Rediscovery and supplemental description of Paris birmanica (Melanthiaceae), a species endemic to Myanmar

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 391 (3) ◽  
pp. 240
Author(s):  
JUN YANG ◽  
XUE-FEI YANG ◽  
THAUNG-NAING OO ◽  
YUE-HU WANG ◽  
HENG LI
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Perennial Herbs

Paris Linnaeus (1753: 367) comprises 30 species of perennial herbs, distributed in Eurasia, and the center of distribution is the Himalayan-Hengduan Mountion area (Li et al. 1998, Osaloo & Kawano 1999, Liang & Soukup 2000, Li et al. 2017, Ji et al. 2017, Wang et al. 2017, Yang et al. 2018, Liu et al. 2018). Many are medicinal plants. Paris birmanica, described in Daiswa by Takhtajan (1983), was transferred to Paris by Li & Noltie (1997). It was also noted (Li et al. 1997, Li et al. 1998) that P. birmanica is endemic to Myanmar. However, since the type specimens were collected in the 1920s, P. birmanica had not been sighted by botanists, which left the morphological characteristics of this species without detailed description of its rhizome, ovary and ovules.

Revision of Batrachospermum sections Acarposporophytum and Aristata (Batrachospermales, Rhodophyta) with the establishment of the new genera Acarposporophycos and Visia

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 395 (2) ◽  
pp. 51 ◽  
Author(s):  
ORLANDO NECCHI JR ◽  
AURO GARCIA FILHO ◽  
MONICA O. PAIANO
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
Dna Sequence Data ◽  
Cell Layers

Sections of the paraphyletic genus Batrachospermum have been recently investigated using molecular (DNA sequence data) and morphological evidence. Some sections have been recognized as distinct genera in order to resolve paraphyly. Batrachospermum species of sections Acarposporophytum and Aristata are showed to form well-supported clades and, in this study, we propose to raise them to the generic level, Acarposporophycos gen. nov. and Visia gen. nov., respectively. In addition, we re-evaluated the characters used to circumscribe species by reexamining type specimens as well as new collections. Acarposporophycos, with the sole species A. brasiliensis, is characterized by the lack of carposporophytic stage, with the fertilized carpogonia germinating to form directly the filaments of the ‘Chantransia’ stage on the gametophyte. Of the five previously accepted species in the genus Visia, we recognize four species: V. cayennensis—type species (synonym Batrachospermum beraense), V. cylindrocellularis, V. longiarticulata and V. turgida. The species are circumscribed on the basis of morphological characteristics (shape and cell layers of primary fascicles, occurrence of secondary fascicles, post-fertilization development of carpogonia) and DNA sequence data (rbcL and COI-5P). Specimens described as Visia cayennensis from Australia and Brazil had a high sequence divergence in comparison to those from or near the type locality (French Guiana), and are here referred to as Visia spp. Further studies are recommended to better discriminate these morphologically similar species on a broad geographical scale and define their status at the species level. Descriptions, identification key and photomicrographs are presented for each recognized species.

Two new species in the genus Phoxokalliapseudes Drumm & Heard, 2011 (Crustacea: Tanaidacea: Kalliapseudidae) from the southwestern and southern coasts of Korea

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4231 (3) ◽  
pp. 341 ◽  
Author(s):  
JIN HEE WI ◽  
CHANG-KEUN KANG ◽  
HO YOUNG SOH
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Size Range ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Fixed Size ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Comprehensive Comparison ◽  
Morphological Differences

