scholarly journals The epiphyllous habit in the hepatic genus Frullania

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Von Konrat ◽  
John E. Braggins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Substrate

We report for the first time 11 species of Frullania growing as epiphylls in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Colombia . Also listed are 29 Frullania species that have previously been recorded growing as epiphylls in other regions of the world. The highest diversity of Frullania epiphyllous species are in the floristic regions of New Zealand, New Caledonia, Macraonesia, and Madagascar. Frullania epiphylls range in altitude from sea-level to 2500m and can be categorised into facultative or accidental epiphylls. The number of Frullania species currently recorded growing as epiphylls will no doubt increase as more revisions of the genus in different floristic regions take place. This number may also increase if botanists were to explore leaf surfaces as a potential substrate for Frullania species, in addition to bark and rock habitats that have traditionally been described as microhabitats for the genus.

Systematics and host relationships of Australasian Diolcogaster (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Microgastrinae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saeed ◽  
P. C. Dangerfield ◽  
A. D. Austin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Host Relationships ◽  
Braconid Wasp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Australasian Region ◽  
World Fauna

The braconid wasp genus Diolcogaster Ashmead is revised for the Australasian region, and is recorded from New Zealand and New Caledonia for the first time. A key to species is presented, the relationships within the Microgastrinae and among species-groups of the genus, the size of the world fauna, the biology and host relationships, and the distribution of Australasian species are discussed. The connexus-group sensu Nixon is expanded and redefined to include two monotypic, non-Australasian groups (D. ippis Nixon and D. reales Nixon), while the spretus-group sensu Nixon is expanded to include the monotypic group for D. coenonymphae (Watanabe) from Japan. Twenty-six species are recognised from Australasia:D. adiastola, sp. nov., D. alkingara, sp. nov., D. ashmeadi, sp. nov., D. dichromus, sp. nov., D. eclectes (Nixon), D. euterpus (Nixon), D. hadrommatus, sp. nov., D. harrisi, sp. nov., D. iqbali, sp. nov., D. lucindae, sp. nov., D. masoni, sp. nov., D. merata, sp. nov., D. muzaffari, sp. nov., D. naumanni, sp. nov., D. newguineaensis, sp. nov., D. nixoni, sp. nov., D. notopecktos, sp. nov., D. perniciosus(Wilkinson), D. rixosus (Wilkinson), D. robertsi, sp. nov., D. sons (Wilkinson), D. tearae (Wilkinson), D. tropicalus, sp. nov., D. vulpinus (Wilkinson), D. walkerae, sp. nov. and D. yousufi, sp. nov.

Smoke stimulates germination in two divergent Gondwanan species (Hibbertiapancheri and Scaevola montana) endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien S. Wulff ◽  
Shane R. Turner ◽  
Bruno Fogliani ◽  
Laurent L'Huillier
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
First Time ◽  
Smoke Water

AbstractDue to shared geological history and proximity, the flora of New Caledonia is closely linked to other Gondwanan land fragments such as Australia and New Zealand. Many predominant Australian groups are well represented within the New Caledonian flora, including the genera Hibbertia (23 species) and Scaevola (10 species). Previous studies have found that these two genera in particular have a marked positive germination response to smoke products, although all previous studies have centred on Australian species from fire-prone environments. In this present study, we test the hypothesis that two New Caledonian species of Hibbertia and Scaevola are smoke responsive even though the climate and ecological drivers in New Caledonia are in many respects fundamentally different from those of most of Australia. Preliminary results showed that germination of Hibbertia pancheri was significantly accelerated in response to smoke water while germination in Scaevola montana was also significantly enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these trends have been illustrated for any New Caledonian species and these results will enhance restoration efforts of ultramafic scrublands impacted by mining activities in New Caledonia.

