Are seedlings diagnostic in Neotropical Entada (Leguminosae)? Seedling morphology supports the reinstatement of Entada polyphylla

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 220 (3) ◽  
pp. 287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodrigo Schütz Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Seedling Morphology ◽  
World Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Seedling Characters ◽  
Cotyledonary Petioles

Entada (Leguminosae) is a pantropical genus encompassing four Neotropical species, E. gigas (E. sect. Entada), E. polyphylla, E. polystachya and E. simplicata (E. sect. Entadopsis). However, the taxonomic status of E. polyphylla is still disputed, being treated as a separate species or a variety of E. polystachya. This article aims to take a comprehensive view of seedlings of Neotropical Entada, addressing the question of whether seedling morphology provide diagnostic characters that support the recognition of E. polyphylla at the species level. Seedlings of E. polyphylla were described and illustrated, whilst seedling data for the remaining Neotropical species were based on the literature. Entada polyphylla has an exclusive set of seedling characters within E. sect. Entadopsis, including cryptocotylar, hypogeal, reserve seedlings, long cotyledonary petioles, short cotyledon lobes, cataphylls and alternate, bipinnate eophylls. Therefore, seedling morphology supports the recognition of E. polyphylla as a distinct species and its reinstatement is here proposed. In addition, each of the four New World species of Entada can be diagnosed by their seedlings, and an identification key is also provided.

Review of the New World species of Salina (Collembola: Paronellidae) with bidentate mucro, including a key to all New World members of Salina

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2333 (1) ◽  
pp. 26 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELIPE N. SOTO-ADAMES
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
New World ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Colour Pattern ◽  
World Species ◽  
Pattern Variable ◽  
A New Species

The taxonomic status of the four New World species of Salina MacGillivray with bidentate mucro is uncertain. The first two species to be described, S. bidentata (Handschin) and S. wolcotti Folsom, are so poorly described by modern standards that it is unclear if they represent distinct species or the same, colour-pattern variable forms. This contribution presents additions to the description of S. beta Christiansen & Bellinger based on the holotype, a redescription of S. bidentata and S. wolcotti based on freshly collected material from Costa Rica, Puerto Rico and Florida, USA, and description of a new species, S. thibaudi, from Costa Rica and Guadaloupe. Based on analysis of chaetotaxic patterns it is concluded that S. bidentata and S. wolcotti are distinct species, although it remains unclear if S. ventricolor Gruia, from Cuba is distinct from S. wolcotti. The discovery in Costa Rica and Guadaloupe of S. thibaudi, showing a distinct chaetotaxy, but with colour pattern identical to that illustrated in the original description of S. wolcotti, suggests that records of S. wolcotti outside Puerto Rico require verification. A key for the identification of all species of Salina reported from the Americas is provided.

scholarly journals Description of a new species of Macronychia Rondani (Diptera: Sarcophagidae: Miltogramminae), with a key to the New World species of the genus

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2832 (1) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
PABLO RICARDO MULIERI ◽  
JUAN CARLOS MARILUIS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
New World ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Actual Number ◽  
World Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Endemic Genera ◽  
A New Species

The Miltogramminae of the Neotropical Region are low in species diversity, with no endemic genera (Pape 1996). However, the actual number of Neotropical species in this subfamily is expected to be higher according to the few comprehensive taxonomic revisions (e.g., Pape 1987a, 1989).

The Dogma of Dingoes—Taxonomic status of the dingo: A reply to Smith et al.

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4564 (1) ◽  
pp. 198 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN M. JACKSON ◽  
PETER J.S. FLEMING ◽  
MARK D.B. ELDRIDGE ◽  
SANDY INGLEBY ◽  
TIM FLANNERY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Domestic Dogs ◽  
Current Evidence ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Evolutionary Divergence ◽  
Gray Wolf ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Gray Wolves ◽  
Narrow Scope

