Two new species of the “kuhlii” complex of the genus Limnonectes from Thailand (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2615 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAFUMI MATSUI ◽  
SOMSAK PANHA ◽  
WICHASE KHONSUE ◽  
NORIHIRO KURAISHI
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Distances ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Morphological Investigation ◽  
Japanese Species ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Rag 1

Phylogenetic relationships inferred from sequences of the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, tRNA val , and 16S rRNA genes and nuclear POMC and RAG-1 genes revealed that fanged frogs from Thailand usually associated with Limnonectes kuhlii are monophyletic and are collectively sister to the clade containing three Chinese and Japanese species. Within the Thai clade, the northern lineage, the southern lineage, and a population originally assigned to L. megastomias show unresolved relationships with each other, but are separated by genetic distances that correspond to values found among species of the Chinese-Japanese clade. Hybridization and past gene introgression are not detected among these three lineages of fanged frogs from Thailand. Adult specimens of the northern and southern lineages are phenotypically similar to each other, but can be separated by the combination of several morphometric characters. From the genetic and morphological evidence, they are considered to represent taxonomically different species. We therefore describe the northern lineage as L. taylori sp. nov. and the southern lineage as L. jarujini sp. nov. Taxonomic identity of the Loei population of L. megastomias requires future morphological investigation. The distribution pattern of fanged frogs within Thailand is discussed and the significance of the Three Pagodas Fault Zone is noted.

scholarly journals Crenosoma striatum in lungs of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus) from Portugal

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 179-184
Author(s):  
P. F. Barradas ◽  
A. R. Flores ◽  
T. L. Mateus ◽  
F. Carvalho ◽  
F. Gärtner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Characterization ◽  
18S Rrna ◽  
Population Sample ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
18S Rrna Genes

SummaryCrenosoma striatum is a host-specifi c metastrongiloid nematode causing respiratory tract disease in hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). Since few studies have reported C. striatum in hedgehogs and little genetic data is available concerning this lungworm, this study aimed to determine the occurrence of C. striatum in a population sample of hedgehogs from Portugal, additionally providing morphological, histological and molecular data. From 2017 to 2018 a survey of infection was carried out in 11 necropsied hedgehogs. Worms were extracted from fresh lung tissues and microscopically evaluated. Molecular characterization of partial mitochondrial (12S rRNA) and nuclear (18S rRNA) genes was performed. The presence of lungworms in pulmonary tissues of five hedgehogs (45.5%) was detected. Morphological and histopathological analyses evidenced adult forms of nematodes consistent with C. striatum. Molecular characterization of 18S rRNA genes confirmed the classifi cation as C. striatum. Also, novel genetic data characterizing the mitochondrial (12S rRNA) gene of C. striatum is presented.This is the first report of C. striatum infection in hedgehogs of Portugal. The findings here reported provide new insights regarding the geographic distribution and the molecular identification of this lungworm species.

scholarly journals Molecular phylogenetics of stream treefrogs of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion group (Anura: Hylidae), and description of two new species from Ecuador

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3364 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
LUIS A. COLOMA ◽  
SOFÍA CARVAJAL-ENDARA ◽  
JUAN F. DUEÑAS ◽  
ARTURO PAREDES-RECALDE ◽  
MANUEL MORALES-MITE ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetics ◽  
Divergence Time ◽  
Late Eocene ◽  
Sister Species ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Locality Record ◽  
Minimum Age

