Systematic revision of Central American Calligrapha Chevrolat of the subgenus Erythrographa subgen. nov. (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae, Chrysomelinae)

In this work, I revise a group of thirteen species in a natural assemblage of Calligrapha Chevrolat previously shown to represent a distinct and highly divergent lineage relative to other Calligrapha. The group is given subgeneric status, under the name Erythrographa subgen. nov., based on the morphological features of its representatives, which include reddish testaceous color to dark parts of body, including elytral markings, the presence of two spots enclosed by the humeral lunule, and a bifid end of the flagellum in male genitalia, among other typical features. One of the species of the new subgenus is also new and formally described as Calligrapha synthesys sp. nov. All the species of the subgenus Erythrographa subgen. nov. are found in Mexico (with the exception of C. wickhami, only known from southern Texas), with five species with larger distributions, reaching Nicaragua (C. notatipennis Stål), Costa Rica (C. labyrinthica Stål) or Panama (C. suboculata Stål, C. synthesys sp. nov. and C. tortilis Stål). The subgenus can be considered Neotropical, endemic of Central America and particularly diverse in the Mexican Transition Zone, between the Nearctic and Neotropical realms.

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The Brachiacantha Dejean, 1837 (Coleoptera, Coccinellidae) of Central America

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.1024.56927 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 1024 ◽

pp. 157-196

Author(s):

Jorge Ismael Nestor-Arriola ◽

Víctor Hugo Toledo-Hernández ◽

Ángel Solís ◽

Guillermo González ◽

Jaroslav Větrovec

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

El Salvador ◽

Central America ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

New Records ◽

Central American ◽

Type Material ◽

First Time ◽

Central American Species

A revision of the Central American species of the genus Brachiacantha was undertaken to update the knowledge of the Central American species of the genus. Material of several collections was reviewed, using original descriptions and keys, and comparing with the type material. Twenty-five species of the genus Brachiacantha were found in Central American material, including nine new species: B. nubes Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. dentata Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. isthmena Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. aurantiapleura Nestor-Arriola, Solís and Toledo-Hernández, sp. nov., B. invertita Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. papiliona Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. tica Nestor-Arriola, Toledo-Hernández and Solís, sp. nov., B. hexaspina González, Větrovec and Nestor-Arriola, sp. nov., and B. mimica Nestor-Arriola and Toledo-Hernández, sp. nov. Nomenclatural changes include Brachiacantha gorhami (Weise), comb. nov., B. guatemalensis (Gorham), comb. nov., and Brachiacantha duodecimguttata Leng, syn. nov. for B. lepida Mulsant. The male genitalia of the species B. fenestrata Gorhan, B. octostigma Mulsant, B. aperta Weise, and B. cachensis Gorhan are described and illustrated for the first time. New records include B. indubitabilis Crotch and B. bipartita Mulsant (Costa Rica and Guatemala), B. gorhami (Weise) (El Salvador), and B. cachensis Gorham (Panamá). A key to the species is included.

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Two new species of Desmopachria Babington, 1841 in the D. convexa species group (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hyphydrini)

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.923.47104 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 923 ◽

pp. 65-77

Author(s):

Kelly B. Miller

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

South America ◽

Central America ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Lateral Lobe ◽

Species Group ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Two New Species

Two new species are described in the Desmopachria convexa species group in the Neotropical genus Desmopachria Babington: D. mancosp. nov. (Guyana), and D. mortimersp. nov. (Costa Rica). Two subgroups, the D. convexa-convexa and the D. convexa-signata groups are defined. Desmopachria convexa-convexa species are from North and Central America and have a subapical articulable lobe on the male lateral lobe that is large and elongate and extends well beyond the slender, oblique apex of the lateral lobe. Desmopachria convexa-signata species are from South America and have a subapical articulable lobe on the male lateral lobe that is small and discrete and does not extend beyond the truncate apex of the lateral lobe. The male genitalia of all recognized species in the D. convexa group are redrawn from the literature. New species are illustrated from specimens and described species have morphological features redrawn from published illustrations.

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Revision of the Neotropical genus Domodon Reemer (Diptera: Syrphidae), with description of three new species

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4648.3.7 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 4648 (3) ◽

pp. 523-536

Author(s):

FERNANDO DA SILVA CARVALHO-FILHO ◽

MARLÚCIA BONIFÁCIO MARTINS ◽

MATHEUS TAVARES DE SOUZA ◽

MENNO REEMER

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

South America ◽

Central America ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

French Guiana ◽

Type Material ◽

Key To Species ◽

Northern South America ◽

Three New Species

The Syrphidae genus Domodon Reemer, 2013 so far included two species, D. zodiacus Reemer, 2013 and D. peperpotensis Reemer, 2014, both recorded only from Suriname. Additional specimens belonging to this genus have been collected in many other localities in South and Central America. In this paper, the genus is revised and three new species are described: D. caxiuana sp. nov. (northern South America), D. inaculeatus sp. nov. (northern South America), and D. sensibilis sp. nov. (Costa Rica). The distribution of D. peperpotensis is extended to include French Guiana. Photographs of the type material of the new species and illustrations of male genitalia of all species are provided, as well as a key to species.

