Taxonomic identity of the patagonian frog Atelognathus jeinimenensis (Anura: Neobatrachia) as revealed by molecular and morphometric evidence

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2880 (1) ◽  
pp. 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
HELEN DÍAZ-PÁEZ ◽  
MARCELA A. VIDAL ◽  
JUAN C. ORTIZ ◽  
CARMEN A. ÚBEDA ◽  
NÉSTOR G. BASSO
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Geographic Pattern ◽  
Chilean Patagonia ◽  
Nucleotide Data ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Chilean Populations

The frog genus Atelognathus is currently represented by nine species distributed in Argentinean and Chilean Patagonia. It is mainly distributed in Argentina, and there are only three species in Chile (A. ceii, A. grandisonae and A. jeinimenensis). Regarding the morphological relationships among Atelognathus species, Meriggio et al. (2004) suggest that A. jeinimenensis is more related to A. salai than other species. A. salai was described from Laguna Los Gendarmes (Argentina), 90 km air line from the type locality of A. jeinimenensis. This paper presents a morphological analysis and a study of population genetics using mtDNA nucleotide data from Argentinean and Chilean localities to assess the genetic distance between A. salai and A. jenimenensis. We obtained 477 bp-long d-loop sequences from 51 Atelognathus specimens collected in four localities. According to our results, the morphological differences between A. salai and A. jeinimenensis populations are limited to size, and there are no distinctive characteristics that would separate two species, in addition to which a simple geographic pattern of genetic diversity suggests a single species of Atelognathus. Also, the populations from Chile (Cerro Castillo, RN Lago Jeinimeni and Chile Chico) and Argentina (Laguna de Los Gendarmes) have low levels of genetic divergence that may be consistent with glaciations during the Late Pleistocene. We propose Atelognathus jeinimenensis as a junior synonym of A. salai and that the Chilean populations should be assigned to A. salai.

On the composite nature of the holotype of Loxodontomys pikumche Spotorno et al., 1998 (Rodentia, Cricetidae, Sigmodontinae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 3135 (1) ◽  
pp. 55
Author(s):  
PABLO TETA ◽  
ULYSES F. J. PARDIÑAS ◽  
GUILLERMO D’ELÍA
Keyword(s):  
Single Species ◽  
First Record ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Morphological Evidence ◽  
Root Numbers ◽  
Composite Nature ◽  
Morphological Differences ◽  
Plate Morphology ◽  
Del Rio ◽  
Chilean Populations

Central Chilean populations of the mouse Loxodontomys Osgood were traditionally (e.g., Pine et al., 1979) included as part of the single species recognized in the genus, L. micropus (Waterhouse). Later, Spotorno et al. (1998) considered that they belong to an up to then undescribed species for which they coined the name L. pikumche. This taxon, with type locality in “... Cajón del Río Maipo, sector Cruz de Piedra (34º 10’ S 69º 58’ W, 2.450 msnm), a 55 km S de la Central Hidroeléctrica de Las Melosas... en la Cordillera de la Región Metropolitana” is characterized by a 2n = 32 (NF = 34) and some subtle morphological differences with L. micropus (that, in turn, has a 2n = 34, NF = 36; Spotorno et al., 1998; Teta et al., 2009). More recently, Novillo et al. (2009) reported the first record of L. pikumche in the Argentinean province of Mendoza and added some putative morphological differences with L. micropus to those previously listed by Spotorno et al. (1998). As discussed by Cañon et al. (2010), the morphological characters  documented as differences by Novillo et al. (2009) have some degree of variation within populations of L. micropus s.s. (e.g., zygomatic plate morphology, lateral profile of nasals, development of posterior palate process; see Hershkovitz, 1962; Steppan, 1995) or were based on misinterpretation of some features (e.g., both specimens studied by Novillo et al. [2009] has posteriorly divergent toothrows, and not only that of micropus). Indeed, the distinction of L. pikumche was recently put in interdict by Cañon et al. (2010) on the base of molecular and morphological evidence. These authors remarked that several putative diagnostic characters (e.g., molar root numbers, incisor orientation, shape of upper incisor dentine fissure) vary within and among populations of L. micropus s.s. Further, Cañon et al. (2010) suggested that L. pikumche may be a junior synomyn of L. m. alsus (Thomas, 1919).

