A revision of Harpochilus sheds light on new combinations under Justicia (Acanthaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 393 (2) ◽  
pp. 119
Author(s):  
JAMES LUCAS DA COSTA-LIMA ◽  
EARL CELESTINO DE OLIVEIRA CHAGAS
Keyword(s):  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Undescribed Species ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Bat Pollination ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Herbarium Collections

Until recently, Harpochilus (Acanthaceae) contained two morphologically distinct species, Harpochilus neesianus and H. phaeocarpus, from northeastern Brazil. During an analysis of herbarium collections, we found an undescribed species of Harpochilus from the Brazilian semiarid region. However, another group of botanists simultaneously discovered the species and described it as H. paraibanus. Harpochilus neesianus and H. paraibanus are similar due to their morphologically complex flowers specialized for bat pollination, nocturnal anthesis, and anthers with non-appendiculate thecae. Unlike H. neesianus and H. paraibanus, the floral morphology of H. phaeocarpus and Cyrtanthera citrina, a name used for several misidentified collections of H. paraibanus, is more similar to that of Justicia. Thus, these species are here combined under Justicia. We also provide additional information on the morphology, geographic distribution and conservation status of H. paraibanus, and propose lectotypes for Harpochilus, H. neesianus, and C. citrina.

Erythroxylum pyan (Erythroxylaceae), a new species from the Brazilian semiarid region

Phytotaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 383 (2) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
JAMES LUCAS DA COSTA-LIMA ◽  
EARL CELESTINO DE OLIVEIRA CHAGAS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Distribution Map ◽  
Extensive Analysis ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
A New Species

Based on fieldwork and an extensive analysis of herbarium and type collections, a new species which grows in sedimentary soil in the Brazilian semiarid region, Erythroxylum pyan (Erythroxylaceae), is described here. The new species occurs in areas of hyperxerophilic caatinga in the states of Piauí, Ceará, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Pernambuco, and Bahia. Erythroxylym pyan resemble E. nummularium, but can be distinguished by having slender branches, foliar stipules non-striated longitudinally, 2-setulose at apex, leaf blades membranous to slightly chartaceous, emarginate to retuse at apex, inflorescences with 1 flower per node, long, slender and erect pedicels, and calyx lobes cuspidate at apex. Additionally, a distribution map and data about its phenology, conservation status, and uses are provide.

scholarly journals The Roles of Bees and Hoverflies in the Pollination of Jacquemontia evolvuloides (Moric.) Meisn. (Convolvulaceae) in a Semiarid Region

Sociobiology ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 65 (2) ◽  
pp. 244
Author(s):  
Joicelene Regina Lima Da Paz ◽  
Camila Magalhães Pigozzo ◽  
Miriam Gimenes
Keyword(s):  
High Frequency ◽  
Floral Morphology ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Easy Access ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Disturbed Areas ◽  
Behavioral Aspects ◽  
Pollination Systems ◽  
Insect Visitors

Jacquemontia species are often found in disturbed areas, and their flowers are ephemeral and very attractive to insects. We investigated the interaction between the flowers of Jacquemontia evolvuloides and its visitors, with emphasis on potential pollinators, considering morphological, temporal, and behavioral aspects, between September/2009 and August/2010 in an anthropized area in Bahia State, Northeastern Brazil. Jacquemontia evolvuloides flowers are diurnal, ephemeral (approximately five to six hours duration), are present throughout the year, and offer nectar and pollen rewards. Because of the floral morphology of J. evolvuloides insect visitors have easy access to its resources, and its pollination could be considered generalized. While J. evolvuloides flowers are visited by several insects, only small bees (Augochlora spp.) and syrphids (Toxomerus spp.) appear to play a role in pollination of flowers. Although bees have been considered efficient pollinators of that plant, the significant presence of syrphids (considered occasional pollinators but showing high frequency visitation), may indicate their role as potential pollinators, especially when bees are not abundant in the fall/winter. As such, even in pollination systems that are considered generalized (with flowers allowing easy access to various visitor groups), visitor size may be an important factor for efficient pollination, especially when associated with high visitation frequencies.

Dyckia maranhensis (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae), a New Species from the Cerrado of Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil

2020 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 47-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elidio Armando Exposto Guarçoni ◽  
Raysa Valéria Carvalho Saraiva ◽  
Tiago Massi Ferraz
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Herbarium Collections ◽  
A New Species

Abstract—A new species of Dyckia (Bromeliaceae, Pitcairnioideae) from Maranhão, Northeastern Brazil is described and illustrated. Dyckia maranhensis is endemic in the cerrado phytogeographic domain and it was erroneously identified as D. braunii Rauh in herbarium collections. Information on its phenology, distribution, and conservation status is provided. The species is morphologically compared to D. dissitiflora Schult. & Schult. f., which is the most similar species.

