CAN TROIDES HELENA AND PACHLIOPTA ADAMAS CO-EXIST? A PERSPECTIVE FROM THE BUTTERFLY BREEDING FACILITY, CIBINONG SCIENCE CENTER, INDONESIA

Troides helena and Pachliopta adamas utilize the same food plant species: Aristolochia acuminata. For the purpose of captive breeding and conservation, it is desirable to find out whether they can co-exist in captivity. Captive breeding research was conducted on the butterfly species within the period of October 2016 to September 2019. In total, 1,361 individuals were observed. Data on adult emergence of the species is presented to show population trends. Both species co-existed poorly at the facility when food plants were limited. It took 45.9 days for T. helena helena and 32.6 days for Pc. adamas adamas from egg to imago stage. Habitat enrichment can encourage the species to come and establish the population.

CALLIDIOPINI BEETLES (COLEOPTERA, CERAMBYCIDAE) IN THE COLLECTION OF MUSEUM ZOOLOGICUM BOGORIENSE, INDONESIA. PART II, GENITALIA AND TAXONOMY OF THE GENUS TETHIONEA PASCOE

Species of Tethionea Pascoe, 1869, Callidiopini, in the collection of Museum of Zoologicum Bogoriense are reviewed. Two new species of the genus are described, T. peggieae sp. nov. and T. oculata sp. nov., both from Papua Province, Indonesia. In addition, T. unicolor Pascoe, T. strumosa Pascoe and T. tridentata Pascoe are redescribed. Their male genitalia are documented and illustrated in detail. In particular, the ejaculatory duct complexes of endophalli are carefully observed, as well as 8th sternites and tergites. For T. oculata sp. nov., the female genitalia are described. Morphological and taxonomical aspects of these species are discussed.

DIVERSITY OF THE CLOSED-NESTED HONEY BEES (APIDAE: APIS SPP.) AND THE TRADITIONAL HONEY COLLECTING AND BEEKEEPING IN FOUR ISLANDS OF INDONESIA

The closed-nested honey bees are an important group that has been successfully bred traditionally and in a modern way. The traditional honey beekeeping practices are still favorable by local people living near natural habitats. Many rural areas in Indonesia are well known as producers of honey from the traditional honey collecting and traditional honey beekeeping of the closed-nested honey bees. However, there is limited information on the diversity of the honey bees that had supported the honey productions and their traditional honey beekeeping. This research was to provide an overview of the diversity of the honey bee species that are used in the wild honey collecting and their traditional honey beekeeping in four selected study sites in the islands of Java, Bawean, Kalimantan, and Peleng. We recorded three species of closed-nested native honey bees in the traditional honey collecting and traditional honey beekeeping, namely Apis cerana, A. koschevnikovi, and A. nigrocincta. We observed that traditional beekeeping of A. cerana was carried out in Tasikmalaya and Bawean Island, and that of A. cerana and A. koschevnikovi were carried out in Kayan Hilir. On Peleng Island, people do not do beekeeping but collect honey directly from the forest. Honey collecting and beekeeping practices are related to changes in the seasons of the flowering period in their habitats. The knowledge of the flowering period is needed to know the seasonal movement of honey bees from forest to village and vice versa.

FIRST REPORT ON THE FEEDING BEHAVIOR OF EARLESS MONITOR, LANTHANOTUS BORNEENSIS AND ITS PREDATION ON RICE FIELD FROG, FEJERVARYA LIMNOCHARIS IN A CAPTIVE ENVIRONMENT

Being endemic to Borneo, the Earless monitor, Lanthanotus borneensis (Steindachner, 1878) is rarely found in its habitats due to its cryptic behavior. We provide care for confiscated animals in the Reptile House of Museum Zoologicum Bogoriense (MZB) in Cibinong, West Java, Indonesia since 2014. Little is known on its natural prey but from scattered descriptive reports. This study is aimed at documenting the feeding behavior of ten captive Earless monitors and events of predation on frogs. We set up two experiments, one with meat of Rice Field Frog, Fejervarya limnocharis, and the other with live frog of the same species. Our recorded observations ran for four weeks for the frog meat feeding experiment and followed by the frog predation experiment. Our results showed that lizards constantly accepted frog meat. Lizards tended to feed before sunset for a short period of time on the muddy soil surface, although a few individuals inconsistently fed under water. The average body mass for these lizards increased by 4.29 g and average SVL by 0.45 cm. We recorded predation on frogs in three out of ten individuals observed during this study. If F. limnocharis is confirmed to occur in the natural habitats of L. borneensis, it is possible that this frog species is among the natural prey for Earless monitors. Further studies on its natural diets should be conducted to gain in-depth knowledge essential for generating effective captive husbandry for this nationally protected species in Indonesia.

