Additions to Karst Fungi 4: Botryosphaeria spp. associated with woody hosts in Guizhou province, China including B. guttulata sp. nov.

Members of Botryosphaeria encompass important plant pathogens, saprobes and endophytes on a wide range of woody hosts worldwide. Botryosphaeria species are difficult to differentiate due to the overlapping morphological characteristics and the molecular data analyses are necessary recently when species identification is carried out. In this study, 28 Botryosphaeria isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in six nature reserves in Guizhou province, China. Based on both morphological characteristics and molecular analysis of combined ITS and tef1-α sequence data, four known species (Botryosphaeria dothidea, B. minutispermatia, B. sinensia and B. wangensis) are identified and one new species B. guttulata is introduced. Botryosphaeria sinensia (32% of the isolates obtained from various hosts) is the abundant species, followed by B. dothidea (28.5% of the isolates), B. guttulata (28.5% of the isolates), B. minutispermatia (7% of the isolates) and B. wangensis (4% of the isolates). These results represent the first study of Botryosphaeria species associated with woody hosts from nature reserves in Guizhou province, China. Our findings indicate that there is a potential of Botryosphaeria species remain to be discovered in this unique landform (Karst formations) in Guizhou province, China.

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A novel Arabidopsis phyllosphere resident Protomyces sp. and a re-examination of genus Protomyces based on genome sequence data

10.1101/2019.12.13.875955 ◽

2019 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kai Wang ◽

Timo Sipilä ◽

Kirk Overmyer

Keyword(s):

Dna Sequences ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Carbon Assimilation ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Nuclear Gene ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Rapid Identification ◽

Phylogenetic Position ◽

Culture Collections

ABSTRACTProtomyces is a genus of yeast-like fungi that is currently defined as plant pathogens of only the Umbelliferae (Apiaceae) and Compositae (Asteraceae) family plants. Many Protomyces species have been proposed; however, there is a lack of molecular data and available specimens for Protomyces spp., just over ten species are officially accepted and only six species are preserved and available in public culture collections for examination. Phylogenetic relationships and species boundaries within this genus remain largely controversial. Recently, we isolated Protomyces strains from wild Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), a Brassicaceae family plant only distantly related to the accepted Protomyces hosts. We have previously sequenced the genomes of all the currently public available Protomyces species, together with a strain (SC29) we isolated from the Arabidopsis phyllosphere. Genome-wide phylogenetic analysis suggests that SC29 occupies a unique phylogenetic position in the genus Protomyces. The SC29 genome has low average nucleotide identity values in comparison with other species genomes. As physiological evidence, SC29 has morphological characteristics and carbon assimilation patterns that distinguish it from the other six Protomyces species. Analysis with several nuclear gene phylogenetic markers further confirms SC29 as a novel Protomyces species and suggests the act1 gene DNA sequences can be used together with ITS sequences for the rapid identification of Protomyces species. In our previous study, SC29 could persist on the Arabidopsis phyllosphere in both short term laboratory and overwinter outdoor garden experiments and Protomyces spp. (or OTUs) were found in the Arabidopsis phyllosphere at multiple sites in both Finland and Germany. We conclude that SC29 is a novel Protomyces species isolated from Arabidopsis and propose the name of Protomyces arabidopsidicola sp. nov. Additionally, the genus Protomyces may not be strictly associated with only Compositae or Umbelliferae family host plants, as evidenced by SC29 and Protomyces strains previously isolated from plants in other families. The merging of two Protomyces species found to have high genomic similarity (P. inouyei and P. lactucaedebilis) is also proposed.

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Genetic and Pathogenic Relatedness of Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli

Phytopathology ◽

10.1094/phyto-10-10-0270 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 101 (7) ◽

pp. 805-818 ◽

Cited By ~ 26

Author(s):

Melanie N. Mitchell ◽

Cynthia M. Ocamb ◽

Niklaus J. Grünwald ◽

Leah E. Mancino ◽

David H. Gent

Keyword(s):

Host Specificity ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Boundaries ◽

