Helminth parasites from Red Sea fishes: Neowardula brayi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Trematoda: Mesometridae Poche, 1926) and Sclerocollum saudii sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932)

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2681 (1) ◽  
pp. 57 ◽  
Author(s):  
MOHAMMED O. AL-JAHDALI
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Egg Size ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
The Family ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus ◽  
Proboscis Receptacle

Specimens of the fishes Acanthopagrus bifasciatus Forsskål (Sparidae) and Siganus rivulatus Forsskål (Siganidae) were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Rabigh, Saudi Arabia. Four (25%) and 24 (80%) of these fishes, respectively, were found to harbour intestinal helminths. Acanthopagrus bifasciatus was parasitised by Neowardula brayi gen. nov., sp. nov. (Trematoda: Mesometridae) and S. rivulatus by Sclerocollum saudii sp. nov. (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae). Neowardula brayi gen. nov. is similar to Wardula Poche, 1926, but clearly differs from it and from the other four genera of the family Mesometridae Poche, 1926 in having a ventral surface anterior to the intestinal bifurcation greatly modified into a well-developed, relatively deep pouch encircling the genital pore and constantly diagonal testes. Sclerocollum saudii sp. nov. is similar to S. rubrimaris Schmidt et Paprena, 1978 (type species), but clearly differs in having a proboscis only armed with 10 rows of hooks, smaller proboscis hooks, lemnisci much longer than proboscis receptacle and much smaller egg size. The developmental stages of this acanthocephalan (cystacanths, juveniles and immature worms) are also described and figured.

Ecological comments on the intestinal helminths of the rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus (Teleostei, Siganidae) from the northern Red Sea

2007 ◽  
Vol 52 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reda Hassanine ◽  
Mohammed Al-Jahdali
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Intestinal Helminths ◽  
Fundamental Niche ◽  
Concurrent Infections ◽  
Size Groups ◽  
South Sinai ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus ◽  
Partial Overlap ◽  
Northern Red Sea

AbstractBetween May and September 2006, 640 specimens of the rabbitfish Siganus rivulatus Forsskål (Teleostei, Siganidae) were examined for infections with intestinal helminths. These fishes were caught in the Red Sea off the coast of Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt, examined in a field laboratory and separated into three size groups of regular length intervals. Only three species of helminths were recovered: the trematode Gyliauchen volubilis Nagaty, 1956 (Gyliauchenidae Fukui, 1929), the acanthocephalan Sclerocollum rubrimaris Schmidt et Paperna, 1978 (Cavisomidae Meyer, 1932) and the nematode Procamallanus elatensis Fusco et Overstreet, 1979 (Cucullanidae Cobbold, 1864). The distribution of these helminths along the intestine of S. rivulatus, in all patterns of single and concurrent infections and the corresponding prevalences and intensities of infection in the different size groups of the fish were recorded. In single infections, each parasite species was found distributed in a well-defined fundamental niche along the intestine of Siganus rivulatus, and a distinct partial overlap between the niches of G. volubilis and Sclerocollum rubrimaris was observed. In concurrent infections with these two species, their fundamental niches were significantly reduced, probably being affected by interactive site segregation and individuals of each species were found segregated in a restricted realised niche. In all other patterns of concurrent infections, each parasite species was normally found in its original fundamental niche. The prevalences of these parasites in the fish examined were relatively low and somewhat similar. In all patterns of single and concurrent infections, the intensity of infection was directly related to fish size. In concurrent infection with G. volubilis and S. rubrimaris, a significant decline was observed in the intensities of both species in the different size groups of the fish, but, in all other patterns of concurrent infections, no significant change in intensity was observed. These observations suggest that the interaction between G. volubilis and S. rubrimaris is probably a negative and symmetrical one. The mode of transmission of these parasites to the fish is also discussed.

scholarly journals Environmental Parasitology: intestinal helminth parasites of the siganid fish Siganus rivulatus as bioindicators for trace metal pollution in the Red Sea

Parasite ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 26 ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zaki M. Al-Hasawi
Keyword(s):  
Trace Metals ◽  
Trace Metal ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Intestinal Helminth ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Trace Metal Pollution ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus ◽  
Cadmium And Lead ◽  
Host Parasite

