Phylogenetic relationships of Petunia patagonica (Solanaceae) revealed by molecular and biogeographical evidence

Phytotaxa ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 222 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maikel Reck-Kortmann ◽  
Gustavo A Silva-Arias ◽  
João R Stehmann ◽  
Julián A Greppi ◽  
Loreta B Freitas
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Ancestral Area Reconstruction ◽  
Cpdna Markers

Petunia patagonica is restricted to the Patagonian region of Argentina and its identity is controversial. The species was described in the genus Nierembergia, and subsequently transferred to the genus Petunia. However, several morphological characteristics of P. patagonica as well as its geographical distribution differ from other Petunia species, and it has been repeatedly considered an exception in the genus. Using one nuclear and two cpDNA markers for 22 species representing seven genera of the tribe Petunieae, we analyzed phylogenetic and biogeographic evidence to clarify the phylogenetic position of P. patagonica. Our results suggest that P. patagonica is not a member of the genus Petunia and is closer to Fabiana imbricata. In addition, Calibrachoa appears basal within the Petunia, Calibrachoa, and Fabiana clades, and Fabiana and Petunia are sister genera. This result led us to reconstruct an ancestral region for this clade within the subtropical grasslands of South America. Subsequent dispersion to the Patagonian and Andean regions was inferred in the divergence of Fabiana and P. patagonica. Our work suggests a need for more studies towards a new generic placement. Ancestral area reconstruction suggests that the origin of the Calibrachoa, Fabiana and Petunia lineages was located in the subtropical grasslands of South America, and the colonization of the Andes and Patagonia seems to be divergent and was achieved only for species belonging to the Fabiana and P. patagonica clades.

Cyttaria berteroi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2004 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. J. Gamundí
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Wood Decay ◽  
Golf Ball ◽  
Obligate Parasite ◽  
Santiago De Chile ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Highly Evolved

Abstract A description is provided for Cyttaria berteroi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. DISEASE: A highly evolved and highly specific obligate parasite causing often spectacular cankers only on branches of Nothofagus species. Fruitbodies only appear on the cankers; this fungus does not cause wood decay. HOSTS: Nothofagus glauca, N. obliqua, N. obliqua var. macrocarpa, Nothofagus sp. (Fagaceae) [old fallen ascomata have also been recorded on litter and soil]. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: SOUTH AMERICA: Argentina (Neuquén); Chile (La Araucanía, Los Lagos, Santiago de Chile, Bío-Bío). The fungus is more commonly encountered west of the Andes watershed. TRANSMISSION: Not known, but presumably infection is by wind-dispersed ascospores. The reasons postulated by INGOLD (1988) for evolution of the golf ball shape of fruitbodies of Cyttaria espinosae [IMI Descriptions No. 1593] are doubtless also valid for this species.

Capronia normandinae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
South America ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
Papua New Guinea ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
New Guinea

Abstract A description is provided for Capronia normandinae. Some information on its morphological characteristics, associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (Papua-New Guinea), Atlantic Ocean (Portugal, Madeira), Australasia (New Zealand), Europe (France, Ireland, Norway, Portugal, Spain, UK), South America (Argentina, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador)).

A new predatory leech from Vietnam (Hirudinida : Arhynchobdellida : Salifidae): its phylogenetic position with comments on the classification of the family

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takafumi Nakano ◽  
Son Truong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
The Family ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data ◽  
First Time

The family Salifidae is a predaceous leech taxon in the suborder Erpobdelliformes. Although Salifidae is widely distributed in the African, Oriental, Indo-Malayan, Sino-Japanese and Australasian regions, the phylogenetic relationships of the family Salifidae have never been tested using molecular data obtained from leeches collected from the family distributional range. A salifid species was collected for the first time in Vietnam, and relevant morphological and molecular data are presented here. Because the Vietnamese salifid species possesses unique morphological characteristics among the known salifid species, this species is herein described as a new species, Salifa motokawai, sp. nov. Phylogenetic analyses based on nuclear 18S rRNA and histone H3, as well as mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit I, tRNACys, tRNAMet, 12S rRNA, tRNAVal, 16S rRNA, tRNALeu and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 markers demonstrate that the Vietnamese salifid species is a close congener with the African Salifa perspicax and the Malagasy Linta be. Furthermore, molecular data revealed non-monophyly of the Asian salifid leeches. According to the observed phylogenetic relationships and morphological characteristics of the Vietnamese Salifa motokawai, sp. nov., the current classification of salifid taxa should be revised.

Description and phylogenetic relationships of a new trans-Andean species of Elachistocleis Parker 1927 (Amphibia, Anura, Microhylidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4779 (3) ◽  
pp. 323-340
Author(s):  
JUAN C. SÁNCHEZ-NIVICELA ◽  
PEDRO L. V. PELOSO ◽  
VERÓNICA L. URGILES ◽  
MARIO H. YÁNEZ-MUÑOZ ◽  
YERKA SAGREDO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
South America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Mitochondrial Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Southern Ecuador ◽  
A New Species

Elachistocleis is a Neotropical genus of microhylid frogs with 18 species, most of which occur east of the Andes in South America. Here, we present a new phylogeny of Gastrophryninae and describe and name a new species of Elachistocleis from southern Ecuador—the first to be found west of the Andes and also the first from Ecuador. Our phylogeny is based on DNA sequences of the mitochondrial genes 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA, COI, and the nuclear genes BDNF, cmyc2, H3A, 28S, SIA1, and Tyr. Elachistocleis araios sp. n., is the sister species of all other Elachistocleis. The finding of this taxon highlights the probability of the existence of more Elachistocleis species west of the Andes. 