We review the systematics of frogs of the Hyloscirtus larinopygion group. A new phylogenetic tree inferred frommitochondrial DNA (partial sequences of 12S rRNA, valine-tRNA, and 16S rRNA genes; ~2.3 kb) of eleven species ofthe H. larinopygion group is provided, based on maximum parsimony, maximum likelihood, and Bayesian analyses. Ourphylogeny confirms the close relationship of members of the H. larinopygion group with Andean relatives of the H.armatus group, which also occurs in the Andes. Hyloscirtus tapichalaca is placed as sister species to the rest of the H.larinopygion group, in which two clades (A+B) are evident. Although ingroup relationships are well supported, themonophyly of the H. larinopygion group and placement of H. tapichalaca require additional testing. Genetic divergencesamong species of the H. larinopygion group are shallow compared to those observed in many other anurans, with geneticdistance among sister species (H. princecharlesi and H. ptychodactylus) as low as 1.31%. However, this pattern isconcordant with radiations in other highland Andean lineages of anurans that show marked morphological or behavioraldifferentiation, but low divergence in mitochondrial markers. Divergence-time analyses (using BEAST) indicate that theHyloscirtus clade is a relatively ancient lineage that appeared in the Eocene, at a minimum age of 51.2 million years ago(MYA), while the H. larinopygion group originated in the Middle-Late Eocene at a minimum age of 40.9 MYA. Ourresults might suggest a rapid radiation of Hyloscirtus starting in the Miocene into the Pliocene, from at least 14.2 MYA tothe most recent divergence between sister taxa at ~2.6 MYA. We also describe two sympatric new species of Hyloscirtusfrom northwestern Ecuador: H. criptico sp. nov. and H. princecharlesi sp. nov. We diagnose them by their phylogeneticposition (they are not sister to each other), genetic divergence, and a unique combination of color patterns, and othermorphological features. Additionally, we describe the suctorial tadpoles and the extreme ontogenic color changes in H.larinopygion, H. lindae, H. pantostictus, H. princecharlesi, H. psarolaimus, and H. tigrinus. Furthermore, we describe theosteology of H. criptico, H. lindae, H. pacha, H. pantostictus, H. princecharlesi, H. psarolaimus, H. ptychodactylus, andH. staufferorum. We describe vocalizations of H. lindae, H. pacha, H. pantostictus, H. pasarolaimus, H. staufferorum, andH. tapichalaca. Hyloscirtus tigrinus is recorded for the first time in Ecuador and its range is extended 62.4 km (airlinedistance), from its southernmost locality record in Departamento de Nariño, Colombia. Most species of the H.larinopygion group are currently severely threatened by extinction, after surviving the catastrophic extinctions in the1980s and 1990s that led to the disappearance of many other sympatric anurans that bred in swiftly flowing water and hadlotic water tadpoles in the Andean highlands. Research and conservation actions are urgently needed for these species. Inorder to better call attention to these conservation issues, we name one of the new species in honor of Prince Charles ofWales, who is contributing significantly to the growth of awareness in the battle against tropical deforestation, climate change, and the catastrophic extinction of rainforest amphibians.

Systematic reassessments of fanged frogs from China and adjacent regions (Anura: Dicroglossidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2345 (1) ◽  
pp. 33 ◽  
Author(s):  
MASAFUMI MATSUI ◽  
NORIHIRO KURAISHI ◽  
JIAN-PING JIANG ◽  
HIDETOSHI OTA ◽  
AMIR HAMIDY ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Southern China ◽  
Eastern China ◽  
Sensu Stricto ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Gene Sequences ◽  
Central Vietnam ◽  
Mitochondrial 12S Rrna ◽  
Systematic Relationships

Systematic relationships of fanged frogs usually associated with Limnonectes kuhlii are assessed using 15 samples from Japan, Chinese Mainland and Taiwan, Vietnam, Laos, Thailand, Malaysia (Borneo), and Indonesia. Phylogenetic relationship inferred from the mitochondrial 12S rRNA, tRNA val , and 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that fanged frogs sampled are not monophyletic with the topotypic L. kuhlii from Java. Samples from Yunnan of southern China (L. bannaensis), northern Laos and central Vietnam, and those from Jiangxi of eastern China (L. fujianensis), Taiwan and Japan (L. namiyei), respectively, form monophyletic groups, and are collectively sister to the Thai sample (L. megastomias). All these samples, L. fragilis from Hainan of southern China, and a group of Bornean samples show unresolved relationships with Javanese L. kuhlii. From the resultant phylogeny and genetic distances found among samples, L. "kuhlii" from Taiwan and L. fujianensis, and L. "kuhlii" from northern Laos and central Vietnam and L. bannaensis, respectively, are surmised to be conspecific. These fanged frogs are morphologically similar to, but phylogenetically distant from, L. kuhlii sensu stricto. Limnonectes namiyei, L. fujianensis, and L. bannaensis are considered to have a common ancestor whose chromosome number was 2n=22, unlike L. fragilis, L. kuhlii and many other frogs with 2n=26 chromosomes.

