Amphibian parasites of the Order Dermocystida (Ichthyosporea): current knowledge, taxonomic review and new records from Brazil

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4461 (4) ◽  
pp. 499 ◽  
Author(s):  
CLAUDIO BORTEIRO ◽  
DIEGO BALDO ◽  
MAXIMILIANO M. MARONNA ◽  
DÉLIO BAÊTA ◽  
ARIADNE FARES SABBAG ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissue ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
First Record ◽  
Fish Parasites ◽  
Eastern Region ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Valid Taxon ◽  
A New Species

Amphibian parasites of the Order Dermocystida (Ichthyosporea) are widespread pathogens known mainly from Europe and North America, which cause primarily a disease of skin and subcutaneous tissue in their hosts. The taxonomy of these organisms has been problematic given their conserved morphology, similar clinical disease and pathology. Currently recognized taxa belong to the three closely related genera, Amphibiocystidium, Amphibiothecum, and Rhinosporidium, whereas species of Dermocystidium and Sphaerothecum destruens include fish parasites. Here, we review the taxonomy of Dermocystida based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis, principally of amphibian parasites, including DNA sequences obtained from amphibian hosts collected in the central-eastern region of South America. A new taxonomic arrangement is proposed, which includes the designation of type material for Dermocystidium pusula, synonymization of Amphibiothecum with Dermocystidium, and the restriction of Amphibiocystidium to its type species A. ranae. We also review the taxonomic status of Dermosporidium hylarum until the present work included in the synonymy of the human and animal pathogen R. seeberi, and considered herein as a valid taxon, however. In addition, a new species of Sphaerothecum parasitic to amphibians is described, being the first record of this genus in the southern hemisphere and in an amphibian host. 

Aspergillus affinis sp. nov., a novel ochratoxin A-producing Aspergillus species (section Circumdati) isolated from decomposing leaves

2012 ◽  
Vol 62 (Pt_4) ◽  
pp. 1007-1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Domenico Davolos ◽  
Anna Maria Persiani ◽  
Biancamaria Pietrangeli ◽  
Alessandra Ricelli ◽  
Oriana Maggi
Keyword(s):  
Ochratoxin A ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Internal Transcribed Spacers ◽  
Chain Gene ◽  
Protein Coding ◽  
5.8S Rdna ◽  
Rdna Gene ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic

Two ochratoxin A (OTA)-producing Aspergillus isolates, recently collected from submerged riparian decomposing leaves in Italy, were found to have a similar morphology to Aspergillus cretensis (subgenus Circumdati, section Circumdati). However, marked differences emerged between these two novel isolates and A. cretensis as the former displayed different colony features and had larger vesicles, metulae, phialides and conidia, as well as a distinct sclerotial form and size. In order to determine the taxonomic status and to infer the evolutionary relationships of these two morphologically identical isolates, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed on all the officially recognized lineages in the section Circumdati. The DNA sequences and the deduced amino acid residues from the nuclear loci were analysed. Both rRNA and protein coding genes were assessed, which are widely used to differentiate taxa belonging to genus Aspergillus at various evolutionary levels. The 5.8S rDNA gene and internal transcribed spacers (ITS), the D1/D2 domains of the 28S rDNA gene, a region of the tubulin beta chain gene (benA) and part of the calmodulin gene (cmd) were amplified by PCR and then sequenced. The analysis of the rRNA regions and of the benA and cmd sequence data indicated that the two isogenic isolates belonged to a genetically distinct OTA-producing species of the genus Aspergillus. The isolates are proposed as representing a novel species, Aspergillus affinis sp. nov., with the type strain ATCC MYA-4773T ( = CBS 129190 = 417). Phylogenetically, A. affinis sp. nov. appeared to be very closely related to A. cretensis, from which it could be distinguished by means of a morphological trait analysis.

Leptolejeunea nigra (Lejeuneaceae), a new species with brownish black ocelli based upon morphology and DNA sequences

Phytotaxa ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 427 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-42
Author(s):  
LEI SHU ◽  
RUI-LIANG ZHU
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogeny ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Time Span ◽  
Molecular Dating ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Brownish Black ◽  
A New Species

Based on molecular phylogenetic analyses and morphological characters, a new species from Bangladesh, northern Vietnam, and southwestern China, Leptolejeunea nigra, is described. It is mostly similar to L. balansae but remarkable for having brownish black ocelli in its leaf lobes. In the molecular phylogeny, the samples of L. nigra are not nested within any clade and form an independent lineage. In particular, the molecular dating suggested that the divergence of L. nigra happened in time span of the formation of the Himalayas.

