Readability and Understandability Scores for Snippet Assessment: an Exploratory Study

Code search engines usually use readability feature to rank code snippets. There are several metrics to calculate this feature, but developers may have different perceptions about readability. Correlation between readability and understandability features has already been proposed, i.e., developers need to read and comprehend the code snippet syntax, but also understand the semantics. This work investigate scores for understandability and readability features, under the perspective of the possible subjective perception of code snippet comprehension. We find that code snippets with higher readability score has better comprehension than lower ones. The understandability score presents better comprehension in specific situations, e.g. nested loops or if-else chains. The developers also mentioned writability aspects as the principal characteristic to evaluate code snippets comprehension. These results provide insights for future works in code comprehension score optimization.

Development of Chicken Nutritional Quality Classification Methods and Algorithms Eggs Based on Characteristics of Yellow Eggs

In order to sustain human life, food is a very necessary material, since the human body requires nutrition to be used in everyday activities. In this case, eggs are among the nutritional intake, a protein that is commonly consumed by the community, particularly native chicken eggs that are available quite a lot. The nutritional quality does have beneficial advantages for the human body in all areas of the egg. In eggs, 10.8 percent of the protein content the body requires is in egg whites and 16.3 percent in egg yolks. The consistency of the egg is defined by the yolk color strength. The principal characteristic of egg quality is the yolk color. There are three basic forms of widely discovered shades of egg yolk. Pale yellow, plain yellow and orange yellow. Vitamin A, vitamin B2, folic acid, vitamin B6, and vitamin B12, iron, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, and cholesterol are rich in vitamins and minerals in egg yolks. Using the object image of 30 egg yolks, the preprocessing process with the background image is then uniform in size and then grouped by color-dependent characteristics so that the nutritional quality can be identified and the attribute extract is grouped using matlab based on sample testing at the Broad Research and Implementation of Biotechnology BPPT Testing Laboratory The convolutional process of neural networks. Development of characteristic digital image-driven extraction of chicken egg yolk and implementation of nutritional quality grouping of eggs based on characteristic colour extraction of egg yolk. In yellow colour, chicken offers 94% similarity.

Antimony deposit exploration of antimony by pXRF measurements: example from the Vendean Antimony District (France)

<p>Competitiveness of mineral exploration for companies is based on reducing costs and capital intensity, improving dynamics and shortening delays between target testing and feasibility analysis. As the use of in situ analyses increases, pXRF (portable X-ray fluorescence) represents a good perspective for a fast and reliable low-footprint exploration approach. This study was carried out as part of the European EIT Raw Materials project UpDeep, which aimed at the demonstration of the applicability of modern geochemical methods for the discovery of new critical metals ore deposits.</p><p>We revisited a historic Vendean Sb district, located in western France and southeast of Brittany. First mining activities on antimony ore deposits took place during the 18<sup>th</sup> century at La Ramée, followed at the beginning of the 19<sup>th</sup> century, by the discovery of a rich vein at Rochetrejoux, which led to new activities until 1925. The French Geological Survey (BRGM) conducted large-scale survey during the 1970-1980s by stream-sediment followed by soil sampling focusing on sediment anomalies, which led to discovery of around 20 new prospects distributed on a 50x20 km area, in particular at Les Brouzils, La Télachère and La Copechagnière. Mining operations started again until the mid-1990s at Les Brouzils mine. The area is characterized by extensive agricultural practices.</p><p>The geological framework of the area is Variscan metamorphic rocks (gneiss and amphibolites) and slightly metamorphised sedimentary rocks, locally crosscut by dolerite dykes. Variscan thrust and shear-zones generated a network of conjugated tension fractures, controlling Sb mineralisations emplacement. The Les Brouzils ore deposits consists of a principal lode system dipping at 70°  and extending over at least 800 m horizontally and recognized up to 100 m vertically. The principal characteristic of this ore deposit is the presence of large blades of stibnite. Berthierite, pyrite and arsenopyrite complete the paragenesis. In the La Télachère prospects, trenches and drill holes on the two principal anomalies determined the presence of a quartz lode system with associated stibnite. Paragenesis comprises stibnite, arsenopyrite, galena, sphalerite, berthierite, chalcopyrite, tetrahedrite, pyrrhotite and gold in a quartz gangue. At La Copechanière, known deposits correspond to subvertical quartz NW-SE veins with stibnite, with thickness of 0.2 – 0.3 m. All the area is partially covered by plateaux silts and gravels of mixed allochtonous (eolian) and autochtonous origin. Thickness of the plateau loess can be comprised in the range 0.5 – 2 m.</p><p>For this study, we performed shallow-soil sampling (Ah and B horizons) along profiles across known veins to capture the endogenic geochemical anomaly signals. Despite an expected bias with laboratory analyses, pXRF measurements effectively located the Sb veins, with Sb and associated pathfinder elements (As, Mn) patterns, especially when using the pXRF multi-element capabilities enhanced by compositional data processing methods. Similar geochemical patterns obtained for both studied horizons suggest that application of on-site approach to humic horizon can increase efficiency of the survey and decrease its impacts.   </p>

On a singular Riemann–Liouville fractional boundary value problem with parameters

We investigate the existence of positive solutions for a nonlinear Riemann–Liouville fractional differential equation with a positive parameter subject to nonlocal boundary conditions, which contain fractional derivatives and Riemann–Stieltjes integrals. The nonlinearity of the equation is nonnegative, and it may have singularities at its variables. In the proof of the main results, we use the fixed point index theory and the principal characteristic value of an associated linear operator. A related semipositone problem is also studied by using the Guo–Krasnosel’skii fixed point theorem.

