scholarly journals Ongoing revision of Echiniscoididae (Heterotardigrada: Echiniscoidea), with the description of a new interstitial species and genus with unique anal structures

2019 ◽  
Vol 188 (3) ◽  
pp. 663-680 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadja Møbjerg ◽  
Aslak Jørgensen ◽  
Reinhardt M Kristensen
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Coi Sequences

Abstract Marine tidal heterotardigrades (Echiniscoididae) have gained increasing interest owing to their unique adaptations and evolutionary position, bridging marine and limnoterrestrial taxa. Echiniscoididae was established to accommodate the marine genera Anisonyches and Echiniscoides. However, it has become apparent that Anisonyches, with its claw configuration, median cirrus and seminal receptacles, clearly has little or no affinity to tidal echiniscoidids with supernumerary claws. Consequently, we establish Anisonychidae fam. nov. to accommodate Anisonyches in a paraphyletic Arthrotardigrada and discuss its affinity to other heterotardigrade taxa. We recently split Echiniscoides into Isoechiniscoides and Echiniscoides s.l. The latter remains a miscellany of species complexes and undescribed genera, and it has become evident that a larger number of echiniscoidids belonging to Echiniscoides, Isoechiniscoides and undescribed genera coexist in intertidal sediments. Here, we erect Neoechiniscoides aski gen. nov., sp. nov. from Roscoff, France, which has a unique anal system, characterized by prominent lateral lobes with a set of wing-like structures. Phylogenetic analyses based on COI sequences infer a close relationship between N. aski, an undescribed species from Roscoff and unidentified species from Maine, USA. We propose that the new genus includes the former Echiniscoides species Echiniscoides pollocki and Echiniscoides horningi, which we hereby transfer.

Phylogenetic relationships of Australian Scirtidae (Coleoptera) based on mitochondrial and nuclear sequences

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 628 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. B. Cooper ◽  
Christopher H. S. Watts ◽  
Kathleen M. Saint ◽  
Remko Leijs
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Elongation Factor ◽  
Nuclear Gene ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Coi Sequences ◽  
Elongation Factor 1 ◽  
Combined Data

Scirtidae is a cosmopolitan group of beetles with aquatic or saproxylic larvae. A large diversity of species has recently been described from Australia, but their systematics is uncertain. There is evidence that current genera are polyphyletic and that Australian species were wrongly placed in northern hemisphere genera. Here we investigate the systematics of Australian Scirtidae using molecular phylogenetic analyses of combined data from the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) and nuclear gene elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) genes. We also assess the current taxonomy of Australian Scirtidae using partial COI sequences. Bayesian phylogenetic analyses of COI and EF1-α sequence data from 81 taxa show that the Australian genera Contacyphon, Pseudomicrocara and Prionocyphon are polyphyletic. There is no close relationship between Australian and Eurasian genera, with the exception of Scirtes. Phylogenetic analyses of partial COI data from Australian Scirtidae generally support the current α taxonomy, with the exception of several species that may be associated with species complexes. Geographically a high proportion of species lineages are restricted to relict patches of wet forest suggesting that they may be relict populations. The phylogeny and sequence data presented here provide a sound basis for further systematic and biogeographical studies of the Scirtidae.

Genetic differentiation in the nearly extinct harlequin frogs (Bufonidae: Atelopus), with emphasis on the Andean Atelopus ignescens and A. bomolochos species complexes

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2574 (1) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
JUAN M. GUAYASAMIN ◽  
ELISA BONACCORSO ◽  
WILLIAM E. DUELLMAN ◽  
LUIS A. COLOMA
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Evolutionary Relationships ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Geographic Isolation ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Unidentified Species ◽  
Two Populations ◽  
Mitochondrial Fragment

The evolutionary relationships of Andean harlequin frogs were studied, with emphasis on the Atelopus ignescens and A. bomolochos species complexes. Sampling included 53 individuals belonging to eight taxa and several unidentified species, for which a mitochondrial fragment (16S, tRNA-Leu, ND1, and tRNA-Ile; 1294 bp) was amplified. Bayesian and Maximum Likelihood analyses were used to obtain hypotheses of relationships. The resulting phylogeny indicates that the species complexes are non-monophyletic. Additionally, analyses support the presence of four or five undescribed species. Most of these populations and newly discovered lineages have not been recorded in several years and are presumed extinct, the exception being two populations of probably new taxa from mid-elevations in southeastern Ecuador found during recent field surveys. Although sampling is limited, geographic isolation is the most plausible cause of differentiation among populations and taxa.