A molecular phylogeny of the “Madascincus polleni species complex”, with description of a new species of scincid lizard from the coastal dune area of northern Madagascar

Zootaxa ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 2876 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
AURÉLIEN MIRALLES ◽  
JÖRN KÖHLER ◽  
FRANK GLAW ◽  
MIGUEL VENCES
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Complex ◽  
Nuclear Dna ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Morphological Examination ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Evolutionary Lineages ◽  
Dune Area

The present paper constitutes a study on a taxonomically confusing group of closely related species belonging to the Malagasy skink genus Madascincus, currently encompassing the nominal species M. polleni, M. intermedius and M. stumpffi. Based on combined analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear DNA sequences (ND1 and RAG2 genes, respectively), and morphological examination, we provide evidence for the existence of at least four distinct evolutionary lineages within this complex: Madascincus stumpffi; Madascincus arenicola sp. nov. from northern Madagascar; and two cryptic species morphologically similar to the name-bearing types of M. polleni and M. intermedius. The two latter species, although genetically distinct, appear to be morphologically indistinguishable and their taxonomic status cannot be resolved until a better sampling will be available.

First record of Cladocroce (Porifera: Haplosclerida: Chalinidae) from the Eastern Pacific ocean with the description of Cladocroce reina sp. nov.

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2603 (1) ◽  
pp. 65
Author(s):  
JOSE MARIA AGUILAR-CAMACHO ◽  
JOSE LUIS CARBALLO
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Coast ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
First Record ◽  
Shallow Waters ◽  
Principal Characteristic ◽  
Mexican Pacific ◽  
Fiber Tracts ◽  
Deep Waters ◽  
The Family ◽  
A New Species

Chalinidae is a family of haplosclerid sponges with a delicate reticulated chaonosomal skeleton of uni-, pauci- or multispicular primary lines which are connected by unispicular secondary lines, and with an ectosomal skeleton, if present, formed by a regular hexagonal, unispicular, tangential reticulation (Weerdt 2002). Currently, the family harbors only five valid genera (Chalinula, Cladocroce, Dendrectilla, Dendroxea and Haliclona; Soest et al. 2008), although recent molecular studies suggest that a new rearrangement of the present classification is needed (Redmond et al. 2007). Cladocroce was described by Topsent (1892) from specimens collected in the Atlantic Ocean. The principal characteristic of this genus is the presence of multispicular fiber tracts with a rather dense subisotropic reticulation in between (Weerdt 2002). After that, 10 species have been described, most of them from deep waters and cold climates (Putchakarn et al. 2004). Only three species have been found living in shallow waters: C. aculeata Pulitzer-Finali, 1982 from the Great Barrier Reef, C. burapha Putchakarn et al., 2004 from the Gulf of Thailand, and C. tubulosa Pulitzer-Finali, 1993 from the port of Mombasa, in Kenya. Sponge taxonomy studies in the Mexican Pacific coast have been focused mainly on hadromerids, and particularly on boring sponges (Carballo et al. 2008), and the current knowledge of haplosclerids is very scarce (Cruz-Barraza & Carballo 2006). In this paper, a new species of Cladocroce is described and compared with the other species recorded worldwide. With this contribution the genus Cladocroce increases to 12 species.

scholarly journals A new species of Vespula, and first record of Vespa crabro L. (Hymenoptera: Vespidae) from Guatemala, Central America

Zootaxa ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 2629 (1) ◽  
pp. 61 ◽  
Author(s):  
PETER J. LANDOLT ◽  
JOSÉ MONZÓN SIERRA ◽  
THOMAS R. UNRUH ◽  
RICHARD S. ZACK
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Central America ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
First Record ◽  
Color Pattern ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Mountain Range ◽  
Vespa Crabro ◽  
Vespula Vulgaris ◽  
A New Species

Vespula akrei Landolt sp. nov. is described from Guatemala. The first record of Vespa crabro L. in Guatemala is given, and Vespula inexspectata Eck from Mexico is re-described. We place Vespula akrei sp. nov. in the Vespula vulgaris (L.) species group (= Paravespula Bluthgen) based on morphology, color pattern, and DNA sequences from two mitochrondrial genes. It is presently known only from the Sierra de las Minas mountain range in southeastern Guatemala.

scholarly journals Urocystis cumminsii sp. nov., a smut fungus on Themidaceae from Arizona

Mycotaxon ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-599
Author(s):  
Kyryll G. Savchenko ◽  
Sylena R. Harper ◽  
Lori M. Carris ◽  
Lisa A. Castlebury
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Sequence Data ◽  
Phylogenetic Analyses ◽  
First Record ◽  
Smut Fungi ◽  
Its Sequence ◽  
Sequence Analyses ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species ◽  
Basal Position

The morphology and phylogenetic relationships of a species of Urocystis on Dichelostemma capitatum (Themidaceae, Asparagales) collected in the Tucson Mountains in Arizona, United States, were studied using microscopy and ITS rDNA sequence analyses. This is a first record for smut fungi on hosts from Themidaceae. Molecular phylogenetic analyses based on ITS sequence data revealed its basal position in relation to species on Poaceae. As a result, the smut in leaves of Dichelostemma capitatum is described and illustrated here as a new species, Urocystis cumminsii.

