, a municipal interest profile is created, followed by an examination of possible expansion projects based on the municipal profile. Both hard and soft characteristics of a given project are assessed in combination. Using the example of two potential scenarios for biomass expansion in a given municipality in Germany, the methodology is put to the test. The results show that with the new method House of municipal Energy (HomE), the interest profile of a municipality can be quantified in a comprehensible and transparent way. It is further shown that, depending on the initial objective function of the municipality, different expansion scenarios can be advantageous. In the examined case, the larger biogas plant achieves a higher utility value, since a clearly higher local added value can be generated. A smaller plant, which is only operated with waste materials, is preferable with regard to the required area and lower environmental impact. However, the advantages of the larger plant outweigh those of the smaller plant for the investigated example.

scholarly journals A Review of Low-Voltage Renewable Microgrids: Generation Forecasting and Demand-Side Management Strategies

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (17) ◽  
pp. 2093
Author(s):  
Miguel Aybar-Mejía ◽  
Junior Villanueva ◽  
Deyslen Mariano-Hernández ◽  
Félix Santos ◽  
Angel Molina-Garcia
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Systems ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Demand Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Distribution Networks ◽  
Management Systems

It is expected that distribution power systems will soon be able to connect a variety of microgrids from residential, commercial, and industrial users, and thus integrate a variety of  distributed generation technologies, mainly renewable energy sources to supply their demands. Indeed, some authors affirm that distribution networks will propose significant changes as a consequence of this massive integration of microgrids at the distribution level. Under this scenario, the control of distributed generation inverters, demand management systems, renewable resource forecasting, and demand predictions will allow better integration of such microgrid clusters to decongest power systems. This paper presents a review of  microgrids connected at distribution networks and the solutions that facilitate their integration into such distribution network level, such as demand management systems, renewable resource forecasting, and demand predictions. Recent contributions focused on the application of microgrids in Low-Voltage distribution networks are also analyzed and reviewed in detail. In addition, this paper provides a critical review of the most relevant challenges currently facing electrical distribution networks, with an explicit focus on the massive interconnection of electrical microgrids and the future with relevant renewable energy source integration.

scholarly journals CONSIDERATIONS ON RENEWABLE ENERGY SOURCES AND THEIR RELATED PERSPECTIVES OFAGRICULTURAL ENGINEERING

2010 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 35
Author(s):  
Ester Foppa-Pedretti ◽  
Giovanni Riva ◽  
Giuseppe Toscano ◽  
Daniele Duca
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
General Education ◽  
Service Sector ◽  
Planning Process ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Renewable Energies ◽  
Energy Planning ◽  
Agricultural Engineering ◽  
Development Plans

This paper discusses some considerations and advances a number of proposals about the potential of Agricultural Engineering to contribute to the field of renewable energy, with an emphasis on biomass. Several areas for action are identified. First, general education and teaching of students who will go on to become technicians and professionals in the sector of renewable energies, even though the characteristics of the sectors are still fuzzy. Diffusion of the energy culture, a too often neglected aspect that is however indispensable to sustain the overdue penetration of renewable energies in Italy, is an additional area for action. Another critical area, energy planning, is currently viewed mainly as involving the assessment on more or less wide areas of energy consumption and for the scope of replacing fossil resources with renewables to meet some energy requirements. A more complex, overarching issue is energy efficiency, especially of buildings, which should be a mainstay of the planning process but is in fact not so clearly addressed in development plans for renewables. At this same level, all interactions among production sectors should be assessed, to enhance the role of agriculture, one of the new potential energy-producing sectors and one of the possible prospective suppliers of renewable energy for different final users, from households to the service sector and industry. Agricultural Engineering has the skills needed to implement all these different actions. A role for it in advanced research, i.e. biotechnologies, can and should also be envisaged. Its work in the renewable energy sector should closely involve microbiological, genetic, chemical, agronomic, and animal research to define the goals to be pursued and to implement intuitions. In this way, Agricultural Engineering would increasingly be characterized as Biosystems Engineering.

scholarly journals The Knowledge of People About the Use of Renewable Energy and Environmental Awareness in Their Area, Irbid Governorate as a Case Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 365-371
Author(s):  
Samia Ayyoub Salim Ayyoub ◽  
Nuha Mahmoud Mesleh Radaydeh
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Energy Consumption ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Photovoltaic Cells ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy System ◽  
The North ◽  
The Government

In the global effort to curb energy consumption and promote a sustainable lifestyle for our societies, we must strive to lower our energy needs in all aspects of our lives. One of the biggest contributors to our energy requirements are the buildings we spend most of our time inside. Buildings’ energy consumption can take many forms, such as, air conditioning, heating, ventilation, and lighting systems in order to create a comfortable environment for the users. One way of reducing buildings’ energy consumption is the use of renewable resource for energy. The main aim of this research is to measure and assess the public perceptions, knowledge and awareness of the concept of renewable energy, with specific regards to the use of solar photovoltaic cells, as well as investigate the desire to spend on the installation of renewable energy sources. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire applied in Irbid governorate in the north of Jordan. The statistical SPSS program was used to analyze closed-ended questionnaires and obtain numerical results based on arithmetical averages and percentages. The results show people are adequately aware of the benefits of renewable energy and most would like to have photovoltaic cells installed. However, 54.35% of the study sample live in apartments and do not have the space for the installation. 70.1% are open to the idea of sharing the solar energy system with their neighbors. 50% thought that the photovoltaic cells affected the aesthetics of the architecture style of the buildings especially the more traditional styles. It is concluded that the government needs to build a large-scale solar energy project to sustainably produce electricity instead of relying on individuals who generally lack the ability or the space for such systems, taking in note that the general public supports such concepts.

scholarly journals Renewable energy projects in Croatia: Present situation and future activities

2007 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 55-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Goran Granic ◽  
Filip Prebeg
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Energy Resource ◽  
Renewable Resource ◽  
Energy Sources ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Renewable Energy Resource ◽  
Energy Efficiency Improvement ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Energy Projects

Renewable energy sources should play an important role in the promotion of numerous Croatian energy goals. The development of a successful sector of renewable could in the long run contribute to energy efficiency improvement, diversification of production and supply safety, domestic production and lesser imports of energy sources and significant reduction of the environmental influences. Targets and strategy of the implementation for every renewable energy resource depends on the specifics of the particular one, with general trends in the European Union of renewable resource ratio increase in the energy balance.

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