Two new species of Phoxokalliapseudes from the southwestern and southern coasts of Korea are described. Phoxokalliapseudes aculeatus n. sp. is distinguished by the two robust spiniform setae on the ventral margin of the cheliped basis, pereonites 2–6 each with a hyposphaenium and small spinules, and the setiferous lobe on the mandibles with different numbers of serrated spiniform setae in the female and male (five and six, respectively). Phoxokalliapseudes cinctus n. sp. can be distinguished by the propodus of the male cheliped with the largest length to width ratio (2.5: 1) of the genus, and the fixed finger with small denticles on the cutting edge and near the insertion of the dactylus. The female has the largest dactylus to propodus length ratio of pereopod 6 in the genus. Only four species of Phoxokalliapseudes have been described or redescribed previously, of which some exhibit morphological differences with the type specimens, possibly indicating additional new species. To minimize identification difficulties caused by morphometric variations in developmental stages, the morphological characteristics of the new species are described in detail for a fixed size range and compared to different-sized individuals. Additionally, a comprehensive comparison of the new Phoxokalliapseudes species with the other known species is provided and discussed. 

scholarly journals Unravelling the convoluted nomenclature of Marphysa simplex (Annelida, Eunicidae) with the proposal of a new name and the re-description of species

2021 ◽  
Vol 97 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-139
Author(s):  
Isabel Cristina Molina-Acevedo ◽  
Izwandy Idris
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
The Other ◽  
Anterior Region ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
New Name ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Group A ◽  
Taxonomic Confusion

Marphysa simplex is a name that three species bear within the same genus, but each has a different authority and morphological characteristics. This homonymy condition leads to taxonomic confusion and the finite designation of name-bearing is imperative. The current study focuses on two species identified as M. simplex Crossland, 1903 and M. simplex Treadwell, 1922 and a third one, recently considered a secondary homonymy, M. simplex (Langerhans, 1884), is also assessed. The available type specimens were examined and re-described in detail using updated characters and the original descriptions. Marphysa simplex (Langerhans, 1884) is herein judged as an indeterminable species. Marphysa simplex Crossland, 1903 is confirmed as a junior synonym of M. teretiuscula (Schmarda, 1861a) because the differences are minimal. Moreover, M. teretiuscula has characteristics similar to Group B2 (Sanguinea-group; only compound spinigers), instead of the Teretiuscula-group (compound spinigers in the anterior region, subacicular limbate in all chaetigers). On the other hand, M. simplex Treadwell, 1922 is a junior primary homonym of Crossland’s species replaced by M. fijiensisnom. nov. with the chaetal arrangement similar to Group A (limbate chaetae only). In conclusion, the name M. simplex is now unacceptable. The hypothesis on species group only with limbate chaetae and the redescription on M. teretiuscula is also given.

scholarly journals Study on Morphological and Microscopic Characteristics of Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr. in Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Thanh Huyen ◽  
Nguyen Quynh Nga ◽  
Pham Thi Ngoc ◽  
Lai Viet Hung ◽  
Phan Van Truong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Publishing House ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Morphology ◽  
Botanical Garden ◽  
Gastric Ulcers ◽  
Biological Resources ◽  
Natural Product Research ◽  
Medicinal Powder