A new species of Erythroxylum (Erythroxylaceae) from the Brazilian semiarid region

Phytotaxa ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 150 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Iracema Bezerra Loiola
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
A New Species

Erythroxylum angelicae, a new species of Erythroxylum sect. Archerythroxylum, is described and illustrated. This species occurs in “Carrasco” vegetation of the state of Ceará, northeastern Brazil. It is recognized by the persistent cataphylls, non-striated, long-triangular, and palleaceous; stipules non-striated, 3-setulose; flowers subsessile, calyx lobes triangular, and styles free. Affinity relationships with other species of Erythroxylum are also presented and discussed.

scholarly journals GENETIC SIMILARITY OF Macrophomina pseudophaseolina ISOLATES ASSOCIATED WITH WEEDS IN THE BRAZILIAN SEMIARID REGION

2020 ◽  
Vol 33 (4) ◽  
pp. 908-917
Author(s):  
TALISON EUGÊNIO DA COSTA ◽  
ANDRÉIA MITSA PAIVA NEGREIROS ◽  
MATHEUS DE FREITAS SOUZA ◽  
RUI SALES JÚNIOR ◽  
IONÁ SANTOS ARAÚJO HOLANDA
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Similarity ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Effective Control ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Control Methods ◽  
Trianthema Portulacastrum ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Vine Decline ◽  
And Cluster Analysis

ABSTRACT Macrophomina pseudophaseolina has recently been reported in association with weeds in melon producing areas in Northeastern Brazil. Species from this genus are the causal agents of root rot and vine decline (RRVD) in melon, reducing its productivity. It is needed to know the genetic variability of the pathogen to develop effective control methods. Thus, this work aimed to assess the genetic diversity among M. pseudophaseolina isolates collected from the weeds Trianthema portulacastrum L. and Boerhavia diffusa L. using ISSR and RAPD markers. For this, 41 M. pseudophaseolina isolates were submitted to amplification with five ISSR and ten RAPD primers. Genetic similarity was analyzed using the Jaccard’s coefficient and cluster analysis was performed by the UPGMA method. Combining data from both markers, the 41 isolates were separated into eight groups. Most groups were not arranged according to geographical origin and host of the pathogen. The genetic similarity among isolates ranged from 0.15 to 0.87. On the other hand, the highest genetic dissimilarity (85%) was observed between the isolate MpBr11, collected from T. portulacastrum in Icapuí (CE), and MpBr65, collected from B. diffusa in Assú (RN). Results obtained herein can assist breeding programs for the selection of resistance sources and the development of effective control methods against RRVD in melon.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertilization on the agro-economic performance of sesame in the Brazilian semiarid

2021 ◽  
Vol 56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoel Galdino dos Santos ◽  
Ênio Gomes Flôr Souza ◽  
Leonardo Vieira de Souza ◽  
Luiz Aurelio Freitas Pereira ◽  
Almir Rogerio Evangelista de Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Profit Margin ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Rate Of Return ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
Sesame Genotypes ◽  
N Rates

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the agro-economic performance of sesame (Sesamum indicum) under nitrogen fertigation in the semiarid region of Northeastern Brazil. The experimental design was randomized complete blocks with four replicates, and the treatments were arranged in a split-plot, where the plots were assigned five N rates (0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 kg ha-1) and the sub-plots were represented by four sesame genotypes ('CNPA G2', 'CNPA G3', 'CNPA G4', and 'BRS Seda'). The following variables were evaluated in two agricultural harvests in 2016: gross and net incomes, rate of return, and profit margin. In both harvests, there was a variation in production costs between N rates. In the second harvest, the highest values of net income were achieved with 120 kg ha-1 N fertigation, being: R$7,428.36 ha-1 for 'CNPA G2', R$8,630.74 ha-1 for 'CNPA G3', R$9,828.64 ha-1 for 'CNPA G4', and R$8,354.06 ha-1 for 'BRS Seda'. Increasing N rates provide an increase in the gross income, net income, rate of return, and profit margin for sesame producers. Fertigation with 120 kg ha-1 N provides the maximum agro-economic performance for sesame, whereas the 'CNPA G4' genotype shows the greatest agro-economic efficiency.

Two New Species of Turnera (Passifloraceae s. l., Turneroideae) from Northeastern Brazil and Considerations on the Identity of T. pernambucensis

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 838-843
Author(s):  
James Lucas da Costa-Lima ◽  
Earl Celestino de Oliveira Chagas
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Atlantic Forest ◽  
Conservation Status ◽  
Distinct Species ◽  
The State ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Type Material ◽  
Two New Species ◽  
Status Assessment

Abstract—Two new species of Turnera (Passifloraceae s. l., Turneroideae), T. acangatinga and T. ibateguara, from the Atlantic Forest of northeastern Brazil, are described. Some specimens of T. acangatinga were originally treated as T. annularis. Turnera ibateguara was recently considered part of T. pernambucensis, a species which also occurs in the Atlantic Forest in northeastern Brazil, and which was, until then, only known from the type material. In this study, recent collections of T. pernambucensis in the state of Alagoas revealed that both are distinct species and that have been mistakenly identified so far. We provide data on morphology, distribution, habitat, and phenophases, a preliminary conservation status assessment for the three species, and a key to the species with capitate inflorescences from Alagoas and Pernambuco.