Molecular taxonomic reassessment of the Cloud Forest’s Bolitoglossa salamanders (Caudata: Plethodontidae) from Cordillera de Mérida (Mérida state, Venezuela)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3356 (1) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
GUSTAVO FERMIN ◽  
JAVIER GARCÍA-GUTIÉRREZ ◽  
MOISÉS ESCALONA ◽  
ANDRÉS MORA ◽  
AMELIA DÍAZ
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Sierra Nevada ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Salamander Species ◽  
The 16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Tissue Digestion

Salamanders found at different localities nearby Mérida city, Venezuela, are thus far reported as Bolitoglossa orestes or B.spongai. However, morphological ambiguities among individuals from several populations of both putative species, besidestheir reported disparate geographical distributions, prompted us to clarify the specific identity of these bolitoglossines throughthe sequence analysis of their corresponding 16S rRNA genes. Seventeen specimens belonging to the vertebrates collection ofUniversidad de Los Andes (CVULA), collected at separated cloud forests in Sierra La Culata (San Eusebio, Macho Capaz andSan Javier del Valle) and Sierra Nevada de Mérida (La Mucuy), were used to extract DNA upon tissue digestion. Sequenceanalysis of the 16S rRNA gene supports a biogeographical scenario where, so far, there is only one salamander species for eachsierra: B. orestes, which is widely distributed in Sierra La Culata, and a so far undescribed species of a Venezuelan bolitogloss-ine apparently restricted to Sierra Nevada de Mérida. Based on our molecular results and an examination of morphological evidence, B. spongai should be considered a synonym of B. orestes.

scholarly journals PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS OF LEPTOBRACHIUM HASSELTII TSCHUDI, 1838 (AMPHIBIA, ANURA, MEGOPHRYIDAE) - DETECTION OF A POSSIBLE CRYPTIC SPECIES

TREUBIA ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amir Hamidy ◽  
Masafumi Matsui
Keyword(s):  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Species Level ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
The West ◽  
Major Clade ◽  
Dna Phylogeny ◽  
Acoustic Data

By examining mitochondrial DNA phylogeny using 2424bp of sequence data 12S rRNA, tRNAval, and 16S rRNA genes, we evaluated the taxonomic relationships among Javan litter frogs Leptobrachium hasseltii from southern Sumatra, Java, and Bali. Leptobrachium hasseltii formed a well-supported monophyletic group, which comprised two major clades. One major clade represented the southern Sumatran and Javan populations and the other consisted of the population from Bali. The Javan and southern Sumatran clade included two subclades: the West Javan-southern Sumatran group and the Central Javan group. The genetic divergence between the two major clades (Bali vs. Java-Sumatra) suggested their separation happen at species level. Further studies using morphological and acoustic data are needed to determine the taxonomic status of Bali population.

scholarly journals Mitogenomics and the Phylogeny of Mantis Shrimps (Crustacea: Stomatopoda)

Diversity ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. 647
Author(s):  
Cassandra Koga ◽  
Greg W. Rouse
Keyword(s):  
Sister Group ◽  
18S Rrna Gene ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Mitochondrial Genomes ◽  
12S Rrna ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Slight Variation ◽  
Ancestral State ◽  
Protein Coding

