A new species Danaea (Marattiaceae) from the Atlantic forests of Brazil

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 356 (3) ◽  
pp. 226
Author(s):  
MAARTEN J. M. CHRISTENHUSZ ◽  
ERTON M. ALMEIDA ◽  
LEONARDO P. FELIX
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
The Past ◽  
Important Link ◽  
The Family ◽  
Land Plant Evolution ◽  
A New Species

With a long fossil history (Taylor, Taylor & Krings 2009), Marattiaceae are among the earliest lineages of vascular land plants and are an important link to understanding land plant evolution. The family currently has a pantropical distribution, but was more widely distributed in the past. In the neotropics the family is represented by the genera Marattia Swartz (1788: 128), Eupodium Smith (1841: 190) and Danaea Smith (1793: 420). An additional three genera are found in the paleotropics and in total the family has an estimated 135 known species (Christenhusz & Byng 2016).

Age of the Cedarberg Formation, South Africa and early land plant evolution

1986 ◽  
Vol 123 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gray ◽  
J. N. Theron ◽  
A. J. Boucot
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Marine Phytoplankton ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Table Mountain ◽  
Plant Remains ◽  
First Occurrence ◽  
Land Plant Evolution ◽  
Early Land

AbstractThe first occurrence of Early Paleozoic land plants is reported from South Africa. The plant remains are small, compact tetrahedral spore tetrads. They occur abundantly in the Soom Shale Member of the Cedarberg Formation, Table Mountain Group. Marine? phytoplankton (sphaeromorphs or leiospheres) occur with the spore tetrads in all samples. Rare chitinozoans are found in half the samples. Together with similar spore tetrads from the Paraná Basin (Gray et al. 1985) these are the first well-documented records of Ashgill and/or earlier Llandovery land plants from the Malvinokaffric Realm, and from the African continent south of Libya. These spore tetrads have botanical, evolutionary, and biogeographic significance. Their size in comparison with spore tetrads from stratigraphic sections throughout eastern North America, suggests that an earliest Llandovery age is more probable for the Soom Shale Member, although a latest Ordovician age cannot be discounted. The age of the brachiopods in the overlying Disa Siltstone Member has been in contention for over a decade. Both Ashgillian and Early Llandovery ages have been proposed. The age of the underlying Soom Shale Member based on plant spores and trilobites (earliest Llandovery or latest Ashgillian) suggests that the Disa Siltstone Member is also likely to be of Early Llandovery age, although the distance between the Soom Shale Member spore-bearing locality and rocks to the south yielding abundant invertebrate body fossils at one locality is great enough to permit diachroneity.

scholarly journals Revision of the genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen, 2009 (Tetractinellida: Phymaraphiniidae) with description of a new species from the Atlantic Ocean

Zootaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4613 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCISCA C. CARVALHO ◽  
ANDRZEJ PISERA
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Past ◽  
Phylogenetic Reconstructions ◽  
The Family ◽  
Long Time ◽  
New Material ◽  
Northeast Atlantic Ocean ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
A New Species

Phymaraphiniidae Schrammen 1924 (Porifera: Astrophorina) is a family of lithistid demosponges that has received little attention in the past decades. The systematic problems within this family have not been addressed for a long time due to the absence of new records and material. The genus Exsuperantia Özdikmen 2009 was first described by Schmidt (1879) as Rimella to allocate the species Rimella clava, found in the Caribbean. In 1892, Topsent found what he thought to be the same species described by Schmidt in the Azores, and synonymized it with Racodiscula clava, as he thought this species belonged to the family Theonellidae Lendenfeld 1903. However, Rimella and Racodiscula belong to distinct families: Rimella to Phymaraphiniidae, and Racodiscula to Theonellidae. Due to the fact that the genus Rimella was already preoccupied by a gastropod, it was renamed as Exsuperantia. In result of the poor preservation of Schmidt’s material and the absence of new specimens, the attribution of Topsent’s specimens to the family level remained obscure. Here, we review the genus Exsuperantia based on the analysis of new material recently collected during various research expeditions in the northeast Atlantic Ocean. The comparison of these new specimens with Schmidt’s and Topsent’s type material, allowed us to assign Topsent’s specimens to a new species, Exsuperantia archipelagus sp. nov., and confirm its attribution to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae). Phylogenetic reconstructions using newly generated sequences of the cytochrome subunit (COI) marker also support the assignment of the new species to the family Phymaraphiniidae (not Theonellidae). 