Underestimated anuran radiations in the high Andes: five new species and a new genus of Holoadeninae, and their phylogenetic relationships (Anura: Craugastoridae)

2017 ◽  
Vol 182 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ignacio De la Riva ◽  
Juan C Chaparro ◽  
Santiago Castroviejo-Fisher ◽  
José M Padial
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species Diversity ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Distribution Patterns ◽  
Southern Peru ◽  
The Andes ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Taxonomic Research

AbstractDespite recent efforts to accelerate exploration and species description, the diversity of high Andean frogs remains highly underestimated. We report high levels of species diversity in direct-developing frogs or terraranas inhabiting the wet puna and adjacent cloud forests of the Amazonian versant of the Andes in Bolivia and Peru. Descriptive evidence of external morphology, distribution patterns and molecular phylogenetic analyses support the existence of nine unnamed species in two clades, which represents a 30% increase in species diversity for those clades. The relationships of these species and their relatives in Holoadeninae are tested using nuclear and mitochondrial genes for 159 terminals representing the 11 genera in this subfamily and 25 species of previously unknown relationships. Our results corroborate species monophyly in all but three cases and support the monophyly of all Holoadeninae genera, albeit the position of some differs between analyses. We propose a new genus (Microkayla gen. nov.) for the clade containing all Bolivian species formerly in Psychrophrynella plus five species from southern Peru. The new genus is monophyletic and supported by anatomical synapomorphies. Psychrophrynella is re-diagnosed and redefined to include three species from the Andes of southern Peru. We discuss the taxonomic instability associated with Noblella and Psychrophrynella due to the fact that the type species of both genera share a number of traits that support a close relationship. We also name and describe three new species of Bryophryne and two of Microkayla from Peru, provide baseline data for the future description of four Bolivian species of Microkayla, and describe the unknown mating calls of two species. Our results support that the grasslands of the Amazonian versant of the Andes harbour a large diversity of species with small altitudinal and horizontal distributions that replace each other along a latitudinal axis. These species belong to different lineages whose closest relatives are forest species, often from distant parts of the continent. These patterns suggest that high Andean environments were colonized several times independently by species with forest ancestors and which radiated into a multitude of species with remarkably similar ecomorphologies. The extent of these radiations remains obscured by a still rudimentary knowledge of species diversity due to insufficient fieldwork and taxonomic research.

New record of Hyphoderma etruriae (Basidiomycota) in Portugal and its combination in Lawrynomyces

Phytotaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 472 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-200
Author(s):  
ISABEL SALCEDO ◽  
IRENEIA MELO ◽  
IBAI OLARIAGA
Keyword(s):  
New Record ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
New Combination ◽  
Decayed Wood ◽  
Cupressus Lusitanica ◽  
Molecular Analyses ◽  
Close Relationship

Hyphoderma etruriae is a very rare corticioid species, described originally from Italy and more recently reported from Macedonia, always growing on decayed wood of Juniperus spp. It was now found in Lisbon, on a stump of Cupressus lusitanica. Several authors have suggested that H. etruriae could be related to Hyphoderma capitatum and Hyphoderma orphanellum, and molecular analyses confirmed that these three species belong to the Hymenochaetales and are thus not closely related to Hyphoderma s. str. species. The monospecific new genus Lawrynomyces was proposed, to accommodate H. capitatum. According to multigene phylogenetic analyses (18S, 5.8S, 28S, RPB2), H. etruriae is in a well-supported clade with H. capitatum, both species sharing clampless hyphae, capitate cystidia, and an association with conifers. On the contrary, results do not support a close relationship between H. orphanellum and the H. capitatum-H. etruriae clade. The new combination Lawrynomyces etruriae is proposed, based on these results.