The taxonomic status of the South African straptail, Macruronus capensis Davies, 1950 (Pisces, Gadiformes, Macruronidae)

Zootaxa ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 4374 (1) ◽  
pp. 91 ◽  
Author(s):  
ROBIN W. LESLIE ◽  
OFER GON ◽  
GAVIN GOUWS
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
South African ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
First Record ◽  
The Other ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Nominal Species ◽  
Single Specimen ◽  
Cape Coast ◽  
A New Species

The first record of the straptail fish, genus Macruronus, from South Africa was based on a single specimen captured off the Atlantic Cape coast and described as a new species, M. capensis Davies 1950. Davies did not examine specimens of the other extant nominal species in the genus, but based his conclusions solely on references to the original descriptions of M. novaezelandiae (Hector 1870) and M. magellanicus Lönnberg 1907. We show that all of the characters used by Davies (1950) to distinguish M. capensis from its congeners are in fact shared by the other nominal species of this genus. We also present molecular evidence from a Macruronus specimen recently caught off South Africa to support the conclusion that M. capensis is a junior synonym of M. novaezelandiae. 

scholarly journals Ottelia fengshanensis, a new bisexual species of Ottelia (Hydrocharitaceae) from southwestern China

PhytoKeys ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 135 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Zhi-Zhong Li ◽  
Shuang Wu ◽  
Chun-Yu Zhou ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Guang-Wan Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Species Delimitation ◽  
Southwest China ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Bisexual Species ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Dark Green ◽  
Close Relatives ◽  
A New Species

Ottelia fengshanensis, a new species (Hydrocharitaceae) from southwest China is here described and illustrated. Comparing its morphological features to putative close relatives O. guanyangensis, it has 3–4 flowers (vs. 2–5) each spathe, hexagonal-cylindric fruit, white styles (vs. yellow), green leaves (vs. dark green) and fruit tiny winged (vs. winged obviously). Molecular phylogenetic investigation of four DNA sequences (ITS, rbcL, trnK5’ intron and trnS-trnG) and the Poisson Tree Processes model for species delimitation (PTP) analysis, further resolves O. fengshanensis as a new species that is close to O. guanyangensis with distinct support.

scholarly journals Phytophthora abietivora, A New Species Isolated from Diseased Christmas Trees in Connecticut, U.S.A.

Plant Disease ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 103 (12) ◽  
pp. 3057-3064 ◽  
Author(s):  
De-Wei Li ◽  
Neil P. Schultes ◽  
James A. LaMondia ◽  
Richard S. Cowles
Keyword(s):  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Root Rot ◽  
Christmas Tree ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Abies Fraseri ◽  
Fraser Fir ◽  
Christmas Trees ◽  
The World ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
A New Species

A number of fir species (Abies) are produced as Christmas trees around the world. In particular, Fraser fir (Abies fraseri (Pursh) Poir.) is popular as it yields high-quality Christmas trees in temperate North America and Europe. A Phytophthora sp. causing root rot on Fraser fir was isolated from a Christmas tree farm in Connecticut, U.S.A., and found to be new to science according to morphological and molecular phylogenetic analysis using multilocus DNA sequences from ITS, Cox1, β-Tub, Nadh1, and Hsp90 loci. Thus, it was described and illustrated as Phytophthora abietivora. An informative Koch’s postulates test revealed that P. abietivora was the pathogen causing root rot of Fraser fir.

Molecular phylogenetic relationships among Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frog taxa (Ranidae: Rana)

2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-350 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masoumeh Najibzadeh ◽  
Michael Veith ◽  
Ahmad Gharzi ◽  
Nasrullah Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
Eskandar Rastegar-Pouyani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Relationship ◽  
Dna Sequences ◽  
Taxonomic Status ◽  
Early Miocene ◽  
Restricted Gene Flow ◽  
Iranian Plateau ◽  
Western Palearctic ◽  
Phylogenetic Status ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Relationship Of

Although the phylogenetic relationship of Western Palearctic brown frogs has been repeatedly studied, the taxonomic status and phylogenetic relationship of Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frogs is still not fully resolved. Here, we assess the phylogenetic status of these species among Western Palearctic brown frogs with special emphasize on Iranian populations based on two partial mitochondrial DNA sequences (16S rRNA and cytochrome b genes) and the application of a molecular clock. Our results clearly show that Western Palearctic brown frogs underwent a basal radiation in to two main monophyletic clades, the European brown frogs plus the Asian R. asiatica and the Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frogs, during Early Miocene ca. 20.2 mya. The Hyrcanian (R. pseudodalmatina) and the Anatolian lineage diverged approximately 16.6 mya. The further diverged into two subclades, R. tavasensis and R. macrocnemis, during the Middle Miocene, 14.5 mya. Our results suggest that diversification within these lineages may be closely linked to the formation of Neotethys and Paratethys and the subsequent uplift of the Turkish-Iranian plateau during the Early Miocene which led to restricted gene flow among brown frogs in these regions. Contrary to previous studies, we conclude that the Plio-Pleistocene epoch seems to be not associated to further significant speciation events within Anatolian-Hyrcanian brown frogs.

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