scholarly journals SANGICOCCUS SP., A NEW RECORD OF PEST DEVASTATING COCONUT PALMS IN PALAWAN, PHILIPPINES

CORD ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (01) ◽  
pp. 34
Author(s):  
E.P. Pacumbaba ◽  
J.C. Orense ◽  
M.B. Zipagan ◽  
M.L.R. Imperial
Keyword(s):  
First Record ◽  
The Philippines ◽  
First Instar ◽  
Dry Spell ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The World ◽  
Ant Attendance ◽  
Major Pest ◽  
First Time ◽  
Plant Sap

Sangicoccus sp. nr. truncatispinus (Reyne) (Eriococcidae: Homoptera) is recorded for the first time as a major pest of coconut palms in the Philippines. It is   also the first record among the coconut growing areas in the world. It sucks the plant sap resulting to chlorosis of leaves. Furthermore, honeydew droplets exuded by the pest accumulated on upper leaf surfaces become substrate for sootymolds.   The severe infestation observed in late 1980’s already spread to 6 out of 8 municipalities of the southern second district of Palawan. Presently, crop losses are estimated to reach 53% of the nut yield. The prevailing easterly and westerly wind directions of 1-5 m/sec coupled with the dense manner of planting enabled first instar nymphs (crawlers) to spread to other palms. The long dry spell also favored the proliferation of Sangicoccus sp.bv.   Controlling the spread and outbreak of this pest seems to be difficult as it thrives on eleven alternate hosts. Ant attendance contributed to dispersal and protection from natural enemies. Moreover, field population of ten predatory species remained minimal. Possible strategies for its control are presented.

scholarly journals Epimanool and a New 2,6-Dideoxy-hexopyran-3-ulose Derivative from Celmisia viscosa

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800
Author(s):  
Catherine E. Sansom ◽  
Lesley Larsen ◽  
Alison C. Evans ◽  
Nigel B. Perry
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Starting Material ◽  
High Yield ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
First Time ◽  
Absolute Stereochemistry

Epimanool is reported for the first time in high yield (up to 7% w/w) from the New Zealand endemic shrub Celmisia viscosa (Asteraceae), together with a new derivative, containing the first natural example of a 2,6-dideoxy-hexopyran-3-ulose. The absolute stereochemistry of epimanool was proven by conversion to manool ketone, which also showed the potential of this plant as a source of perfume starting material. Epimanool is present in the sticky exudate on the leaf surfaces of C. viscosa.

New species of Psychodidae (Diptera) from Australasia, with a checklist of the world species of Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3552 (1) ◽  
pp. 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
GREGORY R. CURLER ◽  
AMANDA J. JACOBSON
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Genital Tract ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Male Genital Tract ◽  
World Species ◽  
The World ◽  
One New Species ◽  
Male Genital

Adults of one new species of Bruchomyiinae and five new species of Sycoracinae were collected from Australia and New Caledonia, respectively.  Nemopalpus glyphanos sp. nov., Sycorax furca sp. nov., S. sinuosa sp. nov., S. spina sp. nov., S. tridentata sp. nov., and S. webbi sp. nov. are described, and Sycorax dispar Satchell from New Zealand is redescribed.  A key to males of Sycorax species known to occur in New Caledonia, and a checklist of the world species of Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae are provided.  Characters of the male genital tract, and relationships among Australasian Bruchomyiinae and Sycoracinae are discussed.

A record of local storms and trans-Pacific tsunamis, eastern Banks Peninsula, New Zealand

The Holocene ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 496-508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jai Donnelly ◽  
James Goff ◽  
Catherine Chagué-Goff
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Tsunami Deposit ◽  
Sediment Characteristics ◽  
Tsunami Deposits ◽  
The World ◽  
Lateral Extent ◽  
Storm Deposits ◽  
First Time ◽  
Grain Size Parameters ◽  
Tsunami Sediments