SPECIES DISTRIBUTION UPDATE OF MANSONIA BLANCHARD, 1901 MOSQUITOES (DIPTERA: CULICIDAE) IN INDONESIA WITH THE ILLUSTRATED KEY FOR FEMALE MOSQUITO

Mansonia is a genus of mosquitoes of which several species are confirmed vectors of lymphatic filariasis. Many countries including Indonesia are still struggling to eliminate lymphatic filariasis. Report of the Mansonia mosquito diversity and its distribution is essential to develop the control strategies. Six of eight Mansonia species have been confirmed as lymphatic filariasis vectors in Indonesia. This paper aims to update the distribution of the Mansonia mosquito in Indonesia. Species distribution data were summarized from various literature regarding the Mansonia mosquito. The data is complemented by the results of the National Research on Disease Vector and Reservoir (Rikhus Vektora) results conducted by the National Institute of Health Research and Development (NIHRD) in 2015-2018. There were new distribution records for four species of Mansonia mosquitoes in Indonesia. Mansonia annulata Leicester, Ma. annulifera (Theobald), and Ma. indiana Edwards are now recorded distributed throughout the archipelago. Meanwhile, Ma. bonneae Edwards has a new distribution record in the Moluccas. The illustrated identification key for female Mansonia mosquitoes in Indonesia is provided in this paper.

LIST OF LAND SNAILS IN JAVA AND SEVERAL ADJACENT ISLANDS

The malacofauna of Java has been most studied among the Indonesian islands, but the list of land snails in the area remains outdated. This study presents an updated check list of land snails in Java and its adjacent islands. This list is a compilation data from field work in Java conducted in 2013-2016, records from various museums in Europe and Indonesia, collections from private collectors, data from citizen sciences, and literatures. In total, 263 land snail species were recorded in Java and its adjacent islands. The number comprises of 36 families i.e. Subclass Neritimorpha (2 families), Caenogastropoda (6 families), and Heterobranchia (28 families). About 40% are species endemic to Java and among them have restricted distribution to certain areas. In addition, 5% or 13 introduced species were recorded in Java.

DISCOVERY OF A NEW MAYFLY SPECIES (EPHEMEROPTERA, BAETIDAE)NEAR CENDERAWASIH UNIVERSITY CAMPUS IN PAPUA, INDONESIA

Material collected just behind the Cenderawasih University campus in Jayapura, Papua Province, Indonesia, revealed a new species of the Labiobaetis claudiae group, which is here described and illustrated based on larvae, subimago, male and female imagos. The total number of Labiobaetis species on the island New Guinea increased to 33, the total number for Indonesia increased to 26, and the total number of Labiobaetis species worldwide is augmented to 147. A key to the larvae of the L. claudiae group is provided. The interspecific K2P distances between species of the L. claudiae group are between 20% and 23%.

TO THE KNOWLEDGE OF THE VELVET ANT GENUS BISCHOFFITILLA LELEJ (HYMENOPTERA: MUTILLIDAE) IN INDONESIA

Seven species of the genus Bischoffitilla Lelej were previously known from Indonesia. Bischoffitilla selangorensis (Pagden, 1934) is newly recorded from Indonesia. Bischoffitilla palaca (Cameron, 1902) is newly recorded from Java, and B. saffica (Zavattari, 1914) from Sumatra. Keys to the Indonesian species of Bischoffitilla are given.

ASSESSING IN-SITU SEMI-NATURAL BUTTERFLY BREEDING APPROACH OF ORNITHOPTERA CROESUS (PAPILIONIDAE) ON BACAN ISLAND, MALUKU UTARA, INDONESIA

Indonesia is rich in endemic species of flora and fauna. One of them is Ornithoptera croesus butterfly, which is endemic to North Maluku. Habitat degradation and trade of this species have caused the populations to decline. To avoid the collection of butterfly specimens from nature and to preserve their habitat and population in nature, a semi-natural butterfly breeding practice at Bacan Island was initiated in 2013. This research was conducted to assess the breeding approach for O. croesus lydius using a qualitative descriptive method. The assessment was based on these variables: the specific ecology of the butterfly; the suitability of the breeding site and development model; the utilization of larval host plants and butterfly nectar plants; and the establishment of the birdwing population at the site. The observations and results are presented here. Based on the assessment, the in-situ semi-natural breeding approach is one of the solutions for sustainable use of this protected species.

LARVAE AND ADULTS OF ASCAROPS SP. (NEMATODA: SPIROCERCIDAE) COLLECTED FROM THE STOMACH OF MAXOMYS WHITEHEADI (RODENTIA: MURIDAE) IN KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

Third-stage larvae and adults of spiruroid nematodes were found from the stomach wall and stomach lumen, respectively, of Maxomys whiteheadi (Rodentia: Murinae) captured in Bukit Soeharto, Kalimantan, Indonesia. Close observation using light microscope and scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that it belongs to the genus Ascarops (Nematoda: Spirocercidae), possibly to Ascarops strongylina (Rudolphi, 1819). It is presumed that this species is parasitic in wild boars, Sus barbatus, in the forest of Kalimantan, and utilizes the murine as a paratenic host, in which it usually remains as third larval stage but can occasionally develop to adult stage.