Pseudoperonospora Cubensis ◽

Biologically Relevant ◽

Practical Implications

The most economically important plant pathogens in the genus Pseudoperonospora (family Peronosporaceae) are Pseudoperonospora cubensis and P. humuli, causal agents of downy mildew on cucurbits and hop, respectively. Recently, P. humuli was reduced to a taxonomic synonym of P. cubensis based on internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence data and morphological characteristics. Nomenclature has many practical implications for pathogen identification and regulatory considerations; therefore, further clarification of the genetic and pathogenic relatedness of these organisms is needed. Phylogenetic analyses were conducted considering two nuclear and three mitochondrial loci for 21 isolates of P. cubensis and 14 isolates of P. humuli, and all published ITS sequences of the pathogens in GenBank. There was a consistent separation of the majority of the P. humuli isolates and the P. cubensis isolates in nuclear, mitochondrial, and ITS phylogenetic analyses, with the exception of isolates of P. humuli from Humulus japonicus from Korea. The P. cubensis isolates appeared to contain the P. humuli cluster, which may indicate that P. humuli descended from P. cubensis. Host-specificity experiments were conducted with two reportedly universally susceptible hosts of P. cubensis and two hop cultivars highly susceptible to P. humuli. P. cubensis consistently infected the hop cultivars at very low rates, and sporangiophores invariably emerged from necrotic or chlorotic hypersensitive-like lesions. Only a single sporangiophore of P. humuli was observed on a cucurbit plant during the course of the studies. Together, molecular data and host specificity indicate that there are biologically relevant characteristics that differentiate P. cubensis and P. humuli that may be obfuscated if P. humuli were reduced to a taxonomic synonym of P. cubensis. Thus, we recommend retaining the two species names P. cubensis and P. humuli until the species boundaries can be resolved unambiguously.

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A revision of the Leptogium saturninum group in North America

The Lichenologist ◽

10.1017/s0024282916000323 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 48 (5) ◽

pp. 387-421 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Daphne F. STONE ◽

James W. HINDS ◽

Frances L. ANDERSON ◽

James C. LENDEMER

Keyword(s):

North American ◽

Morphological Study ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Lower Surface ◽

Molecular Data ◽

The North ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic ◽

Nrits Sequence

AbstractA revision of the North American members of the Leptogium saturninum group (i.e. species with long lower-surface hairs, isidia, and usually smooth upper surface) is presented based on molecular phylogenetic analyses of mtSSU and nrITS sequence data, together with an extensive morphological study. Three species supported by both molecular and morphological characteristics are recognized: L. acadiense sp. nov. (distinguished by granular saturninum-type isidia, medulla composed of irregularly arranged or perpendicular hyphae), L. cookii sp. nov. (distinguished by cylindrical saturninum-type isidia) and L. hirsutum (distinguished by hirsutum-type isidia and medulla composed of loosely intertwined hyphae). One species supported by morphological characteristics, but for which no molecular data could be generated, is also recognized: L. compactum sp. nov. (distinguished by hirsutum-type isidia and medulla composed of tightly packed hyphae). Finally, L. saturninum (distinguished by granular saturninum-type isidia and medulla composed of perpendicular and parallel hyphae) is supported by morphological characteristics but molecular data from geographically diverse populations, including those near the type locality, indicate that the morphologically defined species is paraphyletic. Leptogium burnetiae is excluded from North American based on morphological study of the type. The species are described and illustrated in detail, and are distinguished morphologically by their isidium development, morphology of mature isidia, and pattern of hyphae in the medulla in transverse sections near lobe margins. A key to the members of the L. saturninum group and related species is also presented.

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New taxa in Drosanthemum and a new genus in Drosanthemeae (Ruschioideae, Aizoaceae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.459.2.5 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 459 (2) ◽

pp. 139-154

Author(s):

CORNELIA KLAK ◽

PAVEL HANÁČEK ◽

ODETTE CURTIS-SCOTT ◽

ANSO LE ROUX ◽

PETER V. BRUYNS

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

New Species ◽

New Genus ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Western Cape ◽

Monotypic Genus ◽

Nomenclatural Change ◽

A New Species

A phylogeny of all nine subgenera of Drosanthemum, based on chloroplast sequence-data, is presented. The results confirm some previously published facts, e.g. that D. zygophylloides is sister to Drosanthemum. We propose to treat this species as a new monotypic genus, Lemonanthemum, which differs from Drosanthemum in features of the leaves and fruit-stalks. In Drosanthemum s.s., the small subg. Quadrata, characterized by 4-locular fruits, is highly supported as sister to the remainder of Drosanthemum (where fruits are 5-locular). Further, our data support the transfer of Delosperma pubipetalum to Drosanthemum (where a nomenclatural change is also made). The pubescent petals, 5-locular fruits with narrow covering membranes and downward-pointing hair-like papillae on the branches suggest that D. pubipetalum is close to D. papillatum and belongs to subg. Quastea. Another species, D. badspoortense, which had been placed in D. subg. Quastea on account of its narrow covering membranes, is shown to belong to Delosperma and also lacks the unique structure of the fruit-stalk of Drosanthemum. In addition, a new species, D. overbergense, is described from disjunct patches of remnant renosterveld within the Overberg and near Albertinia, in the Western Cape of South Africa. Morphological characteristics suggest that this species belongs to subg. Xamera, but this was not corroborated by our molecular data. Finally, a new name—Drosanthemum calcareum—is proposed for the illegitimate D. intermedium and a lectotype (at BOL) is designated for D. pubipetalum. The lectotypification of D. badspoortense is also proposed.