Capronia chlorospora. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
New Jersey ◽  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Prince Edward Island ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Salix Caprea

Abstract A description is provided for Capronia chlorospora, found on rotten branch of Salix caprea. Some information on its morphological characteristics, associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Europe (Czech Republic, Denmark, France, Norway, Spain, Sweden), Switzerland, UK, North America (Canada, Prince Edward Island), USA (Arizona, Massachusetts, New Jersey, Ohio, Vermont), South America (Argentina)).

Berlesiella nigerrima. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. F. Cannon
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Madhya Pradesh

Abstract A description is provided for Berlesiella nigerrima, parasitic on stromata of Cryptosphaeria lignyota growing on rotten twig of Salix capre. Some information on its morphological characteristics, associated organisms and substrata, dispersal and transmission, habitats and conservation status is given, along with details of its geographical distribution (Asia (India, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Taiwan), Europe (Austria, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Hungary, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Norway, Romania, Russia, Spain, Sweden, Ukraine, UK), North America (Canada, Ontario, USA, California, Florida, Georgia, Oregon, Tennessee), South America (Argentina)).

scholarly journals Phylogenomic insights into biogeographic diversification and character evolution of the Sino-Japanese disjunctive Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiurong Ke ◽  
Diego F Morales-Briones ◽  
Hongxin Wang ◽  
Qinghui Sun ◽  
Landis B Jacob ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Time Estimation ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Divergence Time Estimation ◽  
Network Analyses ◽  
Ancestral Area Reconstruction

Disjunctive distribution patterns and drivers of the Sino-Japanese flora in East Asia have attracted much attention in the past decades, which is also served as an important glacial sanctuary during the quaternary glacial period. However, few studies have focused on the phylogeography, diversification and evolution of morphological character at the genus level with both nuclear and plastid data. Diabelia (Caprifoliaceae) is an East Asian genus, with a disjunctive distribution across China, Japan and Korea, serving as an ideal group to explore the mechanism of East Asian flora speciation and diversification. However, the phylogenetic relationships among Diabelia remain elusive and species delimitation within the genus (three species or four species) are still controversial. In this study, we reconstructed the phylogenetic relationships among Diabelia based on nuclear and cpDNA by using target enrichment and genome skimming approaches, respectively. We found that the main clades within Diabelia were discordant between nuclear and plastid genome trees. Both nuclear and plastid phylogenetic analyses supported five main clades: D. serrata, D. tetrasepala, D. spathulata var. sanguinea, D. spathulata var. stenophylla and D. spathulata var. spathulata. Diabelia tetrasepala was inferred to be the result of a hybridization event from the species network analyses. The result of divergence time estimation and ancestral area reconstruction showed that Diabelia originated in Japan during the early Miocene, with subsequent gene flow between China, Japan and Korea. Overall, our results support the division of Diabelia into five main clades and this research provides new insights for the speciation process and taxonomy within Diabelia.

scholarly journals The historical biogeography of Mammalia

2011 ◽  
Vol 366 (1577) ◽  
pp. 2478-2502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark S. Springer ◽  
Robert W. Meredith ◽  
Jan E. Janecka ◽  
William J. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Ancestral Reconstruction ◽  
Ancestral Area ◽  
Mammal Fauna ◽  
Reconstruction Methods ◽  
Binary Coding ◽  
Single Character ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
Ancestral Area Reconstruction ◽  
History Of

Palaeobiogeographic reconstructions are underpinned by phylogenies, divergence times and ancestral area reconstructions, which together yield ancestral area chronograms that provide a basis for proposing and testing hypotheses of dispersal and vicariance. Methods for area coding include multi-state coding with a single character, binary coding with multiple characters and string coding. Ancestral reconstruction methods are divided into parsimony versus Bayesian/likelihood approaches. We compared nine methods for reconstructing ancestral areas for placental mammals. Ambiguous reconstructions were a problem for all methods. Important differences resulted from coding areas based on the geographical ranges of extant species versus the geographical provenance of the oldest fossil for each lineage. Africa and South America were reconstructed as the ancestral areas for Afrotheria and Xenarthra, respectively. Most methods reconstructed Eurasia as the ancestral area for Boreoeutheria, Euarchontoglires and Laurasiatheria. The coincidence of molecular dates for the separation of Afrotheria and Xenarthra at approximately 100 Ma with the plate tectonic sundering of Africa and South America hints at the importance of vicariance in the early history of Placentalia. Dispersal has also been important including the origins of Madagascar's endemic mammal fauna. Further studies will benefit from increased taxon sampling and the application of new ancestral area reconstruction methods.

scholarly journals PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS ANAlYSIS AND CURRENT GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTH AMERICAN CHARACIDAE (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIFORMES)

2011 ◽  
Vol 08 (16) ◽  
pp. 25-31
Author(s):  
Travis STUFF ◽  
Lucas Gonçalves SILVA
Keyword(s):  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Relationships ◽  
South American ◽  
Gene Sequences ◽  
Fish Family ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
Rag2 Gene ◽  
First Time

The fish family Characidae is one of the most diverse in number of species and poorly described from a phylogenetic standpoint. By analyzing RAG2 gene sequences of all representatives genera occurring in South America and query the databases of brazilian ichthyological collections, it was obtained a phylogeny of the genus and the patterns analysis of the geogrphical distribution of species in the major South America basins. The new phylogeny resolves groups which showed some uncertain phylogenetic relationships and, additionally, for the first time an analysis of geographical distribution of South American genera of Characidae is illustrated.

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