Studies on host-parasite systems as bioindicators for monitoring trace metal pollution in marine environments are still scarce. Here, 11, 14 and 17 infrapopulations of Gyliauchen volubilis (Trematoda: Digenea), Procamallanus elatensis (Nematoda) and Sclerocollum rubrimaris (Acanthocephala), respectively, were collected from the fish Siganus rivulatus (Siganidae) in the Red Sea, from a chronically polluted small bay at Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt. Water and sediment samples from the bay, tissue samples (intestines, liver, and muscle) from each fish, and samples from each parasite were taken for heavy metal analyses of cadmium and lead. Cadmium concentrations in intestines, liver and muscle of non-infected and infected fishes were much lower than those of lead, and both metal concentrations decreased in the order: liver > intestines > muscle. Cadmium and lead concentrations in the tissues of fishes infected with G. volubilis or P. elatensis were slightly lower than those in non-infected ones, while in the tissues of fishes infected with Sc. rubrimaris, they were much lower. Low concentrations of cadmium and lead in G. volubilis and P. elatensis are associated with their limited ability or capacity to accumulate trace metals. Therefore, bioconcentration factors corresponding to these species were relatively low, and both are herein considered as weak bioindicators. By contrast, high concentrations of cadmium and lead in S. rubrimaris are associated with its high ability to accumulate trace metals. Of the present three host–parasite systems, only the Siganus rivulatus–Sclerocollum rubrimaris system seems to be promising for biomonitoring of metal pollution in the Red Sea.

Profundibacterium mesophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member in the family Rhodobacteraceae isolated from deep-sea sediment in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia

2013 ◽  
Vol 63 (Pt_3) ◽  
pp. 1007-1012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pok Yui Lai ◽  
Li Miao ◽  
On On Lee ◽  
Ling-Li Liu ◽  
Xiao-Jian Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saudi Arabia ◽  
16S Rrna ◽  
16S Rrna Gene ◽  
Red Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Link Type ◽  
The Family

A slow-growing, strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, coccus bacterial strain, designated KAUST100406-0324T, was isolated from sea-floor sediment collected from the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia. The catalase- and oxidase-positive strain was non-sporulating and only slightly halophilic. Optimum growth occurred at 20–25 °C and at pH values ranging from 7.0 to 8.0. The major cellular fatty acids of the strain were unsaturated C18 : 1ω6c and/or C18 : 1ω7c, C18 : 1ω7c 11-methyl and C16 : 1ω7c and/or C16 : 1ω6c. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and two unidentified phospholipids. Ubiquinone 10 was the predominant lipoquinone. The DNA G+C content of strain KAUST100406-0324T was 64.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the novel strain belonged to the family Rhodobacteraceae of the class Alphaproteobacteria but formed a distinct evolutionary lineage from other bacterial species with validly published names. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain was distantly related, but formed a monophyletic cluster with, those of bacteria from two moderately halophilic genera, Hwanghaeicola and Maribius . The similarity of the sequence between the novel strain KAUST100406-0324T and the type strains Hwanghaeicola aestuarii Y26T (accession number FJ230842), Maribius pelagius B5-6T (DQ514326) and Maribius salinus CL-SP27T (AY906863) were 94.5 %, 95.2 % and 95.3 %, respectively. Based on the physiological, phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic characteristics presented in this study, we propose that this strain represents a novel species of a new genus in the family Rhodobacteraceae , for which the name of Profundibacterium mesophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed, with KAUST100406-0324T ( = JCM 17872T  = NRRL B-59665T) as the type strain.

Sclerocollum saudii Al-Jahdali, 2010 (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae) as a sentinel for heavy-metal pollution in the Red Sea

2018 ◽  
Vol 93 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
R.M. El-S. Hassanine ◽  
Z.M. Al-Hasawi ◽  
M.S. Hariri ◽  
H. El-S. Touliabah
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Metal Pollution ◽  
Infected Fish ◽  
Fish Host ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Metal Concentrations ◽  
Fish Intestine ◽  
Fish Samples ◽  
Siganus Rivulatus ◽  
Acanthocephalan Parasite

AbstractCurrently, fish helminth parasites, especially cestodes and acanthocephalans, are regarded as sentinel organisms to elucidate metal pollution in aquatic ecosystems. Here, 34 specimens of the fish Siganus rivulatus were collected in the Red Sea, from a seriously polluted, small lagoon named Sharm-Elmaya Bay, at Sharm El-Sheikh, South Sinai, Egypt; 22 (64.7%) were infected by Sclerocollum saudii (Acanthocephala: Cavisomidae). Thus, 22 natural infrapopulations (26–245 individuals) of this parasite were collected from infected fish. Samples of water and sediments from the bay, samples of muscle, intestine and liver from each fish, and samples from the parasite were taken for analysis of heavy metals (cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb)). Both Cd and Pb concentrations in sediments were higher than those in water. The concentration of these metals were significantly higher in tissues (intestine, liver and muscle) of non-infected fish than those in infected fish, with Pb concentrations consistently higher than those of Cd, and both were drastically decreased in the order: liver > intestine > muscle. Metal concentrations in this acanthocephalan were much higher than those in its fish host. There were strong negative relationships between metal concentrations in tissues (intestine, liver and muscle) of infected fish and infrapopulation size, and between metal concentrations in the acanthocephalan and its infrapopulation size. These relationships strongly suggest competition for these metals between the fish host and its acanthocephalan parasite, and intraspecific competition among acanthocephalan individuals for available metals in the fish intestine. Bioconcentration factors were relatively high, since the mean Cd concentration in S. saudii was 239, 68 and 329 times higher than those in intestine, liver and muscle tissues, respectively, of its fish host. Also, mean Pb concentration was 55, 13 and 289 times higher than those in these tissues, respectively. The host–parasite system described here seems to be promising for biomonitoring of metal pollution in the Red Sea.