Origins of a morphological cline between Eucalyptus melanophloia and Eucalyptus whitei

2011 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 244 ◽  
Author(s):  
James E. Holman ◽  
Jane M. Hughes ◽  
Roderick J. Fensham
Keyword(s):  
Morphological Analysis ◽  
Isolation By Distance ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Secondary Contact ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Morphological Classification ◽  
Genetic Structuring ◽  
Putative Species ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages

Most theories to explain the origin and maintenance of clines in Eucalyptus are based on a morphological classification system. The true relationships between putative species along clines require detailed investigation of phylogenetic relationships. A cline between Eucalyptus melanophloia and E. whitei was examined using morphological and molecular analyses to determine whether genetic structuring in nuclear and chloroplast DNA along the cline could be explained by secondary contact between independent evolutionary lineages, or whether the cline represents a single species that has undergone primary differentiation. Morphological analysis showed phenotypic variation distributed continuously across the cline and that seedlings bred true to parental type. Microsatellite analysis indicated that there was little genetic structuring across the cline, and low levels of population differentiation. This result was further reinforced by analysis of the cpDNA. The phylogeographic distribution of cpDNA haplotypes is likely to have resulted from restricted seed-mediated gene flow with isolation by distance. A cogent explanation for the cline is that it has arisen by selection on leaf types promoted by a gradient in precipitation with the short-broad, subsessile leaves of E. melanophloia favoured under higher rainfall and the long, narrow, petiolate leaves of E. whitei favoured in arid environments.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity of Maternal Lineage in the Endangered Kiso Horse Based on Polymorphism of the Mitochondrial DNA D-Loop Region

2014 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 1451-1456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masaki TAKASU ◽  
Namiko ISHIHARA ◽  
Teruaki TOZAKI ◽  
Hironaga KAKOI ◽  
Masami MAEDA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Maternal Lineage ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
D Loop

scholarly journals Genetic Diversities and Historical Dynamics of Native Ethiopian Horse Populations (Equus caballus) Inferred from Mitochondrial DNA Polymorphisms

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 155
Author(s):  
Kefena Effa ◽  
Sonia Rosenbom ◽  
Jianlin Han ◽  
Tadelle Dessie ◽  
Albano Beja-Pereira
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Genetic Differentiation ◽  
Sequence Divergence ◽  
Dna Polymorphisms ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Feral Horses ◽  
Domestic Horses ◽  
D Loop ◽  
Diversity Estimates

Matrilineal genetic diversity and relationship were investigated among eight morphologically identified native Ethiopian horse populations using polymorphisms in 46 mtDNA D-loop sequences (454 base pairs). The horse populations identified were Abyssinian, Bale, Borana, Horro, Kafa, Kundido feral horses, Ogaden and Selale. Mitochondrial DNA D-loop sequences were characterized by 15 variable sites that defined five different haplotypes. All genetic diversity estimates, including Reynolds’ linearized genetic distance, genetic differentiation (FST) and nucleotide sequence divergence (DA), revealed a low genetic differentiation in native Ethiopian horse populations. However, Kundido feral and Borana domestic horses were slightly diverged from the rest of the Ethiopian horse populations. We also tried to shed some light on the matrilineal genetic root of native Ethiopian horses from a network constructed by combining newly generated haplotypes and reference haplotypes deposited in the GenBank for Eurasian type Turkish Anatolian horses that were used as a genetic conduit between Eurasian and African horse populations. Ninety-two haplotypes were generated from the combined Ethio-Eurasian mtDNA D-loop sequences. A network reconstructed from the combined haplotypes using Median-Joining algorithm showed that haplotypes generated from native Ethiopian horses formed separate clusters. The present result encourages further investigation of the genetic origin of native African horses by retrieving additional mtDNA sequences deposited in the GenBank for African and Eurasian type horses.

Genetic diversity in mitochondrial DNA D-loop region of indigenous pig breeds of India

2022 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongala Laxmivandana ◽  
Yoya Vashi ◽  
Dipjyoti Kalita ◽  
Santanu Banik ◽  
Nihar Ranjan Sahoo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Pig Breeds ◽  
Loop Region ◽  
D Loop
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