Smoke stimulates germination in two divergent Gondwanan species (Hibbertiapancheri and Scaevola montana) endemic to the biodiversity hotspot of New Caledonia

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 311-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrien S. Wulff ◽  
Shane R. Turner ◽  
Bruno Fogliani ◽  
Laurent L'Huillier
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Geological History ◽  
Preliminary Results ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
First Time ◽  
Smoke Water

AbstractDue to shared geological history and proximity, the flora of New Caledonia is closely linked to other Gondwanan land fragments such as Australia and New Zealand. Many predominant Australian groups are well represented within the New Caledonian flora, including the genera Hibbertia (23 species) and Scaevola (10 species). Previous studies have found that these two genera in particular have a marked positive germination response to smoke products, although all previous studies have centred on Australian species from fire-prone environments. In this present study, we test the hypothesis that two New Caledonian species of Hibbertia and Scaevola are smoke responsive even though the climate and ecological drivers in New Caledonia are in many respects fundamentally different from those of most of Australia. Preliminary results showed that germination of Hibbertia pancheri was significantly accelerated in response to smoke water while germination in Scaevola montana was also significantly enhanced. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that these trends have been illustrated for any New Caledonian species and these results will enhance restoration efforts of ultramafic scrublands impacted by mining activities in New Caledonia.

The first pararchaeid spider (Araneae: Pararchaeidae) from New Caledonia, with a discussion on spinneret spigots and egg sac morphology in Ozarchaea

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2414 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
MICHAEL G. RIX ◽  
MARK S. HARVEY
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Scanning Electron Microscope ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
Western Australian ◽  
Scanning Electron

The first pararchaeid species to be recorded from outside Australia or New Zealand, Flavarchaea humboldti n. sp., is described from female specimens collected near the summit of Mont Humboldt, New Caledonia. Morphological and behavioural data are further described for Western Australian species of Ozarchaea Rix, with the spinneret spigot morphology of O. harveyi Rix imaged under a scanning electron microscope, and the egg sac of O. westraliensis Rix described for the first time. Pararchaeid spinnerets possess two major ampullate gland spigots on the anterior lateral spinnerets and no triad on the posterior lateral spinnerets; such a spinneret spigot arrangement does not support the placement of the Pararchaeidae in the superfamily Araneoidea, and further research is needed to test the phylogenetic position of this enigmatic family.

Lecanactis (Roccellaceae) in Tasmania, with the description of a new saxicolous species and a revised key for the genus in Australia

2021 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-101
Author(s):  
Gintaras Kantvilas
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New South ◽  
First Record ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
European Species ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Distribution And Ecology ◽  
Tasmanian Endemic ◽  
First Time

AbstractThe lichen genus Lecanactis Körb. in Tasmania comprises six species: L. abietina (Ach.) Körb., which is widespread and pan-temperate; L. latispora Egea & Torrente and L. neozelandica Egea & Torrente, both shared with New Zealand and with the former recorded here from the Auckland Islands for the first time; L. mollis (Stirt.) Frisch & Ertz, shared with Victoria and New Zealand; L. aff. dilleniana (Ach.) Körb., a European species recorded provisionally for Tasmania on the basis of several sterile collections; L. scopulicola Kantvilas, which is described here as new to science and apparently a Tasmanian endemic. This new taxon occurs in rocky underhangs and is characterized by a thick, leprose thallus containing schizopeltic acid, and 3-septate ascospores, 19–30 × 4.5–6 μm. Short descriptions and a discussion of distribution and ecology are given for all species. A key for all 11 Australian species of the genus is provided, including L. subfarinosa (C. Knight) Hellb. and L. tibelliana Egea & Torrente, which are recorded for Australia for the first time, and L. platygraphoides (Müll.Arg.) Zahlbr., a first record for New South Wales. Lecanactis spermatospora Egea & Torrente and L. sulphurea Egea & Torrente are also included.