Studies on the Family Opisthorchiidaæ Braun, 1901, with a description of a New Species of Opisthorchis from a Sarus Crane (Antigone antigone)

1927 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 89-104 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. O. Morgan
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Minor Importance ◽  
New Genera ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

The classification of the Trematode family Opisthorchiidæ presents some difficulties to the systematist. These difficulties arise partly from the fact that a number of the existing species appear to lack any real morphological characters by which they can be differentiated, slight variations in measurements, together with a difference in host, having been considered sufficient to justify the making of new species. This view has resulted in the placing of undue importance on somewhat minor differences when they do occur in other species, such differences being considered sufficient for creating new genera.The systematist is further confronted with the difficulty of forming definite opinions on the systematic position of some of the species made by earlier workers. Their descriptions and figures are often inadequate owing to the fact that characters which, in the past, were considered of minor importance are now given much closer attention. Examples of the confusion which has arisen from such a position will be referred to in this paper.

Peliosanthes revoluta (Asparagaceae), a new species from limestone areas in southwestern Guangxi, China

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 418 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-111
Author(s):  
DONG-XIN NONG ◽  
YUE-YING XIE ◽  
FANG KE ◽  
LI-YING YU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Close Study ◽  
A New Species

The genus Peliosanthes Andrews (1810: 605) belonging to the family Asparagaceae is represented by more than 70 species in tropical and subtropical Asia (IPNI 2019). In the past 15 years many species have been discovered and described from China, Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam (Tanaka 2004, Tamura et al. 2008, Averyanov & Tanaka 2012, Averyanov et al. 2013, 2015a, 2015b, 2017, Nguyen et al. 2017, Roy et al. 2017, Vislobokov 2016, Vislobokov et al. 2018). In September 2015, we collected plants of Peliosanthes growing in shadow, primary broad-leaved evergreen forests on rocky limestone mountains in southwestern Guangxi, China. They had fasciculate flowers in the axils and hence appears to be closely allied to P. teta Andrews (1810: 605), but after a close study, we found them differ clearly from the former in many significant diagnostic characters. We therefore consider the plants to represent an undescribed species and name them here.

scholarly journals The timescale of early land plant evolution

2018 ◽  
Vol 115 (10) ◽  
pp. E2274-E2283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer L. Morris ◽  
Mark N. Puttick ◽  
James W. Clark ◽  
Dianne Edwards ◽  
Paul Kenrick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Clock ◽  
Fossil Record ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Early Land Plant ◽  
Land Plant Evolution ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Earth’S System ◽  
Early Land

Establishing the timescale of early land plant evolution is essential for testing hypotheses on the coevolution of land plants and Earth’s System. The sparseness of early land plant megafossils and stratigraphic controls on their distribution make the fossil record an unreliable guide, leaving only the molecular clock. However, the application of molecular clock methodology is challenged by the current impasse in attempts to resolve the evolutionary relationships among the living bryophytes and tracheophytes. Here, we establish a timescale for early land plant evolution that integrates over topological uncertainty by exploring the impact of competing hypotheses on bryophyte−tracheophyte relationships, among other variables, on divergence time estimation. We codify 37 fossil calibrations for Viridiplantae following best practice. We apply these calibrations in a Bayesian relaxed molecular clock analysis of a phylogenomic dataset encompassing the diversity of Embryophyta and their relatives within Viridiplantae. Topology and dataset sizes have little impact on age estimates, with greater differences among alternative clock models and calibration strategies. For all analyses, a Cambrian origin of Embryophyta is recovered with highest probability. The estimated ages for crown tracheophytes range from Late Ordovician to late Silurian. This timescale implies an early establishment of terrestrial ecosystems by land plants that is in close accord with recent estimates for the origin of terrestrial animal lineages. Biogeochemical models that are constrained by the fossil record of early land plants, or attempt to explain their impact, must consider the implications of a much earlier, middle Cambrian–Early Ordovician, origin.

Resurrection of genus Nidirana (Anura: Ranidae) and synonymizing N. caldwelli with N. adenopleura, with description of a new species from China

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 483-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhi-Tong Lyu ◽  
Zhao-Chi Zeng ◽  
Jian Wang ◽  
Chao-Yu Lin ◽  
Zu-Yao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Advertisement Call ◽  
Morphological Comparison ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Significant Divergence ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
A New Species

The taxonomy of Babina sensu lato was controversial in the past decades. In this study, the phylogeny of genus Babina sensu lato was re-constructed based on genetic analysis, morphological comparison and advertisement call analysis. We found that Babina sensu stricto and previous subgenus Nidirana should be two distinct genera in the family Ranidae. N. caldwelli is confirmed to be a synonym of N. adenopleura because of the small genetic divergence and the lack of distinct morphological differences. A new species, Nidirana nankunensis sp. nov. is described based on a series of specimens collected from Mt. Nankun, Guangdong Province, China, which can be distinguished from other known congeners by having a behavior of nest construction, distinctive advertisement calls, significant divergence in the mitochondrial genes, and a combination of morphological characters. Currently, the genus Babina contains two species and the genus Nidirana contains eight species.

scholarly journals Psorosa mediterranella (Amsel, 1954) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae, Phycitinae) – a new species for the Croatian pyraloid moth fauna, with an updated checklist