Adopting the name Canis dingo for the Dingo to explicitly denote a species-level taxon separate from other canids was suggested by Crowther et al.  (2014) as a means to eliminate taxonomic instability and contention. However, Jackson et al.  (2017), using standard taxonomic and nomenclatural approaches and principles, called instead for continued use of the nomen C. familiaris for all domestic dogs and their derivatives, including the Dingo. (This name, C. familiaris, is applied to all dogs that derive from the domesticated version of the Gray Wolf, Canis lupus, based on nomenclatural convention.) The primary reasons for this call by Jackson et al.  (2017) were: (1) a lack of evidence to show that recognizing multiple species amongst the dog, including the Dingo and New Guinea Singing Dog, was necessary taxonomically, and (2) the principle of nomenclatural priority (the name familiaris Linnaeus, 1758, antedates dingo Meyer, 1793). Overwhelming current evidence from archaeology and genomics indicates that the Dingo is of recent origin in Australia and shares immediate ancestry with other domestic dogs as evidenced by patterns of genetic and morphological variation. Accordingly, for Smith et al.  (2019) to recognise Canis dingo as a distinct species, the onus was on them to overturn current interpretations of available archaeological, genomic, and morphological datasets and instead show that Dingoes have a deeply divergent evolutionary history that distinguishes them from other named forms of Canis (including C. lupus and its domesticated version, C. familiaris). A recent paper by Koepfli et al.  (2015) demonstrates exactly how this can be done in a compelling way within the genus Canis—by demonstrating deep evolutionary divergence between taxa, on the order of hundreds of thousands of years, using data from multiple genetic systems. Smith et al.  (2019) have not done this; instead they have misrepresented the content and conclusions of Jackson et al.  (2017), and contributed extraneous arguments that are not relevant to taxonomic decisions. Here we dissect Smith et al.  (2019), identifying misrepresentations, to show that ecological, behavioural and morphological evidence is insufficient to recognise Dingoes as a separate species from other domestic dogs. We reiterate: the correct binomial name for the taxon derived from Gray Wolves (C. lupus) by passive and active domestication, including Dingoes and other domestic dogs, is Canis familiaris. We are strongly sympathetic to arguments about the historical, ecological, cultural, or other significance of the Dingo, but these are issues that will have to be considered outside of the more narrow scope of taxonomy and nomenclature. 

New World direct-developing frogs (Anura: Terrarana): Molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1737 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. BLAIR HEDGES ◽  
WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN ◽  
MATTHEW P. HEINICKE
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New World ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Southeastern Brazil ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
New Taxon ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
Species Groups

New World frogs recently placed in a single, enormous family (Brachycephalidae) have direct development and reproduce on land, often far away from water. DNA sequences from mitochondrial and nuclear genes of 344 species were analyzed to estimate their relationships. The molecular phylogeny in turn was used as the basis for a revised classification of the group. The 882 described species are placed in a new taxon, Terrarana, and allocated to four families, four subfamilies, 24 genera, 11 subgenera, 33 species series, 56 species groups, and 11 species subgroups. Systematic accounts are provided for all taxa above the species level. Two families (Craugastoridae and Strabomantidae), three subfamilies (Holoadeninae, Phyzelaphryninae, and Strabomantinae), six genera (Bryophryne, Diasporus, Haddadus, Isodactylus, Lynchius, and Psychrophrynella), and two subgenera (Campbellius and Schwartzius) are proposed and named as new taxa, 13 subspecies are considered to be distinct species, and 613 new combinations are formed. Most of the 100 informal groups (species series, species groups, and species subgroups) are new or newly defined. Brachycephalus and Ischnocnema are placed in Brachycephalidae, a relatively small clade restricted primarily to southeastern Brazil. Eleutherodactylidae includes two subfamilies, four genera, and five subgenera and is centered in the Caribbean region. Craugastoridae contains two genera and three subgenera and is distributed mainly in Middle America. Strabomantidae is distributed primarily in the Andes of northwestern South America and includes two subfamilies, 16 genera, and three subgenera. Images and distribution maps are presented for taxa above the species level and a complete list of species is provided. Aspects of the evolution, biogeography, and conservation of Terrarana are discussed.