A molecular phylogeny of the circum-Antarctic Opiliones family Neopilionidae

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gonzalo Giribet ◽  
Kate Sheridan ◽  
Caitlin M. Baker ◽  
Christina J. Painting ◽  
Gregory I. Holwell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Morphological Study ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Sister Group ◽  
28S Rrna ◽  
South American ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
The Family

The Opiliones family Neopilionidae is restricted to the terranes of the former temperate Gondwana: South America, Africa, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand. Despite decades of morphological study of this unique fauna, it has been difficult reconciling the classic species of the group (some described over a century ago) with recent cladistic morphological work and previous molecular work. Here we attempted to investigate the pattern and timing of diversification of Neopilionidae by sampling across the distribution range of the family and sequencing three markers commonly used in Sanger-based approaches (18S rRNA, 28S rRNA and cytochrome-c oxidase subunit I). We recovered a well-supported and stable clade including Ballarra (an Australian ballarrine) and the Enantiobuninae from South America, Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand, but excluding Vibone (a ballarrine from South Africa). We further found a division between West and East Gondwana, with the South American Thrasychirus/Thrasychiroides always being sister group to an Australian–Zealandian (i.e. Australia + New Zealand + New Caledonia) clade. Resolution of the Australian–Zealandian taxa was analysis-dependent, but some analyses found Martensopsalis, from New Caledonia, as the sister group to an Australian–New Zealand clade. Likewise, the species from New Zealand formed a clade in some analyses, but Mangatangi often came out as a separate lineage from the remaining species. However, the Australian taxa never constituted a monophyletic group, with Ballarra always segregating from the remaining Australian species, which in turn constituted 1–3 clades, depending on the analysis. Our results identify several generic inconsistencies, including the possibility of Thrasychiroides nested within Thrasychirus, Forsteropsalis being paraphyletic with respect to Pantopsalis, and multiple lineages of Megalopsalis in Australia. In addition, the New Zealand Megalopsalis need generic reassignment: Megalopsalis triascuta will require its own genus and M. turneri is here transferred to Forsteropsalis, as Forsteropsalis turneri (Marples, 1944), comb. nov.

Immunological Relationships and Generic Revision of the Australian Lizards Assigned to the Genus Leiolopisma (Scincidae, Lygosominae)

1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (5) ◽  
pp. 535 ◽  
Author(s):  
MN Hutchinson ◽  
SC Donnellan ◽  
PR Baverstock ◽  
M Krieg ◽  
S Simms ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Serum Albumin ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Complement Fixation ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

The phylogenetic relationships of the Australian scincid lizards currently assigned to the genus Leiolopisma have been examined by quantitative micro-complement fixation (MC'F) comparisons of serum albumin. The results of these comparisons do not support the monophyly implicit in these species' current congeneric status, but suggest instead that the Australian species of Leiolopisma belong to several distinct phyletic lineages within the Eugongylus group. These findings are supported by several sets of non-biochemical characters, including features of scalation, osteology and karyotype. None of the Australian species shares a close relationship with the type-species of Leiolopisrna (L. telfairii), and so a new taxonomic arrangement is proposed which distributes them among the following genera: Bartleia, gen. nov. (jigurru); Bassiana, gen. nov. (duperreyi, platynotum and trilineata); Cautula, gen. nov. (zia); Niveoscincus, gen. nov. (coventryi, greeni, metallicus, microlepidotus, ocellatus, orocryptus, palfreymani and pretiosus); and Pseudemoia Fuhn, 1967 (baudini, entrecasteauxii Group 1; entrecasteauxii Group 2, rawlinsoni and spenceri). Preliminary comparisons suggest that other Leiolopisma species, from New Caledonia, Lord Howe I. and New Zealand, belong to phyletic lineages which are distinct from any of the Australian 'Leiolopisma' and from the type-species.

The biting midge genus Forcipomyia (Diptera : Ceratopogonidae) in the Australasian region (exclusive of New Zealand). II. Warmkea and the Caloforcipomyia group of subgenera

1987 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 167 ◽  
Author(s):  
ML Debenham
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Guinea ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Biting Midge ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
New Subgenus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Australasian Region

In this second part of the study of Australasian Forcipomyia, the subgenus Warmkea and the group of subgenera related to Caloforcipomyia are examined. Warmkea is recorded from the Australasian region for the first time, with a single species, albiacies, sp. nov. Four new species of the subgenus Caloforcipomyia are recorded, two – quokkae, sp. nov., and gibbus, sp. nov. – from Australia (the latter also from New Guinea), and pennaticauda from New Guinea, and new records are provided for squamianulipes Tokunaga & Murachi. The subgenus Metaforcipomyia is also recorded for the first time from the region, with five Australian species – tomaculorum, sp. nov.; colonus, sp. nov.; campana, sp. nov.; rupicola, sp. nov.; crepidinis, sp. nov. – and one new New Guinea species, furculae, sp. nov. In addition, the species novaguineae Tokunaga and stigmatipennis Tokunaga are transferred to Metaforcipomyia from the subgenus Forcipomyia. A new subgenus, Bassoforcipomyia, apparently related to the Caloforcipomyia group, is erected for two new southern Australian species, centurio, sp. nov., and incus, sp, nov. The relationships of these subgenera, and the relationships of species within the subgenera, are discussed.

