Influence of food availability, predation risk and initial body size on growth and maturation of Cloeon dipterum (Ephemeroptera: Baetidae)

Zoosymposia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
pp. 53-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAN ŠUPINA ◽  
JINDŘIŠKA BOJKOVÁ ◽  
DAVID S. BOUKAL
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Cloeon Dipterum

Larval growth and maturation in aquatic insects are phenotypically plastic and can change in response to the amount and quality of resources, or under predation risk. While better food conditions typically lead to faster growth and earlier maturation at larger body size and hence higher fecundity, the effects of predation risk can vary depending on its strength and selectivity with respect to size or stage. Studies on lotic mayflies (Ephemeroptera) have reported two direct and two indirect life history responses to increased predation risk: slower growth rate and later maturation at the same or smaller size, and faster or unaltered growth rate and earlier maturation at smaller body size. However, life history responses of standing water mayflies to predation risk are unknown. To fill this gap, we carried out a full-factorial laboratory experiment to study the influence of food availability (full/reduced) and predation risk (present/absent predator cues) by dragonfly larvae on growth and maturation of larvae of the lentic mayfly Cloeon dipterum. Males and females responded similarly to food limitation and predation risk. Predation risk had no effect on maturation size, larval mortality and metamorphic failure. However, growth rate, number of moults and development time were all affected by predation risk, and its net effect was modified by food availability and initial body size of the larvae. These results suggest that life history responses to suboptimal conditions depend on body size at the onset of such conditions. Finally, a small group of larvae grew at much slower rates and developed much longer than other individuals of similar initial size, possibly due to bet-hedging or inclusion of multiple genotypes in the experiment.

INFLUENCE OF FOOD LIMITATION ON THE EFFECTS OF FENVALERATE PULSE EXPOSURE ON THE LIFE HISTORY AND POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF DAPHNIA MAGNA

2005 ◽  
Vol 24 (9) ◽  
pp. 2254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barry J. Pieters ◽  
Albrecht Paschke ◽  
Sebastián Reynaldi ◽  
Michiel H.S. Kraak ◽  
Wim Admiraal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Life History ◽  
Population Growth ◽  
Daphnia Magna ◽  
Population Growth Rate ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Pulse Exposure ◽  
Influence Of Food

The evolution of adult body size in black-bellied salamanders (Desmognathus quadramaculatus complex)

2000 ◽  
Vol 78 (10) ◽  
pp. 1712-1722 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos D Camp ◽  
Jeremy L Marshall ◽  
Richard M Austin, Jr.
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Larval Period ◽  
Moisture Level ◽  
Adult Body Size ◽  
Larval Growth Rate ◽  
Size At Metamorphosis ◽  
Adult Body ◽  
Desmognathus Quadramaculatus

We investigated the possible role of environmental variables in determining body size within a complex of salamander species (Desmognathus quadramaculatus). We analyzed data generated from life-history studies on populations from throughout the range of this species complex. We incorporated an alternative-hypothesis framework (sensu Platt) to determine the better predictor of adult body size, age at maturity, or size at metamorphosis. We found that almost 90% of the variation in adult body size was explained by size at metamorphosis, which was determined by a combination of rate of larval growth and length of the larval period. Environmental temperature and moisture level were positively correlated with larval growth rate and length of the larval period, respectively. We propose a simple model of body-size evolution that incorporates both adaptive and plastic components. We suggest that the length of the larval period may adaptively respond to moisture-level predictability. In addition, we suggest that the response of the larval growth rate to temperature may be plastic. Because the selection pressure due to drying-induced mortality is pervasive among species of amphibians, it may have played a role in shaping body-size radiation in desmognathines as well as the ecological structure of Appalachian streamside communities.

Comparative Survival and Growth of Two Strains of Atlantic Cod (Gadus morhua) through the Early Life Stages in a Marine Pond

1994 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1012-1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geir Blom ◽  
Terje Svåsand ◽  
Knut E. Jørstad ◽  
Håkon Otterå ◽  
Ole I. Paulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Gadus Morhua ◽  
Atlantic Cod ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Food Limitation ◽  
Juvenile Stage ◽  
Average Growth ◽  
Juvenile Mortality ◽  
Early Juvenile Stage ◽  
Survival And Growth

Survival and growth of two strains of Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua) were compared through the larval and juvenile stages in a marine pond in western Norway in 1990 and 1991. Strain A was homozygous for the genetic marker allele GPI-1*30 at the glucose phosphate isomerase (GPI) locus expressed in white muscle, and Strain B possessed other GPI-1* genotypes, in 1990 the frequency of Strain B increased significantly from the larval to the juvenile stage; however, in 1991 the frequency of Strain A increased slightly but not significantly from the larval to the juvenile phase. Larval mortality did not differ significantly between strains any year, but juvenile mortality was significantly lower in Strain B in 1990 and Strain A in 1991. Average growth rates in length estimated from regressions were not significantly different between strains during the larval and juvenile period any year, but initial length was significantly larger in Strain B in 1990 and Strain A in 1991. Our results indicated that food limitation during the early juvenile stage induced differential size-selective mortality among the strains due to small differences in body size and actual age between strains. Body size did not become important for survival until the food-limited regime had occurred.