2021 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-52
Author(s):  
Danijela Gumhalter ◽  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Species List ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Family ◽  
Nature Park ◽  
Lepidoptera Pyralidae ◽  
Moth Species ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

From 2016 to 2020 numerous surveys were undertaken to improve the knowledge of the pyraloid moth fauna of Biokovo Nature Park. On August 27th, 2020 one specimen of Psorosa mediterranella (Amsel, 1954) from the family Pyralidae was collected on a small meadow (985 m a.s.l.) on Mt Biokovo. In this paper, the first data about the occurrence of this species in Croatia are presented. The previous mention in the literature for Croatia was considered to be a misidentification of the past and has thus not been included in the checklist of Croatian pyraloid moth species. P. mediterranella was recorded for the first time in Croatia in recent investigations and, after other additions to the checklist have been counted, is the 396th species in the Croatian pyraloid moth fauna. An overview of the overall pyraloid moth fauna of Croatia is given in the updated species list.

Land plant evolution decreased, rather than increased, weathering rates

Geology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P. D’Antonio ◽  
Daniel E. Ibarra ◽  
C. Kevin Boyce
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Cycle ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Silicate Weathering ◽  
Weathering Rates ◽  
Carbon Burial ◽  
Land Plant Evolution ◽  
Volcanic Outgassing

Abstract The repeated evolution of trees is widely thought to have enhanced the capacity of silicate weathering via the impact of deep rooting. However, land plants are also responsible for wetland assembly and organic carbon burial. The total burial output of carbon via both organic and inorganic deposition must balance input to the exogenic system from volcanic outgassing on million-year time scales. Increased partitioning of carbon burial toward organic carbon and away from inorganic carbon reduces the marine carbonate burial flux, necessitating a lowered total flux of alkalinity to the oceans to maintain mass balance in the Earth’s surface carbon cycle. This flux includes the nutrient delivery from the terrestrial vegetation implicated as a driver of marine evolution, extinction, and environmental change including anoxia and black shale formation. Here, the burial of terrestrial organic carbon, first substantially in the Devonian and continuing through to the present, is argued to require a reduction in silicate weathering rates when compared to earlier times, given the independence of volcanic outgassing from weathering on short time scales. Land plants still may cause reductions in steady-state atmospheric CO2 levels, but via increasing the silicate weathering feedback strength, not silicate weathering rates. The mass-balance constraints on the long-term carbon cycle provide a mechanism for linking how land plant evolution simultaneously increased nutrient recycling and weathering efficiency of the Earth’s surface.

scholarly journals The evolution of land plants: a perspective from horizontal gene transfer

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qia Wang ◽  
Hang Sun ◽  
Jinling Huang
Keyword(s):  
Gene Transfer ◽  
Horizontal Gene Transfer ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Plant Colonization ◽  
Mitochondrial Genome Evolution ◽  
Land Plant Evolution ◽  
Colonization Of Land

Recent studies suggest that horizontal gene transfer (HGT) played a significant role in the evolution of eukaryotic lineages. We here review the mechanisms of HGT in plants and the importance of HGT in land plant evolution. In particular, we discuss the role of HGT in plant colonization of land, phototropic response, C<sub>4</sub> photosynthesis, and mitochondrial genome evolution.

scholarly journals Origin of gibberellin-dependent transcriptional regulation by molecular exploitation of a transactivation domain in DELLA proteins

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Hernández-García ◽  
Asier Briones-Moreno ◽  
Renaud Dumas ◽  
Miguel A. Blázquez
Keyword(s):  
Vascular Plants ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Land Plant ◽  
Plant Evolution ◽  
Land Plants ◽  
Transactivation Domain ◽  
Della Proteins ◽  
Co Activation ◽  
Duplication Events ◽  
Land Plant Evolution

AbstractDELLA proteins are land-plant specific transcriptional regulators known to interact through their C-terminal GRAS domain with over 150 transcription factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. Besides, DELLAs from vascular plants can interact through the N-terminal domain with the gibberellin receptor encoded by GID1, through which gibberellins promote DELLA degradation. However, this regulation is absent in non-vascular land plants, which lack active gibberellins or a proper GID1 receptor. Current knowledge indicates that DELLAs are important pieces of the signalling machinery of vascular plants, especially angiosperms, but nothing is known about DELLA function during early land plant evolution or if they exist at all in charophytan algae. We have now elucidated the evolutionary origin of DELLA proteins, showing that algal GRAS proteins are monophyletic and evolved independently from those of land plants, which explains why there are no DELLAs outside land plants. DELLA genes have been maintained throughout land plant evolution with only two major duplication events kept among plants. Furthermore, we show that the features needed for DELLA interaction with the receptor were already present in the ancestor of all land plants, and propose that these DELLA N-terminal motifs have been tightly conserved in non-vascular land plants for their function in transcriptional co-activation, which allowed subsequent exaptation for the interaction with the GID1 receptor when vascular plants developed gibberellin synthesis and the corresponding perception module.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document