Sam bo chinh (Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr.) is a precious medicinal plant that has been exploited and planted in Vietnam for a long time. However, the morphological characteristics of this plant is easy to confuse with other species of the same genus. In addition, the microscopic characteristics and medicinal powder composition of this medicinal plant have not been comprehensively described. The present investigation was aimed to determine the morphological and microscopic characters of Sam bo chinh using comparative morphology, anatomical research and medicinal powder analysis. The complete description of morphological and microscopic characteristics reported in this study will serve as valuable data for the conservation and development of this species in Vietnam. Keywords Morphology, microscopic characteristics, medicinal plant, Abelmoschus sagittifolius. References [1] The International Plant Names Index and World Checklist of Selected Plant Families 2021, http://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:558042-1, (accessed on: 7th May 2021).[2] P. H. Ho, Medicinal Plants in Vietnam, Tre Publishing House, Ho Chi Minh, 2006, pp. 112 (in Vietnamese).[3] D. H. Bich et al., Medicinal Plants and Medicinal Animals in Vietnam, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006, pp. 690-693 (in Vietnamese).[4] Ministry of Health, Vietnamese Pharmacopoeia V, Medical Publishing House, Hanoi, 2018, pp. 1310-1311 (in Vietnamese).[5] G. L. D. Chen, Y. Y. Liu, G. X. Ma, W. Zheng, X. B. Sun, X. D. Xu, A New Cadinane Sesquiterpenoid Glucoside with Cytotoxicity from Abelmoschus sagittifolius, Natural Product Research, Vol. 33, 2019, pp. 1699-1704, https://doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2018.1431635.[6] D. T. Vui, Study Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Effects towards The Treatment Gastric Ulcers of The Roots of Abelmoschus sagittifolius (Kurz) Merr. Malvaceae, Doctoral Thesis, National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, 2007 (in Vietnamese).[7] D. T. Xuyen, Some New Information on The Genus Abelmoschus Medic. in Vietnam, Scientific Report on Ecology and Biological Resources, The First National Conference, Institute of Ecology and Biological Resources, Hanoi, 2005 (in Vietnamese).[8] N. N. Thin, Methods of Plant Research, Vietnam National University Press, Hanoi, 2007 (in Vietnamese).[9] N. Ba, Plant Morphology, Vietnam Education Publishing House, Hanoi, 2006 (in Vietnamese).[10] N. V. Than, Testing Medicinal Herbs by Microscopic Method, Science and Technics Publishing House, Hanoi, 2003 (in Vietnamese).[11] P. H. Raven, H. D. W. Zhengyi, Flora of China, Science Press (Beijing) & Missouri Botanical Garden (St. Louis), China and USA, 2007, pp. 283-285.[12] Abelmoschus moschatus (L.) Medik, http://uphcm.edu.vn/caythuoc/index.php?q=book/export/html/298, (accessed on: May 25th, 2020) (in Vietnamese)

scholarly journals Toward a Natural Classification of Botryosphaeriaceae: A Study of the Type Specimens of Botryosphaeria sensu lato

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ying Zhang ◽  
Yupei Zhou ◽  
Wei Sun ◽  
Lili Zhao ◽  
D. Pavlic-Zupanc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequence ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Phylogenetic Position ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Natural Classification ◽  
Dna Sequence Data

The genus Botryosphaeria includes more than 200 epithets, but only the type species, Botryosphaeria dothidea and a dozen or more other species have been identified based on DNA sequence data. The taxonomic status of the other species remains unconfirmed because they lack either morphological information or DNA sequence data. In this study, types or authentic specimens of 16 “Botryosphaeria” species are reassessed to clarify their identity and phylogenetic position. nuDNA sequences of four regions, ITS, LSU, tef1-α and tub2, are analyzed and considered in combination with morphological characteristics. Based on the multigene phylogeny and morphological characters, Botryosphaeria cruenta and Botryosphaeria hamamelidis are transferred to Neofusicoccum. The generic status of Botryosphaeria aterrima and Botryosphaeria mirabile is confirmed in Botryosphaeria. Botryosphaeria berengeriana var. weigeliae and B. berengeriana var. acerina are treated synonyms of B. dothidea. Botryosphaeria mucosa is transferred to Neodeightonia as Neodeightonia mucosa, and Botryosphaeria ferruginea to Nothophoma as Nothophoma ferruginea. Botryosphaeria foliicola is reduced to synonymy with Phyllachorella micheliae. Botryosphaeria abuensis, Botryosphaeria aesculi, Botryosphaeria dasylirii, and Botryosphaeria wisteriae are tentatively kept in Botryosphaeria sensu stricto until further phylogenetic analysis is carried out on verified specimens. The ordinal status of Botryosphaeria apocyni, Botryosphaeria gaubae, and Botryosphaeria smilacinina cannot be determined, and tentatively accommodate these species in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. The study demonstrates the significance of a polyphasic approach in characterizing type specimens, including the importance of using of DNA sequence data.