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Morpho-phylogenetic evidence reveals new species in Rhytismataceae (Rhytismatales, Leotiomycetes, Ascomycota) from Guizhou Province, China

MycoKeys ◽

10.3897/mycokeys.76.58465 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 76 ◽

pp. 81-106

Author(s):

Jin-Feng Zhang ◽

Jian-Kui Liu ◽

Kevin D. Hyde ◽

Anusha H. Ekanayaka ◽

Zuo-Yi Liu

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Comparative Morphology ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Molecular Analyses ◽

Phylogenetic Affinities ◽

Karst Terrains

Karst formations represent a unique eco-environment. Research in the microfungi inhabiting this area is limited. During an ongoing survey of ascomycetous microfungi from karst terrains in Guizhou Province, China, we discovered four new species, which are introduced here as Hypoderma paralinderae, Terriera karsti, T. meitanensis and T. sigmoideospora placed in Rhytismataceae, based on phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters. Molecular analyses, based on concatenated LSU-ITS-mtSSU sequence data, were used to infer phylogenetic affinities. Detail descriptions and comprehensive illustrations of these new taxa are provided and relationships with the allied species are discussed, based on comparative morphology and molecular data.

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Occurrence and Morpho-Molecular Identification of Botryosphaeriales Species from Guizhou Province, China

Journal of Fungi ◽

10.3390/jof7110893 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 7 (11) ◽

pp. 893

Author(s):

Asha J. Dissanayake ◽

Ya-Ya Chen ◽

Ratchadawan Cheewangkoon ◽

Jian-Kui Liu

Keyword(s):

Fungal Pathogens ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Elongation Factor ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Large Subunit Rrna

Botryosphaeriales is an important order of diverse fungal pathogens, saprobes, and endophytes distributed worldwide. Recent studies of Botryosphaeriales in China have discovered a broad range of species, some of which have not been formerly described. In this study, 60 saprobic isolates were obtained from decaying woody hosts in southwestern China. The isolates were compared with other species using morphological characteristics, and available DNA sequence data was used to infer phylogenetic analyses based on the internal transcribed spacer (ITS), large subunit rRNA gene (LSU), and translation elongation factor 1-α (tef) loci. Three novel species were illustrated and described as Botryobambusa guizhouensis, Sardiniella elliptica, and Sphaeropsis guizhouensis, which belong to rarely identified genera within Botryosphaeriaceae. Botryobambusa guizhouensis is the second species identified from the respective monotypic genus. The previously known species were identified as Aplosporella hesperidica, Barriopsis tectonae, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia mutila, Di. neojuniperi, Di. pseudoseriata, Di. sapinea, Di. seriata, Dothiorella sarmentorum, Do. yunnana, Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae, Neofusicoccum parvum, Sardiniella celtidis, Sa. guizhouensis, and Sphaeropsis citrigena. The results of this study indicate that numerous species of Botryosphaeriales are yet to be revealed in southwestern China.

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A new species of Paramesotriton (Caudata: Salamandridae) from Guizhou Province, China

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3510.1.2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3510 (1) ◽

pp. 41 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

XIAOMING GU ◽

RONGRONG CHEN ◽

YINGZHOU TIAN ◽

SONG LI ◽

JINGCHENG RAN

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Body Size ◽

Nature Reserve ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Species Group ◽

Guizhou Province ◽

Mitochondrial Data ◽

A New Species

In this study, we describe a new species of salamander, Paramesotriton maolanensis sp. n., from the MaolanNational Nature Reserve, Libo County, Guizhou Province, China. The new species is placed in the genusParamesotriton based on morphological characteristics and molecular data. It differs from all other members of thegenus in a number of morphological characteristics, especially in its much larger body size, absence of granularwarts from head and body, largely reduced external eyes and peculiar shape of epibranchia in hyoid apparatus. Weexamined the relationships of nuclear POMC haplotypes between and within the new species and six recognizedspecies. POMC variation and published mitochondrial data suggested that the new species’ closest known relativesare P. longliensis, P. zhijinensis and P. caudopunctatus, and it should be placed into the P. caudopunctatus species group or subgenus Allomesotriton.

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Cucurbitinus gen. nov. (Halosphaeriaceae, Microascales), a new genus to accommodate Cucurbitinus constrictus comb. nov. and Cucurbitinus ibericus comb. nov.