Sobarocephala (Diptera: Clusiidae: Sobarocesphalinae)—Subgeneric classification and Revision of the New World species

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3370 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
OWEN LONSDALE ◽  
STEPHEN A. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New World ◽  
Neotropical Region ◽  
Species Level ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Neotropical Fauna ◽  
Species Groups

Sobarocephala Czerny is divided into nine newly erected species groups: the S. archisobarocephala (4 spp.), S. erwini (3spp.), S. flava (8 New World spp.; 2 Old World spp.), S. flaviseta (86 New World spp.; 1 Old World sp.), S. interrupta (86spp.), S. isla (25 spp.), S. latipennis (16 spp.), S. plumicornis (9 Old World spp.), and S. ruebsaameni (11 spp.) groups; 1species (S. setulocetra spec. nov.) remains unplaced. There are 240 species of Sobarocephala in the New World, including17 Nearctic (2 extend into the Neotropical Region) and 170 new species, some of which were previously considered va-rieties of S. humeralis Melander & Argo. The Neotropical fauna is here described, illustrated, keyed, and placed in a phy-logenetic context. Sobarocephala peruana Soós stat. nov., formerly a subspecies of S. nigronota Melander & Argo, israised to the species level, S. imitans Curran syn. nov. and S. diversipes Curran syn. nov. are synonymized with S. liturataMelander & Argo, S. annulata albiventris Soós syn. nov. is synonymized with S. annulata Melander & Argo, S. albitarsisCzerny syn. nov. is synonymized with S. humeralis, and S. pruinosa pallidor Steyskal syn. n. is synonymized with S. pru-inosa Soós. Lectotypes are designated for S. bistrigata (Kertesz) , S. lumbalis Williston, S. plumicornis Lamb and S. variegata Melander & Argo. The egg of S. uberis spec. nov. is described.

scholarly journals Taxonomy and Natural History of the Crematogaster (Decacrema)-group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) in Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2714 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
BONNIE B. BLAIMER
Keyword(s):  
Natural History ◽  
Species Identification ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Species Level ◽  
Species Status ◽  
Distribution Maps ◽  
History Information ◽  
History Of

The taxonomy of the Malagasy Crematogaster (Decacrema) is revised and a total of six distinct species and one species-complex are recognized. Malagasy Decacrema are widespread ants in Madagascar that nest almost exclusively arboreally, either in carton nests or inside dead twigs or branches, and often tend Coccoidea. Four species are newly described here: Crematogaster mahery sp. nov., C. malala sp. nov., C. sabatra sp. nov. and C. sisa sp. nov.. The species status of Crematogaster grevei Forel 1891 is confirmed by the study, and one described subspecies, C. hova nosibeensis Forel 1891 is raised to species level (C. nosibeensis stat. nov.) and a neotype designated. Crematogaster hova latinoda Forel 1891 is synonymised under C. hova Forel 1887, and the taxonomic status of C. hova, C. ensifera Forel 1910 and C. schencki Forel 1891 is further investigated, but could not be resolved with methods employed here. The C. hova-complex, a species-complex consisting of five morphological forms, is hence defined and the three described species above are associated with these morphotypes. Full descriptions including natural history information are presented for all species and the species-complex, as well as images, distribution maps and a species-identification key to the workers of Malagasy Decacrema. A diagnosis of the Malagasy Decacrema and identification keys to the subgenera of the ant genus Crematogaster in the Malagasy region are also provided.

Revision of the new world fauna of Mesembrina Meigen (Diptera: Muscidae) with the description of a new neotropical species

Zootaxa ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 1689 (1) ◽  
pp. 29
Author(s):  
JAMES S. KUCHTA ◽  
JADE SAVAGE
Keyword(s):  
Boreal Forest ◽  
New World ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
World Species ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
The World ◽  
High Elevations ◽  
New Synonymy ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
Nearctic Region

The large striking flies of the genus Mesembrina are typically found in boreal forest and at high elevations throughout the Northern Hemisphere. While it is known that most species are decomposers of ungulate dung, biological and taxonomic information on the New World fauna of Mesembrina is mostly out of date or unreliable. Consequently, the Nearctic taxa have been revised, resulting in the new synonymy of Mesembrina solitaria (Knab) with Mesembrina decipiens Loew, making M. decipiens the only species of the genus with a confirmed Holarctic distribution. Mesembrina latreillii Robineau-Desvoidy, contrary to previous indications, may be restricted to the Nearctic Region. The first Neotropical member of the genus, Mesembrina nigribasis sp. nov. is described. To place the New World fauna in context, a key to the world species of Mesembrina is provided. This key includes a species designated by Hennig as “resplendens subspecies” from the Palaearctic, which is a distinct but undescribed species.