scholarly journals Effect of Polyploidy Induction on Natural Metabolite Production in Medicinal Plants

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 899
Author(s):  
Hadi Madani ◽  
Ainoa Escrich ◽  
Bahman Hosseini ◽  
Raul Sanchez-Muñoz ◽  
Abbas Khojasteh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chromosome Doubling ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Plant Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Herbal Medicines ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Metabolite Production ◽  
Induction Process ◽  
Increasing Demand ◽  
Natural Metabolite

Polyploidy plays an important role in plant diversification and speciation. The ploidy level of plants is associated with morphological and biochemical characteristics, and its modification has been used as a strategy to alter the quantitative and qualitative patterns of secondary metabolite production in different medicinal plants. Polyploidization can be induced by many anti-mitotic agents, among which colchicine, oryzalin, and trifluralin are the most common. Other variables involved in the induction process include the culture media, explant types, and exposure times. Due to the effects of polyploidization on plant growth and development, chromosome doubling has been applied in plant breeding to increase the levels of target compounds and improve morphological characteristics. Prompted by the importance of herbal medicines and the increasing demand for drugs based on plant secondary metabolites, this review presents an overview of how polyploidy can be used to enhance metabolite production in medicinal plants.

scholarly journals Resurrection of Porites hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907; a Hawaiian coral obscured by small size, cryptic habitat, and confused taxonomy

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2624 (1) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
ZAC H. FORSMAN ◽  
JONATHAN A. MARTINEZ ◽  
JIM E. MARAGOS ◽  
ROBERT J. TOONEN
Keyword(s):  
Colony Size ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Junior Synonym ◽  
Marshall Islands ◽  
Coralline Algae ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
Life History Characteristic ◽  
Small Patch

The purpose of this note is to propose recognition of Porites hawaiiensis Vaughan, 1907, (Figure 1A–D) a species currently regarded as a junior synonym of Porites rus (Forskål 1775), as a valid species, based on molecular and morphological characteristics. Vaughan (1907 p. 217, pl 91 figs 2, 2a) described Porites (Synaraea) hawaiiensis from a specimen collected from Kalihi Harbor on the island of O‘ahu, Hawai‘i (Figure 1 C). Porites (Synarea) hawaiiensis was also reported from the Marshall Islands by Wells (1954 p. 455, pl 170 figs 6,7). Porites hawaiiensis was subsequently thought to be a junior synonym of Porites (Synaraea) convexa Verrill, 1864, due to the small calices that are characteristic of the subgenus Synaraea (Maragos 1977). Later both species were made synonyms of P. (Synaraea) rus, Forskål 1775 (Veron & Pichon 1982; Cairns 1991). Vaughan, 1907 described the calices of P. hawaiiensis as “densely spinulose” with “coenchyma” equaling, or exceeding the 0.5 mm diameter of the calices, and a pitted star shaped space between the pali (Figure 1C,D). In the absence of living specimens, the Vaughan, 1907 type specimen was difficult to distinguish from newly settled P. rus colonies, but upon closer examination in the field, Maragos et al. (2004) recognized small coral colonies that appeared to match the description of P. hawaiiensis. This species can readily be distinguished from Porites rus and other Porites by very small colony size (<10cm), mottled yellow and green-brown coloration, encrusting form, and thicket of spiny denticles between distantly spaced corallites (Figure 1A–D). Genetic data from Forsman et al. 2009 confirmed that this small ‘patch coral’ is distinct from P. rus (n = 3 of each species; uncorrected pair-wise distance; mtCOI = 0.5% ± 0.2 SE; mtCR = 0.7%, and nuclear ITS = 14.2 % ± 1.3 SE), and is also distinct from all other Hawaiian congeners. The genetic data further indicated that ‘Synaraea’ was surprisingly closely related to other Poritids and may not warrant sub-genus status (Forsman et al. 2009). Fenner (2005) referred to this same small ‘patch coral’ as Porites cf. bernardi, however; P. bernardi Vaughan, 1907 type specimens were coralliths (Figure 1E) with calices similar in size to those of most other Porites (Figure 1 F). The geographic range of Porites hawaiiensis is unknown, although it is abundant throughout the Northwest and Main Hawaiian Islands, and has been reported at depths from 1 to 55m (30 fathoms) in the Marshall Islands (Wells 1954). This species can be easily overlooked; it tends to grow in cryptic habitats (cracks, crevices, and interstitial spaces), and at first glance, the small patches of colonies (0.5–10cm) can be confused with crustose coralline algae, or new recruits of other Porites species. This species is remarkable because of its small adult colony size; a curious life history characteristic since many Porites in the Pacific can be among the largest and longest-lived scleractinain corals (Brown et al. 2009). We propose that this small ‘patch coral’ is a distinct species, and that P. hawaiiensis is the most appropriate name.