Adult morphology of the therocephalian Simorhinella baini from the middle Permian of South Africa and the taxonomy, paleobiogeography, and temporal distribution of the Lycosuchidae

2014 ◽  
Vol 88 (6) ◽  
pp. 1139-1153 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando Abdala ◽  
Christian F. Kammerer ◽  
Michael O. Day ◽  
Sifelani Jirah ◽  
Bruce S. Rubidge
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Temporal Distribution ◽  
Ventral Surface ◽  
Middle Permian ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Assemblage Zone

The Middle Permian tetrapod fauna of the South African Beaufort Group is taxonomically diverse and includes representatives of all major therapsid groups, including the earliest records of Eutheriodontia. In the Middle Permian, eutheriodonts are represented mainly by large therocephalians, which made up a large proportion of the vertebrate predators in these faunas. Here we describe the skull and partial skeleton of a large therocephalian from the uppermost Tapinocephalus Assemblage Zone (AZ) of South Africa. A combination of features, including the short snout, presence of three to four upper postcanines and presence of teeth on the pterygoid processes, indicates that the new specimen belongs to the earliest-diverging therocephalian family, Lycosuchidae. The presence of a well-developed midline ridge on the ventral surface of the vomer indicates that the new specimen can be referred to Simorhinella baini, a species previously represented only by a tiny juvenile skull. The new specimen forms the basis for a taxonomic re-evaluation of the Lycosuchidae as well as of the geographic and stratigraphic range of the family. We recognize two valid species within the Lycosuchidae: the type species Lycosuchus vanderrieti represented by five specimens and Simorhinella baini represented by two specimens, with an additional 22 specimens currently identifiable as Lycosuchidae incertae sedis. Lycosuchid specimens range throughout the Tapinocephalus and Pristerognathus AZs; specimens of Simorhinella are restricted to the Tapinocephalus AZ, whereas Lycosuchus specimens are documented in both the Tapinocephalus and Pristerognathus AZs.

Three new species, two new genera, and new family Biphragmosagittidae (Сhaetognatha) from Southwest Pacific Ocean

2011 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 161-173
Author(s):  
A.P. Kassatkina
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
The Body ◽  
New Order ◽  
New Genera ◽  
New Family ◽  
The Family ◽  
Three New Species

Resuming published and own data, a revision of classification of Chaetognatha is presented. The family Sagittidae Claus & Grobben, 1905 is given a rank of subclass, Sagittiones, characterised, in particular, by the presence of two pairs of sac-like gelatinous structures or two pairs of fins. Besides the order Aphragmophora Tokioka, 1965, it contains the new order Biphragmosagittiformes ord. nov., which is a unique group of Chaetognatha with an unusual combination of morphological characters: the transverse muscles present in both the trunk and the tail sections of the body; the seminal vesicles simple, without internal complex compartments; the presence of two pairs of lateral fins. The only family assigned to the new order, Biphragmosagittidae fam. nov., contains two genera. Diagnoses of the two new genera, Biphragmosagitta gen. nov. (type species B. tarasovi sp. nov. and B. angusticephala sp. nov.) and Biphragmofastigata gen. nov. (type species B. fastigata sp. nov.), detailed descriptions and pictures of the three new species are presented.

ON THE HELMINTH PARASITES OF THE RED SEA FISHES

1999 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 565-595
Author(s):  
Nahed Abdou ◽  
Samir Biltagy ◽  
Ameen Ashour ◽  
Richard Heckmann
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Helminth Parasites

On the presence of Anchistioides willeyi (Borradaile, 1899) (Decapoda: Caridea: Anchistioididae) in the Red Sea

Zootaxa ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 2243 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
IVAN MARIN
Keyword(s):  
Red Sea ◽  
Type Species ◽  
Specific Form ◽  
The Other ◽  
Valid Species ◽  
Caribbean Region ◽  
Western Atlantic ◽  
Abdominal Somite ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Pacific Species