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.455.2.4 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 455 (2) ◽

pp. 119-136

Author(s):

LING-LING LIU ◽

NINGGUO LIU ◽

JING YANG ◽

YAYA CHEN ◽

ZUOYI LIU

Keyword(s):

New Taxa ◽

New Genus ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Phylogenetic Analyses ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Freshwater Lake ◽

Guizhou Province

Two strains, representing trichocladium-like species, were collected from a freshwater lake in Guizhou Province, China. Based on the morphological characters, they were well identified as Trichocladium constrictum who lacked molecular data. In the phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS and SSU sequence data, the collections cluster together with Cirrenalia iberica within Halosphaeriaceae but formed a distinct clade to the type of Cirrenalia (Halosphaeriaceae) and Trichocladium (Chaetomiaceae). The significant long conidiophores of Trichocladium constrictum differ from those of other Trichocladium species. The straight conidia of Cirrenalia iberica is distinguished from curved conidia of other Cirrenalia species. In line with the morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses, Cucurbitinus gen. nov. is proposed to accommodate Trichocladium constrictum and Cirrenalia iberica as Cucurbitinus constrictus comb. nov. and Cucurbitinus ibericus comb. nov. Descriptions and illustrations of the new taxa are provided with discussion of the reclassification.

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Xanthagaricus siamensis sp. nov. (Agaricaceae), a new species with dull green lamellae from northern Thailand

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.437.1.2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 437 (1) ◽

pp. 14-22

Author(s):

YUAN S. LIU ◽

JIAN-KUI (JACK) LIU ◽

PHONGEUN SYSOUPHANTHONG ◽

KEVIN D. HYDE ◽

SAISAMORN LUMYONG

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Sequence Data ◽

Large Subunit ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Molecular Data ◽

Nuclear Ribosomal Dna ◽

Molecular Evidence ◽

Internal Transcribed Spacer Region ◽

Northern Thailand ◽

A New Species

Xanthagaricus siamensis, a new species in the family Agaricaceae, was discovered in northern Thailand and is here introduced based on its morphological features and molecular data. It is characterized by small to medium-sized basidiomata, a convex to plano-convex with depressed center pileus when mature, the presence of greyish orange to violet-brown fibrillose squamules on the pileus, lamellae that start out white, change to pinkish white when damaged, then change to dull green with age. Additionally, the annulus is fugacious, and the pileipellis is recognized as a cutis which morphologically distinguishes it from all other known Xanthagaricus. Phylogenetic analysis of the internal transcribed spacer region (ITS) and the large subunit of the nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrLSU) sequence data indicated that the three specimens of X. siamensis form a distinct lineage within Xanthagaricus, and they formed a well-supported clade representing the genus Xanthagaricus. Detailed illustrations of macro- and micro-morphological characteristics and descriptions are provided, as well as other relevant molecular evidence.

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Etiology and Symptoms of Maize Leaf Spot Caused by Bipolaris spp. in Sichuan, China

Pathogens ◽

10.3390/pathogens9030229 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 229 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiaofang Sun ◽

Xiaobo Qi ◽

Wei Wang ◽

Xuan Liu ◽

Henan Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Leaf Spot ◽

Plant Pathogens ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Sichuan Province ◽

Population Diversity ◽

Seedling Blight ◽

Maize Leaf ◽

Linear Lesions ◽

Wide Range

Many species of the genus Bipolaris are important plant pathogens and often cause leaf spot, root rot, and seedling blight in an extremely wide range of hosts around the world. In recent years, maize leaf spot caused by Bipolaris species has frequently occurred with complex symptoms and is becoming increasingly serious in Sichuan Province of China. To investigate the population diversity of Bipolaris spp. and their corresponding symptoms in maize, 747 samples of maize leaf spot were collected from 132 sampling sites in 19 administrative districts of Sichuan Province from 2011 to 2018. Based on morphological characteristics, pathogenicity testing, and phylogenetic analysis of the rDNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) genes, a total of 1186 Bipolaris isolates were identified as B. maydis, B. zeicola, B. cynodontis, B. oryzae, B. setariae, and B. saccharicola, among which B. maydis and B. zeicola were the dominant pathogenic species, accounting for 57.34% and 42.07% of the isolates, respectively. We found that B. zeicola isolates were mainly distributed in high altitude and cool mountainous areas, while B. maydis was more widely distributed in Sichuan Province. The typical symptoms caused by the Bipolaris species were clearly distinct in maize. The typical symptoms caused by B. maydis were elongated strip lesions, or fusiform, elliptical lesions, and those caused by B. zeicola were narrow linear lesions. Herein, B. saccharicola was first reported on maize and caused subrotund lesions. This study provides useful information for disease diagnosis and management for Bipolaris leaf spot in maize.

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