Assessing Potential for Learning in School Children

Dynamic assessment and dynamic testing are aspects of an umbrella concept, denoting a variety of different assessment and testing forms that incorporate feedback, hints, or training in the assessment process, and aim to measure a child’s progress when solving cognitive tasks and in doing so provide an indication for his or her cognitive potential for learning. Psychological and psychoeducational assessment is often applied in educational settings. Most of the instruments used in such assessments have a static nature; instruction is mainly restricted to telling a child what he or she has to do, and the main focus is on the outcomes of testing. The principal characteristic of dynamic assessment and testing, on the contrary, is that children are explicitly provided with feedback, prompts, or training intended to enable them to show progress when solving cognitive tasks. Where in static assessment the test outcomes are considered to measure that which a child already knows and has acquired so far, dynamic assessment procedures focus both upon potential learning progression and, in some cases, the underlying cognitive processes. Dynamic measures are developed to assess developing or yet-to-develop abilities in a setting in which the assessor helps the child to solve the tasks and teaches the child how to solve these tasks more independently. Consequently, dynamic assessment measures are primarily focused on a child’s potential for learning, rather than on past learning experiences, and likely provide a better indication of a child’s level of cognitive functioning than conventional, static test scores do separately or in combination with other instruments. Dynamic assessment formats can be very different from each other, ranging from individually based forms of mediation, often called dynamic assessment, to active scaffolding and highly standardized procedures, offered to groups or individuals, often called dynamic testing. Dynamic assessment and testing can be applied in very different settings and be influenced by many factors. In an educational setting, outcomes of dynamic testing and assessment could, in principle, provide educational psychologists or teachers with information regarding learning outcomes during these forms of intervention.

A Novel Endosurgical Prosthesis to Treat Thoracoabdominal Aortic Aneurysm in Complex Anatomy or Emergency Settings

Background Despite improvements in operative techniques, open thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair is complex and characterized by high mortality and morbidity rate. Less invasive techniques have been developed since 2005 for the treatment of TAAA. Unfortunately, many of these devices require custom fabrication, resulting in delay of many weeks until treatment can be delivered but crucial in critical emergency cases. We present a novel hybrid endovascular and surgical prosthesis, which was tested on five pigs, with the aim of reducing the barrier issues of endovascular therapy in such particular cases. Methods The principal characteristic of the proposed hybrid endovascular prosthesis is to combine a proximal and distal stented zones and, in between, a classical surgical blood tied Dacron prosthesis. The device was tested in five pigs where feasibility of implantation and acute postoperative outcomes were evaluated, including bleeding, bowel ischemia, renal function, and peripheral blood perfusion. Results In all cases, following laparotomy, the endoprosthesis was successfully implanted under fluoroscopy and the surgical prosthesis zone could be easily detected by the radio-opaque markers. No major bleeding or cardiac events occurred throughout preparation and implantation. One hour after prosthesis implantation and surgical anastomoses of all vessels were completed, normal urine output was registered, and no acidosis was detected. Conclusions This novel graft has shown ease of endoprosthesis and visceral vessels implantation without the need of thoracotomy or extracorporeal circulation and may be useful in an emergency setting or high risk and complex anatomy TAAA unsuitable for traditional endovascular aneurysm repair, or to avoid an excess waiting time for a “custom made” prosthesis. The great adaptability of this “hybrid” prosthesis in complex anatomy for the majority of TAAA could be important in high-risk patients and in some difficult situations, such as a high risk of imminent rupture.

Failed Frequent Flyers

Two cases are reviewed in Case 16; both demonstrate problems with “frequent flyers” in the emergency department (ED). The principal characteristic of these patients is that despite their symptoms and complaints being minor, they frequently present to the ED. Inevitably, ED staff tend to view their visits disparagingly. However, like the boy who cried wolf, they will occasionally have serious underlying conditions that need to be addressed. A prominent cognitive pattern is described: the cognitive miser function. It is the tendency to uncritically accept things at face value. Although this may be adequate for many routine decisions, the failure to unpack sufficient information will sometimes result in suboptimal decision making.

Evidence of Amoral Communities

This chapter discusses one of the characteristics of amoral communities, which was evident across different regions in Croatia: the ethnicization of everyday life. What distinguishes amoral communities from other types of wartime settings in which violence, looting, and the destruction of property are commonplace? The principal characteristic is that the connection between ethnicity and a political identity extends into everyday facets of life. In communities where the ethnicization of everyday life is present, instead of perceiving each other in terms of personal traits or community roles, people first consider ethnicities, or, more specifically, political ethnicities. This becomes evident, for instance, in the workplace, where people start to group along ethnic lines; in public places, where symbolic messages reflect the new polarization; and even in schools or on playgrounds, where children repeat comments they heard from adults in their lives. In amoral communities, when civilians become targets of violence on the basis of their political ethnicities, these acts of violence may be presented as necessary for the restoration of order or as a consequence of wartime conditions. While the process of ethnicization initially occurs on the state level in the discourse of political leaders, it may or may not lead to polarization along ethnic lines in some communities.

Review: Modes and Processes of Severe Plastic Deformation

In this review, severe plastic deformation (SPD) is considered as a materials processing technology. The deformation mode is the principal characteristic differentiating SPD from common forming operations. For large plastic strains, deformation mode depends on the distribution of strain rates between continuum slip lines and can be varied from pure shear to simple shear. A scalar, invariant and dimensionless coefficient of deformation mode is introduced as a normalized speed of rigid rotation. On this basis, simple shear provides the optimum mode for structure modification and grain refinement whereas pure shear is "ideal" for forming operations. Special experiments and SPD practice confirm this conclusion. Various techniques of SPD are classified and described in accordance with simple shear realization or approximation. It is shown that correct analyses of the processing mechanics and technological parameters are essential for comparison of SPD techniques and the development of effective industrial technologies.