Lollipopaia minuta from Thailand, a new genus and species of the Diaporthales (Ascomycetes, Fungi) based on morphological and molecular data

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (9) ◽  
pp. 1099-1106 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrik Inderbitzin ◽  
Mary L Berbee
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Bootstrap Support ◽  
New Genus And Species ◽  
Tropical Mycology ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Morphological And Molecular Data

In this paper, we describe the new genus and species Lollipopaia minuta from a tropical rain forest in Thailand. The ascomata were long beaked and seated on a pseudoparenchymatous stroma that was erumpent through the bark of a decaying branch. Mature ascomata were readily formed under laboratory conditions. Lollipopaia minuta had ascomatal walls forming a textura intricata in surface view and deliquescent paraphyses. The asci floated freely at maturity and had a nonstaining apical ring. These characters are found in the Diaporthales. However, the habit of the stroma combined with the filiform ascospores distinguished L. minuta from all known genera of the Diaporthales. Thus, a close relationship to taxa outside the Diaporthales was considered. Lollipopaia minuta was similar to Ophioceras or Pseudohalonectria in shape of the ascomata, asci, and ascospores. However, phylogenetic analyses based on small subunit ribosomal DNA sequences confirmed the placement of L. minuta within the Diaporthales with 100% bootstrap support. A closest relative within the Diaporthales was not determined.Key words: Magnaporthaceae, microfungi, taxonomy, tropical mycology.

Circinella simplex—a misapplied name of Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 329 (3) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIOGO X. LIMA ◽  
CRISTINA M. SOUZA-MOTTA ◽  
LYSETT WAGNER ◽  
KERSTIN VOIGT ◽  
CARLOS A. F. DE SOUZA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Original Description ◽  
Atlantic Rainforest ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Genus Mucor ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Sporangial Wall

Circinella (Mucorales, Mucoromycotina) is morphologically similar to Mucor, differing by the production of circinate sporangiophores and sporangia with a persistent and incrusted sporangial wall. During a study on the diversity of Mucorales in areas of the Atlantic Rainforest in Brazil, we isolated a strain that fits the current morphological concept of C. simplex of Hesseltine and Fennell (1955) by forming simple circinate sporangiophores with secondary branches and angular sporangiospores. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on three different markers (ITS, LSU and MCM7) confirmed conspecificity of the Brazilian strain with other angular spored strains of the CBS collection including the strain studied by Hesseltine & Fennell (1955). The molecular phylogenetic analyses clearly placed these strains in the genus Mucor in the close relationship to M. laxorrhizus and M. fuscus. However, in his original description van Tieghem (1875) described and illustrated C. simplex with sporangiophores without secondary branches and globose sporangiospores. Based on these striking morphological differences combined with a differing geographic distribution, we conclude that the angular-spored strains represent a separate undescribed species for which we propose the name Mucor circinatus sp. nov.

Scheloribates Berlese and Megascheloribates gen. nov. from southeastern Australia, with comments on Scheloribatidae (Acarida : Cryptostigmata : Oriopodoidea)

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 205
Author(s):  
DC Lee ◽  
GA Pajak
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
New South ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Ecological Indicators ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Southeastern Australia ◽  
South Wales ◽  
Species Complexes ◽  
Unidentified Species

The cosmopolitan oribate mite genus Scheloribates Berlese, 1908 and the Scheloribatidae Grandjean, 1933 are redefined and a new genus, Megascheloribates, is established. Previous scheloribatid records (all unidentified species of Scheloribates) from Australia are reviewed. Records of Megascheloribates, Scheloribates and Setobates Balogh, 1962, from nine florally diverse sites in South Australia, are listed to indicate their possible value as ecological indicators. Records are given of two unidentified Scheloribates species as intermediate hosts of anoplocephalid tapeworms in New South Wales and Victoria indicating that species vary in their susceptibility to infestation. Eleven new species from eight sites in South Australia are described, grouped in three species-complexes of Scheloribates and in Megascheloribates as follows: Scheloribates eusetosus-complex – S. eusetosus, S. brevipodus, S. diforamenatus, S. nanus, S. parabrevipodus, S, parananus; Scheloribates crassipodus-complex – S. crassipodus; Scheloribates heterosetosus-complex – S. hetersetosus, S. unisetosus; Megascheloribates, gen. nov. – M. microsetosus, M. calcaratus. A key is given to distinguish Australian genera of Scheloribatidae and species of Megascheloribates and Scheloribates. Some morphological characters, including leg size and shape, are considered. New synonymies are proposed as follows: Hemileiidae Balogh & Balogh, 1984 under Scheloribatidae; Neoscheloribates Hammer, 1973 and Semischeloribates Hammer, 1973 under Scheloribates; Propescheloribates Jacot, 1936 under Styloribates Jacot, 1934b. The synonymy of Styloribates under Muliercula Coetzer, 1968 by Coetzer, 1968 is revoked. New combinations, previously with Scheloribates, are proposed as follows: Megascheloribates anzacensis (Hammer, 1961); M. giganteus (Hammer, 1967); M. maximus (Balogh, 1962); M. microclava (Balogh, 1962); M. rostrodentatus (Hammer, 1977); Perscheloribates conjuges (Hammer, 1967); P. keriensis (Hammer, 1967); P. monodactylus (Zandalinas, 1987).