scholarly journals First fish fauna assessment in the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago with BRUVS: Species catalog with underwater imagery

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Schmid ◽  
Fábio Renan Miranda da Silva ◽  
Bárbara Janaína Vieira dos Santos ◽  
Natalia Priscila Alves Bezerra ◽  
Ricardo Clapis Garla ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conservation Status ◽  
Fish Fauna ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Predatory Fish ◽  
Benthic Habitat ◽  
Underwater Video ◽  
Species List ◽  
Underwater Visual Census ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Fernando De Noronha

Abstract: Fish fauna assessments with traditional catch methods are undesired in marine reserves. Underwater visual census on the other hand is biased due to fish-diver interactions, such as shyness or avoidance behavior of large-bodied target species. This study presents the first marine ichthyofauna inventory of the Fernando de Noronha Archipelago, off northeastern Brazil, sampled with non-destructive, independent Baited Remote Underwater Video Systems (BRUVS). High fish species richness, totaling 66 species from 28 families and 10 orders, including five elasmobranch species and other large predatory fish, such as barracudas, groupers and snappers, were recorded from 81 underwater video samples. Additionally, all of the 4,398 individuals sighted were associated to up to four different benthic habitat types. A catalog of underwater fish images and a detailed species list with additional information, such as conservation status, are provided.

scholarly journals Assessing the Influence of Water Management and Rainfall Seasonality on Water Quality and Intestinal Parasitism in Rural Northeastern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexandre Pessoa Dias ◽  
Deiviane Calegar ◽  
Filipe Anibal Carvalho-Costa ◽  
Maria de Fátima Leal Alencar ◽  
Caroline Ferraz Ignacio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Water Quality ◽  
Rainy Season ◽  
Dry Season ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid

Introduction. The drought in the Brazilian semiarid region has affected the quality of water. This study assessed the relationships between enteric parasitoses, water management, and water quality, correlating them with pluviometric seasonality.Methods. Cross-sectional surveys were carried out in four rural communities at the beginning of the dry season (n=151), at the end of the dry season (n=184), and in the rainy season (n=199), in order to collect sociodemographic data, human fecal samples, and samples of the water used for human consumption for physicochemical and microbiological analyses. In 2015, water filters were provided to 30 households under study.Results. There was an increasing trend in detection rates of commensal protozoa and theEntamoeba histolytica/Entamoeba disparcomplex at the beginning of the rainy season, with detection rates of 6% in 2014 and 21.6% in 2016.Giardia intestinalisandAscaris lumbricoidespresented distinct temporal distributions, which peaked in 2015: 20.1% and 30%, respectively. The proportion of inhabitants drinking inadequate water was 55% at the beginning of the dry season and 28.8% at the end of the dry season, reaching 70.9% at the beginning of the rainy season. The presence of filters reduced this proportion among those who received the hollow ceramic candle filter.Conclusions. Data suggest that the strategies to increase water supply in the Brazilian semiarid region can be ameliorated in order to improve the quality of drinking water.

scholarly journals Sheep poisoning by Panicum dichotomiflorum in northeastern Brazil

2009 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franklin Riet-Correa ◽  
Mitsue Haraguchi ◽  
Antônio F. M. Dantas ◽  
Rodrigo G. Burakovas ◽  
Akihito Yokosuka ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Signs ◽  
13C Nmr Spectroscopy ◽  
Corneal Opacity ◽  
Northeastern Brazil ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Furostanol Saponins ◽  
Brazilian Semiarid ◽  
The Face ◽  
One Year ◽  
Panicum Dichotomiflorum

Different species of Panicum, including P. dichotomiflorum,have been reported as a cause of photosensitization in sheep, horses, cattle and goats. An outbreak of hepatogenous photosensitization occurred in 3 flocks of hair sheep in the Brazilian semiarid region. Eighty one out of 365 sheep were affected and 39 died. The main affected animals were nursing lambs and sheep younger than one year old. Donkeys, goats and cattle grazing in the same pasture were not affected. Clinical signs were edema of the head, followed by dermatitis, mainly in the face, ears, and croup, ocular discharge, corneal opacity with blindness, and redness of the coronary band and hoof. At necropsy of one affected lamb the liver was yellowish. Upon histologic examination scattered necrotic hepatocytes were observed in the liver and focal areas of necrosis of myocytes appeared in the heart. Samples of P. dicotomiflorum were analyzed by TLC and those containing saponins were isolated by HPLC using RP-C18 column and eluted with a mixture of MeOH and H2O. The isolated compounds were submitted to ¹H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Reactions were positive to furostanol saponins with the same Rf of the standard protodioscin (0.21) and methylprotodioscin (0.32). The spectroscopic results indicated a mixture of (25R)- and (25S)-protodioscin isomers in a proportion of 3:1, and methylprotodioscin.

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