Changes in food availability mediate the effects of temperature on growth, metamorphosis and survival in endangered yellow spotted mountain newt: implications for captive breeding programs

Biologia ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Somaye Vaissi ◽  
Mozafar Sharifi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Body Size ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
Captive Breeding ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Size Growth ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Captive Breeding Programs

AbstractThe effects of temperature and food levels on body size, growth rate, time to metamorphosis and survival were studied in larval and post-metamorphic juvenile endangered yellow spotted mountain newts

Effects of larval diet quality on the growth and development of immature stages of Telostylinus angusticollis (Diptera : Neriidae)

2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (6) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Amy K. Hooper ◽  
Russell Bonduriansky
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Diet Quality ◽  
Nutrient Concentration ◽  
Larval Mortality ◽  
Larval Growth ◽  
Pupal Stage ◽  
Immature Stages ◽  
Larval Diet ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Growth Development

Nutrient abundance during development has profound effects on adult morphology, life history and behaviour in many insects, but effects of nutrition on juvenile development are less well known. We investigated how larval diet quality affects patterns of growth, development and survival of larvae and pupae in the neriid fly Telostylinus angusticollis (Enderlein). We reared flies on two larval diets varying in nutrient concentration (‘rich’ versus ‘poor’) that have been shown previously to affect a wide range of adult traits in this species. We found that nutrient concentration affected larval growth trajectories, with individuals reared on the rich diet exhibiting greatly accelerated growth and reaching a larger body size. By contrast, we found no evidence that diet affected timing of development at the pupal stage, suggesting that developmental constraints may prevent variation in pupal development rate. Although overall mortality during the immature stages was not affected by larval diet, we found some evidence that individuals reared on a poor diet might experience higher larval mortality, whereas individuals reared on a rich diet might experience higher mortality during emergence from the puparium. Our results enhance understanding of the effects of nutrition on growth, development, and life history.

scholarly journals Animal body size distribution influences the ratios of nutrients supplied to plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (36) ◽  
pp. 22256-22263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth le Roux ◽  
Laura S. van Veenhuisen ◽  
Graham I. H. Kerley ◽  
Joris P. G. M. Cromsigt
Keyword(s):  
Body Size ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Food Availability ◽  
N:P Ratio ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Herbivore Community ◽  
Herbivore Species ◽  
Herbivore Communities ◽  
Average Body

Nutrients released through herbivore feces have the potential to influence plant-available nutrients and affect primary productivity. However, herbivore species use nutrients in set stoichiometric ratios that vary with body size. Such differences in the ratios at which nutrients are used leads to differences in the ratios at which nutrients are deposited through feces. Thus, local environmental factors that affect the average body size of an herbivore community (such as predation risk and food availability) influence the ratios at which fecal nutrients are supplied to plants. Here, we assess the relationship between herbivore body size and the nitrogen-to-phosphorus ratios of herbivore feces. We examine how shifts in the average body size of an herbivore community alter the ratios at which nitrogen and phosphorus are supplied to plants and test whether such differences in the stoichiometry of nutrient supply propagate through plants. We show that dung from larger-bodied herbivores contain lower quantities of phosphorus per unit mass and were higher in N:P ratio. We demonstrate that spatial heterogeneity in visibility (a proxy for predation risk and/or food availability) and rainfall (a proxy for food availability), did not affect the overall amount of feces deposited but led to changes in the average body size of the defecating community. Feces deposited in areas of higher rainfall and reduced visibility originated from larger herbivores and were higher in N:P ratios. This indicates that processes that change the size distribution of herbivore communities, such as predation or size-biased extinction, have the potential to alter the nutrient landscape for plants.

scholarly journals Morphological and life-history shifts of the exotic cladoceran Daphnia exilis in response to predation risk and food availability

Limnologica ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 203-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mauricio J. Carter ◽  
Patricia Silva-Flores ◽  
J. Pablo Oyanedel ◽  
Rodrigo Ramos-Jiliberto
Keyword(s):  
Life History ◽  
Predation Risk ◽  
Food Availability
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