Stomatopoda, commonly known as mantis shrimps, are notable for their enlarged second maxillipeds encompassing the raptorial claw. The form of the claw can be used to divide them into two basic groups: smashers and spearers. Previous phylogenetic studies of Stomatopoda have focused on morphology or a few genes, though there have been whole mitochondrial genomes published for 15 members of Stomatopoda. However, the sampling has been somewhat limited with key taxa not included. Here, nine additional stomatopod mitochondrial genomes were generated and combined with the other available mitogenomes for a phylogenetic analysis. We used the 13 protein coding genes, as well as 12S rRNA, 16S rRNA genes, and included nuclear 18S rRNA gene sequences. Different rooting options were used for the analyses: (1) single and multiple outgroups from various eumalocostracan relatives and (2) a stomatopod-only dataset, with Hemisquilla californiensis used to root the topologies, based on the current hypothesis that Hemisquilla is the sister group to the rest of Stomatopoda. The eumalocostracan-rooted analyses all showed H. californiensis nested within Stomatopoda, raising doubts as to previous hypotheses as to its placement. Allowing for the rooting difference, the H. californiensis outgroup datasets had the same tree topology as the eumalocostracan outgroup datasets with slight variation at poorly supported nodes. Of the major taxonomic groupings sampled to date, Squilloidea was generally found to be monophyletic while Gonodactyloidea was not. The position of H. californiensis was found inside its superfamily, Gonodactyloidea, and grouped in a weakly supported clade containing Odontodactylus havanensis and Lysiosquillina maculata for the eumalocostracan-rooted datasets. An ancestral state reconstruction was performed on the raptorial claw form and provides support that spearing is the ancestral state for extant Stomatopoda, with smashing evolving subsequently one or more times.

scholarly journals Species Separation within, and Preliminary Phylogeny for, the Leafhopper Genus Anoscopus with Particular Reference to the Putative British Endemic Anoscopus duffieldi (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 799
Author(s):  
Joanna Redihough ◽  
Isa-Rita M. Russo ◽  
Alan J. A. Stewart ◽  
Igor Malenovský ◽  
Jennifer E. Stockdale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nature Reserve ◽  
Strong Support ◽  
Genetic Distances ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Conservative Approach ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
The Status ◽  
Mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase

The subfamily Aphrodinae (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) contains ~33 species in Europe within four genera. Species in two genera in particular, Aphrodes and Anoscopus, have proved to be difficult to distinguish morphologically. Our aim was to determine the status of the putative species Anoscopus duffieldi, found only on the RSPB Nature Reserve at Dungeness, Kent, a possible rare UK endemic. DNA from samples of all seven UK Anoscopus species (plus Anoscopusalpinus from the Czech Republic) were sequenced using parts of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I and 16S rRNA genes. Bayesian inference phylogenies were created. Specimens of each species clustered into monophyletic groups, except for Anoscopusalbifrons, A. duffieldi and Anoscopuslimicola. Two A. albifrons specimens grouped with A. duffieldi repeatedly with strong support, and the remaining A. albifrons clustered within A. limicola. Genetic distances suggest that A. albifrons and A. limicola are a single interbreeding population (0% divergence), while A. albifrons and A. duffieldi diverged by only 0.28%. Shared haplotypes between A. albifrons, A. limicola and A. duffieldi strongly suggest interbreeding, although misidentification may also explain these topologies. However, all A. duffieldi clustered together in the trees. A conservative approach might be to treat A. duffieldi, until other evidence is forthcoming, as a possible endemic subspecies.

A taxonomic revision of Gymnothorax undulatus (Anguilliformes: Muraenidae) in the Western Indian Ocean, with description of a new species

Zootaxa ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 4767 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
YONELA SITHOLE ◽  
DAVID G. SMITH ◽  
MONICA MWALE ◽  
GAVIN GOUWS
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Taxonomic Revision ◽  
Western Indian Ocean ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
16S Rrna Genes ◽  
Rrna Genes ◽  
Morphometric Characters

The taxonomic status of the widely distributed Indo-Pacific undulated moray eel, Gymnothorax undulatus, is revised using morphological and genetics features. Ninety-seven specimens previously identified as G. undulatus were examined and their mitochondrial COI and 16S rRNA genes were analysed. The multivariate analysis of eight morphometric characters resulted in separation with little to no overlap among some geographic regions. These groupings explained more than 90% of the total variation, with 86.6% overall classification. Two color morphs were identified, and the South African population was described as new species, Gymnothorax elaineheemstrae n. sp., distinct from G. undulatus in having mottled and faintly reticulated color pattern, 134–136 total vertebrae and further confirmed by the genetic analysis of COI and 16S rRNA with > 0.1 genetic distance. The morphological and genetics results indicate that G. undulatus, previously treated as a single species, consists of more than one species. 

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