A new species of Japalura (Reptilia: Agamidae) from northeast India with a discussion of the similar species Japalura sagittifera Smith, 1940 and Japalura planidorsata Jerdon, 1870

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2212 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-61 ◽  
Author(s):  
STEPHEN MAHONY
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Tail Length ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Adult Size ◽  
Type Specimens ◽  
The Status ◽  
First Time ◽  
A New Species

A new species of the agamid genus Japalura is described, based on three specimens from Mizoram, northeast India. Japalura otai sp. nov. is most similar to J. planidorsata and J. sagittifera and can be distinguished from all congeners by the following combination of characters: adult size (SVL male 46.4 mm, female 52.2–58.7 mm), tail length/SVL ratio 160.5–187.5%, 10–11 supralabials, 9–12 infralabials, 45–47 middorsal scales, 17–20 lamellae under finger IV, 20–22 lamellae under toe IV, tympanum concealed, axillary fold present, nuchal crest, gular fold and gular pouch absent, enlarged keeled dorsal scales present, body shape subquadrangular in cross section. Japalura sagittifera is here redescribed, a lectotype and a paralectotype designated and photographs of the type specimens made available for the first time. All known localities for these three species are provided. The status of the genus Oriotiaris which was recently revalidated is discussed in detail and again synonymized within Japalura. The currently recognised polyphyletic Japalura is discussed in relation to morphological characteristics.

Comparison of the Morphology, Anatomy, and Chemical Profile of Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata

Planta Medica ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (03) ◽  
pp. 191-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vanessa Costa ◽  
Alexandre Borghi ◽  
Juliana Mayer ◽  
Alexandra Sawaya
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Chemical Analysis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Plant Part ◽  
Correct Identification ◽  
Chemical Profile ◽  
Anatomic Structure ◽  
Mikania Laevigata ◽  
Different Characteristics ◽  
Mikania Glomerata

Abstract Mikania glomerata and Mikania laevigata are medicinal plants popularly used in Brazil for colds and asthma. Although several studies report differences in their composition, they are frequently used indistinctly, which may be due to misidentification of the species or the plant part used. Herein, the chemical, anatomical, and morphological profiles of both species were evaluated, seeking to differentiate them. Due to the pattern of secondary metabolites found in M. glomerata and M. laevigata, the chemical profile of the leaves was the characteristic that best differentiated the two species. Coumarin was present in all the leaf samples of M. laevigata but absent or in low concentration in leaf samples of M. glomerata. The stems presented coumarin in both species, albeit in different concentrations. The quantification of chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids was crucial for the separation of the two species, as higher concentrations are found in M. glomerata. The anatomic structure of the leaves, stem, and petioles of both species was conserved, even when exposed to different environments, but presented only subtle differences between species. The morphology of the leaves presented different characteristics for each species but altered when exposed to shade. Therefore, the chemical analysis together with the morphological characteristics of plants grown in full sunlight may be used for the correct identification of these species.

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