The palaemonoid family Anchistioididae Borradaile, 1915 includes a single genus Anchistioides Paulson, 1875 with four known valid species: Anchistioides compressus Paulson, 1875 (type species), A. willeyi (Borradaile, 1899), A. australiensis (Balss, 1921) and A. antiguensis (Schmitt, 1924). Borradaile (1915) suggested two more species within the genus Amphipalaemon Nobili, 1901 (a junior synonym of Anchisitioides Paulson), Amphipalaemon gardineri Borradaile, 1915 (= Anchistioides gardineri) and Amphipalaemon cooperi Borradaile, 1915 (= Anchistioides cooperi) which were later synonomyzed with Anchisitioides willeyi by Gordon (1935), who also suggested their conspecificity with Anchistioides australiensis. At the present time, Anchistioides australiensis is a valid species (Bruce, 1971; Chace & Bruce, 1993) based on specific morphological features such as the presence of sharp postorbital tooth, oblique distal lamela of scaphocerite and sharply produced spines on posterodorsal angles of sixth abdominal somite (see Bruce, 1971: fig. 9). The other Indo-Pacific species, Anchistioides compressus and A. willeyi, can be clearly identified by specific form of scaphocerite, the presence of a well marked blunt postorbital tubercle in A. willeyi which is absent in A. compressus (e.g., Bruce, 1971) and the number of ventral rostral teeth (3-4 large ventral rostral teeth present in A. willeyi while up to 8 small ventral rostral teeth in A. compressus (Paulson, 1875; Gordon, 1935)). Anchistioides antiguensis is clearly separated geographically being known only from the tropical Western Atlantic and Caribbean region (Schmitt, 1924; Holthuis, 1951; Wheeler & Brown, 1968; Martinez-Iglesias, 1986; Markham et al, 1990; Ramos-Porto et al, 1998; Cardoso, 2006).

Three new cribrimorph bryozoans (order Cheilostomatida) from the early Miocene of Argentina, with a discussion on spinocystal shield morphologies

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
Juan López-Gappa ◽  
Leandro M. Pérez ◽  
Ana C.S. Almeida ◽  
Débora Iturra ◽  
Dennis P. Gordon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type Species ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Fossil Species ◽  
Extant Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Subjective Synonym

Abstract Bryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives of Jolietina and Parafigularia: J. victoria n. sp. and P. pigafettai n. sp., respectively. A fossil species of Figularia, F. elcanoi n. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species of Jolietina: J. latimarginata (Busk, 1884) and J. pulchra Canu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned to Figularia is here discussed. Costafigularia n. gen. is erected, with Figularia pulcherrima Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned to Figularia are here transferred to Costafigularia, resulting in C. jucunda n. comb. and C. tahitiensis n. comb. One species of Figularia is reassigned to Vitrimurella, resulting in V. ampla n. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenus Juxtacribrilina is elevated to genus rank. Inferusia is regarded as a subjective synonym of Parafigularia. Parafigularia darwini Moyano, 2011 is synonymized with I. taylori Kuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting in Parafigularia taylori n. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided. UUID: http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8

scholarly journals Transcriptional Profiles of Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis Genes and Cytochromes in the Leaves of Four Papaver Species

Data ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dowan Kim ◽  
Myunghee Jung ◽  
In Ha ◽  
Min Lee ◽  
Seok-Geun Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolite ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Expression Profiles ◽  
Bioinformatics Analyses ◽  
Kegg Pathways ◽  
Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloid ◽  
Development Life Cycle ◽  
The Family ◽  
Leaf Transcriptome ◽  
Secondary Metabolite Biosynthesis

Poppies are well-known plants in the family Papaveraceae that are rich in alkaloids. This family contains 61 species, and in this study we sequenced the transcriptomes of four species’ (Papaver rhoeas, Papaver nudicaule, Papaver fauriei, and Papaver somniferum) leaves. These transcripts were systematically assessed for the expression of secondary metabolite biosynthesis (SMB) genes and cytochromes, and their expression profiles were assessed for use in bioinformatics analyses. This study contributed 265 Gb (13 libraries with three biological replicates) of leaf transcriptome data from three Papaver plant developmental stages. Sequenced transcripts were assembled into 815 Mb of contigs, including 226 Mb of full-length transcripts. The transcripts for 53 KEGG pathways, 55 cytochrome superfamilies, and benzylisoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis (BIA) were identified and compared to four other alkaloid-rich genomes. Additionally, 22 different alkaloids and their relative expression profiles in three developmental stages of Papaver species were assessed by targeted metabolomics using LC-QTOF-MS/MS. Collectively, the results are given in co-occurrence heat-maps to help researchers obtain an overview of the transcripts and their differential expression in the Papaver development life cycle, particularly in leaves. Moreover, this dataset will be a valuable resource to derive hypotheses to mitigate an array of Papaver developmental and secondary metabolite biosynthesis issues in the future.

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