Latronema whataitai sp. n. (Nematoda: Selachinematidae) from intertidal sediments of New Zealand, with notes on relationships within the family based on preliminary 18S and D2-D3 phylogenetic analyses

Nematology ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (8) ◽  
pp. 941-952 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Leduc ◽  
Zeng Zhao
Keyword(s):  
New Zealand ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Large Subunit ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Intertidal Sediments ◽  
Molecular Sequences ◽  
Close Relationship ◽  
Central Tooth ◽  
Family Based

Latronema whataitai sp. n. is described from intertidal sediments of Hataitai Beach, North Island of New Zealand, and its placement within the Selachinematidae investigated using 18S and D2-D3 molecular sequences. Latronema whataitai sp. n. is characterised by relatively slender body (a = 22-25), outer labial setae and cephalic setae of similar length, anterior buccal cavity with three sets of seven teeth with larger central tooth positioned above the other six, circular amphid with faint outline, males with 12-13 precloacal supplements and spicules with pointed projection near distal end, and tail 2.0-2.6 anal body diam. long. The cuticle ultrastructure of the genus is investigated for the first time using scanning electron microscopy. Molecular phylogenies of near full length small subunit and D2-D3 expansion segments of the large subunit rRNA genes do not provide support for the division of Selachinematidae into the subfamilies Selachinematinae and Choniolaiminae, and do not support a close relationship between Latronema and Richtersia despite some morphological similarities. These preliminary results are based on a small number of molecular sequences, and therefore the current morphology-based classification remains the most tractable system for the Selachinematidae until more comprehensive analyses are conducted.

Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp. (Hymenoptera: Chalcidoidea, Eurytomidae), new Rileyinae associated with Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) from Colombia

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4471 (1) ◽  
pp. 111
Author(s):  
VÍCTOR CUESTA-PORTA ◽  
GUADALUPE CAICEDO ◽  
PAUL HANSON ◽  
JULI PUJADE-VILLAR
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Molecular Data ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Phylogenetic Studies ◽  
Neotropical Fauna ◽  
A New Species

The Neotropical fauna of Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera) is poorly known, with numerous undescribed species and even genera. Here, we describe a new genus that also includes a new species that parasitizes Eurytominae gall-formers in fruits of Myrcianthes (Myrtaceae) in Colombia. Its conspicuous morphology supports the description of a new eurytomid genus and species, Gatesina colombiana n. gen. & n. sp., belonging to the subfamily Rileyinae. Phylogenetic studies using two matrices of morphological characters as well as molecular data confirm this result. The position of the new genus is close to Neorileya Ashmead according to the phylogenetic analyses. 

Halonatospora gen. nov. with H. pansihalos comb. nov. and Glomus bareae sp. nov. (Glomeromycota; Glomeraceae)

Botany ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 96 (11) ◽  
pp. 737-748 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Błaszkowski ◽  
Piotr Niezgoda ◽  
Bruno T. Goto ◽  
Anna Kozłowska
Keyword(s):  
New Genus ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Ammophila Arenaria ◽  
Rpb1 Gene ◽  
Lsu Nrdna ◽  
North Western

We established single-species pot cultures of the former Glomus pansihalos, a member of the Glomeraceae, and obtained sequences of the SSU–ITS–LSU nrDNA segment and the RPB1 gene of the species. Phylogenetic analyses of the sequences indicated that G. pansihalos represents a separate clade at the rank of genus in the Glomeraceae. Consequently, the new genus was named Halonatospora, and G. pansihalos was renamed Halonatospora pansihalos comb. nov. We also grew an AMF that produced clusters with glomoid spores in single-species cultures and obtained SSU–ITS–LSU and RPB1 sequences of the fungus. Studies of pot cultures, morphological and histochemical characters of the spores, as well as phylogenetic analyses of the sequences proved that it is an undescribed species of the genus Glomus sensu stricto, which is associated with roots of Ammophila arenaria colonizing maritime sand dunes located in north-western Poland.

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