This study of five sand units at Lavericks Bay, New Zealand, reports on the sedimentary evidence for three trans-Pacific tsunamis and two local storms. The 1868 Arica, 1877 Iquique and 1960 Valdivia tsunamis from Chile were the largest distantly generated events in New Zealand’s history but have never before been identified at the same location. It is also the first time that the 1877 Iquique tsunami deposit has been found in New Zealand. Two further sand units were identified as local storm deposits laid down in 1869/1870 and 1929. The identification and chronology of these events were established through the use of geochemistry, palynology, diatoms, charcoal abundance and historical documents. Their relative magnitudes were estimated through the use of grain size parameters and lateral extent of the recognisable sand layers. The recognisable sandy tsunami deposits extend about 60% of the inundation distance, while the storm sediments are finer and less extensive. There were two notable geochemical differences between the storm and tsunami deposits. Both storm deposits had lower concentrations of marine proxy elements associated with lower Ca–Ti and Sr–Ba ratios. Other differences were noted between some of the tsunami and storm deposits such as rip-up clasts and sediment characteristics, but these were by no means unequivocal. It is possible that geochemistry may prove to be the only proxy capable of not only differentiating effectively between storm and tsunami sediments but also identifying the maximum inland extent of a deposit and of inundation. It is the ability to better understand the nature and extent of such catastrophic events through these subtle differences in event characteristics that will help improve risk management for coastlines around the world.

Fallopia convolvulus (black bindweed).

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julissa Rojas-Sandoval
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cereal Crops ◽  
Horticultural Crops ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The World ◽  
Weedy Species

Abstract F. convolvulus is a weedy species of gardens, cultivated fields, open habitats, orchards, non-crop areas, waste areas, and disturbed sites. It is well-adapted to a wide range of climatic conditions and soils. This species is a prolific seed producer and has the potential to produce up to 30,000 seeds/plant. Seeds can be dispersed by farm machinery, and water. It is also a common contaminant of wheat and other cereal crops. F. convolvulus is often a serious weed in cereals, vegetables and horticultural crops (FAO, 2015). Currently, it is listed as invasive in the Dominican Republic, Cuba, Australia, New Caledonia, and New Zealand (Webb et al., 1988; MacKee, 1994; Wilson, 2008; Acevedo-Rodriguez and Strong, 2012), but it is also ranked as a serious weed in 20 crops in more than 41 countries around the world (Holm et al., 1991). Distribution.

Evolutionary Biogeography of New Zealand

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamish G. Spencer ◽  
Nicolas J. Rawlence
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Glacial Refugia ◽  
Oceanic Islands ◽  
The South ◽  
The North ◽  
Aotearoa New Zealand ◽  
The World ◽  
A Chain ◽  
High Level

Ever since the first western scientists visited Aotearoa New Zealand, biologists have been fascinated by the relationships of New Zealand’s biota to that of the rest of the world. (Aotearoa is the usual Māori name for New Zealand; increasingly, the combination Aotearoa New Zealand is also used to refer to the country.) The presence of notable vertebrates (e.g., tuatara), together with a high level of endemism among plants and invertebrates, was clearly a consequence of the islands’ long geological isolation. However, some elements showed clear affinities with taxa elsewhere—Australia and South America, most prominently. Explaining the evolutionary history of this biodiversity was (and is) an attractive driver for much scientific research. Leading vicariance biogeographer Gareth Nelson even claimed that, from a biogeographic standpoint, New Zealand’s biota was the most important in the world: “Explain New Zealand and the world falls into place around it.” Biologist Jared Diamond described New Zealand’s biodiversity as “the nearest approach to life on another planet.” Part of the reason for New Zealand providing so many biogeographic puzzles and exemplars lies in its active geology, a consequence of its position across the boundary of the Australian and Pacific tectonic plates. Unlike most oceanic islands, New Zealand comprises continental crust, remnants of the now largely submerged continent of Zealandia, which extended beyond present-day New Caledonia to the north, Campbell Island to the south, and Chatham Island to the east. In addition, New Zealand has periodically been subject to marine transgressions of varying degree. This geological history has been conducive to in situ geographical speciation, which has made a major contribution to the current levels of biodiversity, with some groups (e.g., punctid landsnails) remarkably speciose. In addition, the fluctuations in sea level have resulted in an excellent marine fossil record (especially in the Cenozoic era). Quaternary ice ages rapidly changed the New Zealand landscape, repeatedly isolating plants and animals in glacial refugia. Finally, the late arrival of humans in Aotearoa New Zealand resulted in widespread extinctions and biological turnover events. New Zealand’s biodiversity is enhanced by its geographical and consequent climatic range. It consists of a chain of islands extending over ~2800 km, from the subtropical Kermadec Islands in the north, via the three main temperate islands (North, South and Stewart Islands) to a number of subantarctic islands (Snares, Auckland, Bounty, Antipodes and Campbell Islands) in the south, as well as the Chatham Islands in the east. The politically Australian subantarctic Macquarie Island is often also considered biogeographically neozelanic. Various debates in biogeography, most notably the disputes between the dispersalist school and the vicariance-panbiogeographers, have cited New Zealand examples and, indeed, involved New Zealand scientists. Obviously, the arguments for and against so called “Oligocene drowning”—whether or not all of proto-New Zealand was submersed ~27 million years ago (mya)—involved New Zealand scientists and examples. More generally, the resolution of this latter debate illustrated how to evaluate dispersalist and vicariance hypotheses using modern techniques and integrative approaches.