Molecular systematics of Australian rhinolophid bats (Chiroptera : Rhinolophidae)

1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 203 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. J. B. Cooper ◽  
T. B. Reardon ◽  
J. Skilins
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Surprising Result ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Species Concept ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Mtdna Sequence ◽  
Geographic Populations

Genetic variation in two morphologically distinct species of Australian Rhinolophus, R. megaphyllus, and R. philippinensis, and a third putative species (‘the intermediate’) were examined using allozyme electrophoresis and sequencing of the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) control region with the aim of resolving their taxonomic status. The surprising result was that no fixed allozymic differences and low allozyme divergence existed among these three taxa over 45 loci examined. In contrast, levels of intra-generic divergence among eight species of Rhinolophus showed up to 50% fixed allozyme differences between species, indicating that low allozyme divergence was not a common feature of the genus and that the three Australian taxa are likely to be monophyletic and recently diverged. Phylogenetic analyses of mtDNA sequence data revealed that populations of R. megaphyllus and R. philippinensis from Sabah, New Guinea, and Australia were represented by distinct mtDNA clades and that the two species are polyphyletic. These data suggest a reclassification of the different geographic populations of R. megaphyllus and R. philippinensis as separate species on the basis of a phylogenetic species concept. Within Australia, three distinct mtDNA clades were found, one of which showed ‘the intermediate’ in paraphyly with R. philippinensis from Queensland, but does not resolve the taxonomic status of ‘the intermediate’. Two mtDNA clades were also found representing R. megaphyllus from Queensland and R. megaphyllus from Victoria and New South Wales respectively. The finding of genetic subdivision along the east coast of Australia in an apparently continuously distributed bat species raises questions of the origin and historical biogeography of these bats in Australia.

Towards a phylogenetic classification of the Ocotea complex (Lauraceae): an analysis with emphasis on the Old World taxa and description of the new genus Kuloa

2020 ◽  
Vol 192 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-535 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrij Trofimov ◽  
Jens G Rohwer
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
New Genus ◽  
African Region ◽  
Molecular Systematic ◽  
World Species ◽  
Old World ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Neotropical Species ◽  
Mascarene Islands

Abstract Ocotea is one of the largest genera in the Lauraceae (c. 400 spp.), and it has been known to be paraphyletic with respect to most other genera of the New World Lauraceae for almost 20 years. In the traditional circumscription, Ocotea contains not only Neotropical species, but also about 45 species from the African region, including Macaronesia, Madagascar, and the Comoro and Mascarene Islands. Only a few of the species have been included in previous molecular systematic analyses. Here we present a phylogenetic analysis, based on ITS and psbA-trnH sequences of 168 Lauraceae species, including 151 taxa from the Ocotea complex, among them 26 of the 45 Palaeotropical species currently placed in Ocotea. Our results show that the Old World species belong to two well-supported and morphologically distinguishable clades, one of which is placed unresolved among the Neotropical clades of the Ocotea complex, whereas the other is sister to Cinnamomum section Cinnamomum. The two clades can also be differentiated based morphologically. As a step towards a phylogenetic classification, we recognize the second group as the new genus Kuloa.

Revision of the New World Hendelia (Diptera: Clusiidae: Clusiodinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2748 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
OWEN LONSDALE ◽  
STEPHEN A. MARSHALL
Keyword(s):  
New World ◽  
Identification Key ◽  
Female Genitalia ◽  
World Species ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Neotropical Species

The New World species of Hendelia Czerny, 1903 (Clusiidae, Clusiodinae) are recognized as a single lineage (the “H. mirabilis clade”) and revised with the description of seven new neotropical species: H. boliviensis spec. nov., H. campa spec. nov., H. heliconiae spec. nov., H. masneri spec. nov., H. nigripalpus spec. nov., H. putealis spec. nov. and H. salebrosa spec. nov. The fourteen neotropical species are discussed, an identification key is provided, and new morphological and distributional data are given for previously described taxa. The unusual, and sometimes very large genal processes characteristic of several species are figured and discussed. This clade can be separated from other species of neotropical Clusiidae by the presence of one pair of well-developed interfrontal bristles, entirely reclinate fronto-orbital bristles, and derived male and female genitalia.

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