Systematics and host relationships of Australasian Diolcogaster (Hymenoptera : Braconidae : Microgastrinae)

1999 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 117 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Saeed ◽  
P. C. Dangerfield ◽  
A. D. Austin
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Key To Species ◽  
The World ◽  
Species Groups ◽  
Host Relationships ◽  
Braconid Wasp ◽  
First Time ◽  
Australasian Region ◽  
World Fauna

The braconid wasp genus Diolcogaster Ashmead is revised for the Australasian region, and is recorded from New Zealand and New Caledonia for the first time. A key to species is presented, the relationships within the Microgastrinae and among species-groups of the genus, the size of the world fauna, the biology and host relationships, and the distribution of Australasian species are discussed. The connexus-group sensu Nixon is expanded and redefined to include two monotypic, non-Australasian groups (D. ippis Nixon and D. reales Nixon), while the spretus-group sensu Nixon is expanded to include the monotypic group for D. coenonymphae (Watanabe) from Japan. Twenty-six species are recognised from Australasia:D. adiastola, sp. nov., D. alkingara, sp. nov., D. ashmeadi, sp. nov., D. dichromus, sp. nov., D. eclectes (Nixon), D. euterpus (Nixon), D. hadrommatus, sp. nov., D. harrisi, sp. nov., D. iqbali, sp. nov., D. lucindae, sp. nov., D. masoni, sp. nov., D. merata, sp. nov., D. muzaffari, sp. nov., D. naumanni, sp. nov., D. newguineaensis, sp. nov., D. nixoni, sp. nov., D. notopecktos, sp. nov., D. perniciosus(Wilkinson), D. rixosus (Wilkinson), D. robertsi, sp. nov., D. sons (Wilkinson), D. tearae (Wilkinson), D. tropicalus, sp. nov., D. vulpinus (Wilkinson), D. walkerae, sp. nov. and D. yousufi, sp. nov.

Introduced species in New Zealand ? Their impacts on a biodiversity hotspot

2010 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark N. H. Seabrook-Davision ◽  
Dianne H. Brunton
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Introduced Species ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Biodiversity Hotspot ◽  
Rapid Expansion ◽  
Brushtail Possum ◽  
Mammal Species ◽  
Mustela Nivalis ◽  
Mammalian Predators ◽  
Mustela Furo

The issue of naturalization of introduced species to New Zealand was raised in an article in Nature (Ritchie 1922a Thompson 1922) 88 years ago. Here, we take the opportunity to assess the impacts of introduced species to the islands of New Zealand, one of the only entire countries, such as Madagascar, Japan, Philippines and New Caledonia to be described as a biodiversity hotspot (Reid 1998; Abbitt et al. 2000; Smith et al. 2001; Mittermeier et al. 2004). Between 1769 and 1919, 1170 species were recorded as being introduced to New Zealand (Thompson 1922) (Table 1). Ritchie (1922) reviewed the publication of Thompson?s inventory and warned against the introduction of exotic species without proper planning and assessment of the impacts on the existing biota. The warning was given because of New Zealand?s biodiversity had evolved in the absence of mammalian predators. Many bird, reptile and invertebrate species had limited defences against mammal species such as rats Rattus spp, mustelids (Stoat Mustela erminea, Ferret Mustela furo and Weasel Mustela nivalis vulgari), Brushtail Possum Trichosurus vulpectula and Cat Felis cattus. At the beginning of the 20th century, most of New Zealand?s large land vertebrates were extinct or threatened with extinction. The rapid expansion of mustelids, rats and Cat had caused considerable contractions in the distribution of large ground birds such as Kakapo Strigops habroptilus, South Island Takahe Porphyrio mantelli hochstetteri and species of waterfowl.

