A new cicada species of Psalmocharias Kirkaldy feeding on an Ephedra plant from China (Hemiptera: Cicadidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 4290 (2) ◽  
pp. 367 ◽  
Author(s):  
XU WANG ◽  
ZHIQIANG HE ◽  
CONG WEI
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
New Species ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Muscle Contraction ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Detoxification Mechanism ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Important Medicinal Plant

A new species of the genus Psalmocharias Kirkaldy, 1908, P. akesensis sp. nov., from Xinjiang, China is described. A key to all species of Psalmocharias is provided. This new species feeds on the medicinal plant Ephedra intermedia Schrenk ex Mey, which contains various medicinally active alkaloids (notably ephedrine) and stimulates the central nervous system and influence muscle contraction of animals. The discovery of this new species may be informative for future studies of the detoxification mechanism in insects and for the protection of this important medicinal plant. 

scholarly journals MEDICINAL AND TOXICOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF DHATURA: A REVIEW

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 4847-4852
Author(s):  
Anita Sahu ◽  
Inchulkar S.R. ◽  
Yuvraj Kaushik
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Wound Healing ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Tropane Alkaloids ◽  
Scientific Field ◽  
Poisonous Plants ◽  
Toxicological Effects ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Solanaceae Family

Dhatura is a toxic shrub and also a medicinal plant. Ayurvedic literature mentions the use of poisonous plants in the treatment of various human ailments. Dhatura is one of the Upvisha. It is a wildly growing plant from the Solanaceae family, used in many Ayurvedic formulations. This plant has contributed various pharmacological actions in the scientific field of Indian systems of medicine like analgesic, anti-inflammatory, anti-asthmatic, hypoglycemic, anti-rheumatoid, and wound healing activities. It contains a variety of toxic tropane alkaloids such as atropine, hyoscyamine, scopolamine, etc. every part of the plant is toxic, but the highest number of alkaloids is contained in the seed. Dhatura poisoning is common in In-dia. The administration of improper amounts of Dhatura affects the central nervous system with symptoms such as dysphagia, dementia, confusion, convulsions, delirium, and hallucination. However, death by Dhatura poisoning is rare, recovery may take several days. Therefore, understanding the possible medici-nal and toxicological effects of Dhatura is needed.

scholarly journals Restriction of Manganese Intake Prevents the Onset of Brain Manganese Overload in Zip14−/− Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (13) ◽  
pp. 6773
Author(s):  
Yuze Wu ◽  
Guojun Wei ◽  
Ningning Zhao
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Neurological Disorders ◽  
The Body ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Manganese Transport ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Insight Into

As a newly identified manganese transport protein, ZIP14 is highly expressed in the small intestine and liver, which are the two principal organs involved in regulating systemic manganese homeostasis. Loss of ZIP14 function leads to manganese overload in both humans and mice. Excess manganese in the body primarily affects the central nervous system, resulting in irreversible neurological disorders. Therefore, to prevent the onset of brain manganese accumulation becomes critical. In this study, we used Zip14−/− mice as a model for ZIP14 deficiency and discovered that these mice were born without manganese loading in the brain, but started to hyper-accumulate manganese within 3 weeks after birth. We demonstrated that decreasing manganese intake in Zip14−/− mice was effective in preventing manganese overload that typically occurs in these animals. Our results provide important insight into future studies that are targeted to reduce the onset of manganese accumulation associated with ZIP14 dysfunction in humans.

OBSERVATIONS ON THE NERVOUS SYSTEM OF APORCELAIMUS AMPHIDYSIS N. SP. (NEMATODA: DORYLAIMOIDEA)

1966 ◽  
Vol 44 (5) ◽  
pp. 815-820 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. V. Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
New Species ◽  
Nerve Ring ◽  
Nervous Systems ◽  
Diagnostic Characters ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Time

Fifteen ganglia, associated with the nerve ring are reported. With the exception of the paired lateral cephalic papillary, postlateral papillary, and the amphidial ganglia, nine ganglia are linked by laterolateral commissures which are described for the first time. The laterolateral commissures appear to originate from paired internolateral ganglia located above and below the nerve ring. The longitudinal dorsal and paired ventral, amphidial, and lateral cephalic papillary nerves are traced from origin at their respective ganglia of the central nervous system to their termination. The paired ventral nerves pass to the right and left of the vagina, remaining double throughout most of their length. Portions of the rectosympathetic nervous systems are described in males and females. In the description of the new species based on males and females, the structure of the amphid is clarified, and the position of the plicated guiding ring and the dorsoventral width of the plicated guiding ring, expressed as percentage of spear length, are used as diagnostic characters. Illustrations and photomicrographs are provided.

New species of Myxosporea from frogs and resurrection of the genus Cystodiscus Lutz, 1889 for species with myxospores in gallbladders of amphibians

Parasitology ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 139 (4) ◽  
pp. 478-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
ASHLIE HARTIGAN ◽  
IVAN FIALA ◽  
IVA DYKOVÁ ◽  
KARRIE ROSE ◽  
DAVID N. PHALEN ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
New Species ◽  
Bile Ducts ◽  
Genetic Lineage ◽  
Cane Toad ◽  
Rhinella Marina ◽  
Eastern Australia ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Myxosporean Species

SUMMARYTwo new myxosporean species in the gallbladders of frogs have recently spread across eastern Australia and cause disease. Cystodiscus axonis sp. n. and Cystodiscus australis sp. n. are species of Myxosporea (Myxozoa) identified from a range of Australian frogs and tadpoles including the introduced Cane toad (Rhinella marina). The new species are defined by their distinct genetic lineage, myxospore morphology and ultrastructure of the pre-sporogonic development. Spores of both species are produced in the gallbladder. Spores of C. axonis sp. n. possess distinct filiform polar appendages (FPA). The pre-sporogonic development of C. axonis sp. n. is within myelinated axons in the central nervous system of hosts, as well as bile ducts of tadpoles. Pre-sporogonic and sporogonic development of C. australis sp. n. is confined to tadpole bile ducts and myxospores of C. australis sp. n. are devoid of FPA. The genus Cystodiscus Lutz, 1889 introduced for Cystodiscus immersus Lutz, 1889 is emended to accompany myxosporean parasites affecting amphibians previously classified in the genus Myxidium sensu lato. A synopsis of described species within Cystodiscus is provided.

scholarly journals The brain of Brycon orbignyanus (Valenciennes, 1850) (Teleostei: Characiformes: Bryconidae): gross morphology and phylogenetic considerations

2016 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Thiago N. A. Pereira ◽  
Ricardo M. C. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Brain Morphology ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Detailed Protocol

ABSTRACT The brain of Brycon orbignyanus is described as a model for future studies of the gross morphology of the central nervous system in Characiformes. The study of brain gross morphology of 48 distinct taxa of Characiformes, one of Cypriniformes, two of Siluriformes and two of Gymnotiformes, allowed us to propose, for the first time, six putative brain synapomorphies for the Characiformes and also two possibly unique gross brain morphology characters for the Siluriformes. A detailed protocol for the extraction of the brain in Characiformes is also provided.

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