scholarly journals New data on the Australasian Xantholinini. 9th. New genus, new species, and new records from Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) [259th contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae]

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Bordoni
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
First Time ◽  
Australasian Region

One genus and four species of Xantholinini are described as new: <em>Kamilaroius</em> <em>serpens</em> gen. n., sp. n. and <em>Andelis</em> <em>australis</em> sp. n. from Australia; <em>Zeteotomus</em> <em>caledonicus</em> sp. n. from New Caledonia, and <em>Wangareiella</em> <em>suborbata</em> sp. n. from New Zealand. The male genitalia of <em>Australinus megacephalus</em> (Lea) are figured for the first time. New records of other species of Xantholinini from the Australasian region are listed.

Deepwater crabs from seamounts and chemosynthetic habitats off eastern New Zealand (Crustacea: Decapoda: Brachyura)

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1708 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
SHANE T. AHYONG
Keyword(s):  
Species Richness ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Cold Seep ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
West Pacific ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
First Time

Deepwater crabs from seamounts and chemosynthetic habitats off eastern New Zealand are reported. Of the 30 species reported, eight are new to science: Cymonomus clarki sp. nov. (Cymonomidae), Dicranodromia delli sp. nov. (Homolodromiidae), Ethusina castro sp. nov. and E. rowdeni sp. nov. (Dorippidae), Trichopeltarion janetae sp. nov. (Atelecyclidae), Mathildella mclayi (Mathildellidae), Neopilumnoplax nieli sp. nov. (Mathildellidae), and Garthambrus tani sp. nov. (Parthenopidae). The dorippids, parthenopids and mathidellids reported here are the first members of these families to be described from New Zealand. Three previously described species are recorded for the first time from New Zealand waters: Dicranodromia spinulata Guinot, 1995 (Homolodromiidae), Intesius richeri Crosnier & Ng, 2004 (Mathildellidae) and Miersiograpsus australiensis Türkay, 1978 (Plagusiidae). The majority of brachyurans from New Zealand seamounts and chemosynthetic habitats are ‘typical’ deepwater forms of which thirteen species are presently unique to New Zealand. At species level, 43% of the seamount and cold-seep brachyurans are apparent New Zealand endemics, with strongest affinities with the eastern Australian fauna (37%). At the generic level, however, congeners of most species reported herein occur widely in the Indo-West Pacific (including eastern Australia and New Caledonia), suggesting that the New Zealand seamount and cold-seep brachyuran fauna is an extension of the tropical Indo-West Pacific fauna. Thirty-three percent (10 of 30 species) of the known New Zealand seamount and cold-seep brachyurans have only been recently discovered indicating that species richness is probably strongly underestimated. A key to the Brachyura known from New Zealand seamounts and chemosynthetic habitats is given.

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