scholarly journals The epiphyllous habit in the hepatic genus Frullania

1999 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-113
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Von Konrat ◽  
John E. Braggins
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Sea Level ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
Leaf Surfaces ◽  
The World ◽  
First Time ◽  
Potential Substrate

We report for the first time 11 species of Frullania growing as epiphylls in New Zealand, New Caledonia, and Colombia . Also listed are 29 Frullania species that have previously been recorded growing as epiphylls in other regions of the world. The highest diversity of Frullania epiphyllous species are in the floristic regions of New Zealand, New Caledonia, Macraonesia, and Madagascar. Frullania epiphylls range in altitude from sea-level to 2500m and can be categorised into facultative or accidental epiphylls. The number of Frullania species currently recorded growing as epiphylls will no doubt increase as more revisions of the genus in different floristic regions take place. This number may also increase if botanists were to explore leaf surfaces as a potential substrate for Frullania species, in addition to bark and rock habitats that have traditionally been described as microhabitats for the genus.

Corrigendum to: Improved germination of the Australian natives: Hibbertia commutata, Hibbertia amplexicaulis (Dilleniaceae), Chamaescilla corymbosa (Liliaceae), and Leucopogon nutans (Epacridaceae)

2004 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 559
Author(s):  
Sally M. Allan ◽  
Steve W. Adkins ◽  
Christine A. Preston ◽  
Sean M. Bellairs
Keyword(s):  
Gibberellic Acid ◽  
Acid Solution ◽  
Seed Coat ◽  
Shock Treatment ◽  
Dormancy Breaking ◽  
Australian Species ◽  
Germination Response ◽  
Embryo Dormancy ◽  
Site Rehabilitation ◽  
Smoke Water

Hibbertia commutata Steudel, H. amplexicaulis Steudel, Chamaescilla corymbosa (R.Br.) F.Muell. Ex Benth. and Leucopogon nutans E.Pritzel are four Australian species that are difficult to germinate during mine-site rehabilitation. Laboratory germination trails were conducted to identify dormancy mechanisms and to improve germination response. Treatments applied to all species included scarification and scarification followed by soaking seeds in smoke water (1, 5 or 10%) or gibberellic acid solution (50, 200 or 1000 μM). Additional treatments with kinetin solution (50, 200 or 1000 μM) and smoke water (50 or 100%) were applied to scarified or unscarified seeds of C. corymbosa. Thermal-shock treatment was applied to L. nutans fruit, some of which were subsequently scarified and subjected to both smoke water (10%) and gibberellic-acid solution (1000 μM). Significant germination increases were obtained by using dormancy-breaking treatments on H. commutata (12.8 to 76.0%), H. amplexicaulis (6.8 to 55.1%) and C. corymbosa (48.5 to 86.4%). Scarification alone increased germination of both Hibbertia species, suggesting that these species display a physical seed coat-imposed dormancy mechanism. Germination of H. amplexicaulis was further increased by the application of gibberellic-acid solution, indicating a possible embryo-imposed dormancy mechanism. Scarification followed by the application of smoke water produced the highest germination response for C. corymbosa seeds. Scarification alone did not significantly increase germination, inferring the existence of a smoke-responsive embryo dormancy mechanism. Seeds of L.�nutans, although viable, failed to germinate and are thought to display complex seed coat- and embryo-imposed dormancy mechanisms.

scholarly journals New data on the Australasian Xantholinini. 9th. New genus, new species, and new records from Australia, New Caledonia and New Zealand (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) [259th contribution to the knowledge of the Staphylinidae]

2017 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 115
Author(s):  
Arnaldo Bordoni
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Zealand ◽  
Male Genitalia ◽  
New Genus ◽  
New Records ◽  
New Caledonia ◽  
First Time ◽  
Australasian Region

One genus and four species of Xantholinini are described as new: <em>Kamilaroius</em> <em>serpens</em> gen. n., sp. n. and <em>Andelis</em> <em>australis</em> sp. n. from Australia; <em>Zeteotomus</em> <em>caledonicus</em> sp. n. from New Caledonia, and <em>Wangareiella</em> <em>suborbata</em> sp. n. from New Zealand. The male genitalia of <em>Australinus megacephalus</em> (Lea) are figured for the first time. New records of other species of Xantholinini from the Australasian region are listed.

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