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Description of three new species of Nymphistrini (Coleoptera: Histeridae: Haeteriinae) from Central America

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.3500.1.2 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 3500 (1) ◽

pp. 36 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

ALEXEY K. TISHECHKIN ◽

ALIDA MERCADO CÁRDENAS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

Central America ◽

Central American ◽

Army Ants ◽

Identification Keys ◽

Three New Species ◽

Central American Species

Three new species belonging to the tribe Nymphistrini of the obligate myrmeco- and termitophilous subfamily Haeteriinae (Coleoptera: Histeridae) are described from Central America: Nymphister rettenmeyeri sp. n. (Costa Rica and Panama), Trichoreninus carltoni sp. n. (Belize and Honduras) and T. neo sp. n. (Costa Rica and Panama). Identification keys for the Central American species of both genera are prepared. Available host records for N. rettenmeyeri confirm the symbiosis of the genus with Eciton army ants: the species has been found in colonies of E. burchelli (Westwood), E. hamatum (Fabricius) and E. mexicanum Roger. Host records are not available for the new species of Trichoreninus as all known specimens were collected by flight intercept traps.

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5.4 Swine production systems in Central America: limiting factors, prospects and research requirements

BSAP Occasional Publication ◽

10.1017/s0263967x00000604 ◽

1981 ◽

Vol 4 ◽

pp. 279-289

Author(s):

B. Quijandria

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Central America ◽

Gross National Product ◽

Production Systems ◽

Agricultural Products ◽

Central American ◽

Limiting Factors ◽

Relative Importance ◽

Swine Production ◽

Active Population

The relative importance of agriculture in the Central American region (Costa Rica, El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua and Panama) is beyond question. With close to 65% of its economically active population devoted to agriculture, with 95% of its exports based on agricultural products and with 30% of the Gross National Product (GNP) originated by agriculture, this area is particularly dependent on this activity for its development (SIECA and GAFICA, 1975).

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The Challenge for the Central American Integration System (SICA): The Withdrawal of Costa Rica During the Cuban Migrant Crisis 2015

Global Jurnal Politik Internasional ◽

10.7454/global.v22i1.482 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 125

Author(s):

Damaris Stein

Keyword(s):

Costa Rica ◽

Central America ◽

Regional Integration ◽

National Level ◽

Central American ◽

Integration Process ◽

Integration System ◽

Historical Aspects ◽

Institutional Level ◽

Migration Crisis

Central America has the longest experience with regional integration efforts apart from Europe and regional integration was on its rise with the establishment of the Central American Integration System (SICA). However, the organisation has been struggling to move the integration process further; experiencing a climax of fragmentation when Costa Rica left SICA during the Cuban migration crisis in 2015. This article focuses on the factors which contributed to the withdrawal of Costa Rica by looking at: (1) the institutional level of SICA; (2) Costa Rica’s policies that have hindered Central American integration; and (3) Costa Rica’s main reasons for its non-integrationist actions. This article argues that the cause can be found at both the institutional level and the national level. It further shows that SICA failed at deepening its integration due to its supranational ambitions installed in its institutional framework. Moreover, through qualitative research methods, it has been found that Costa Rica’s foreign policy is characterised by defying SICA’s organisational bodies. This article concludes by proposing four major reasons to explain Costa Rica’s non-integrationist actions which can be subsumed under (1) historical aspects, (2) no trade benefits from its membership, (3) immigration issues and lastly, (4) the legitimacy problem of SICA.

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Taxonomy of Central American water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 (Coleoptera: Hydrochidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4974.3.2 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4974 (3) ◽

pp. 459-503

Author(s):

PHILIP D. PERKINS

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Costa Rica ◽

High Resolution ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Central American ◽

Water Beetles ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

New Synonym ◽

High Resolution Images

The taxonomy of Central American water beetles in the genus Hydrochus Leach, 1817 is presented, including the Mexican fauna. The known fauna now consists of 26 species, nine of which are described as new species. The new species are diagnosed, and high-resolution images of the habitus and male genitalia of each species, and detailed descriptions of the male genitalia are given. Geographical distribution maps are given for all species. The following new species are described: H. aeruginosus n. sp. (Mexico), H. argutoides n. sp. (Costa Rica), H. biexcavatus n. sp. (Belize, Costa Rica, Honduras, Mexico, Nicaragua), H. laevigatus n. sp. (Mexico), H. lubricus n. sp. (Mexico), H. mesoamericanus n. sp. (Belize, Mexico), H. nayaritensis n. sp. (Mexico), H. panamensis n. sp. (Panama), and H. perpunctatus n. sp. (Mexico), Images of the habitus and male genitalia, and detailed descriptions of the male genitalia are also provided for the following previously described species: H. beeneni Makhan 1992, H. bernardi Makhan 1994, H. brianbrowni Makhan 2005, H. elineae Makhan 1994, H. foveatus Haldeman 1852, H. vagus LeConte 1852, H. vanvondeli Makhan 1994, and H. variolatus LeConte 1852. New locality data are provided for 17 species: H. beeneni Makhan 1992, H. bernardi Makhan 1994, H. brianbrowni Makhan 2005, H. debilis Sharp 1882, H. directus Perkins 2020, H. elineae Makhan 1994, H. foveatus Haldeman 1852, H. leei Perkins 2019, H. obscurus Sharp 1882, H. pertuberculatus Perkins 2020, H. piroei Makhan 1992, H. sagittarius Perkins 2019c, H. soekhnandanae Makhan 1992, H. steineri Perkins 2020, H. vagus LeConte 1852, H. vanvondeli Makhan 1994, and H. variolatus LeConte 1852. Lectotypes are designated for H. vagus LeConte 1852. H. otvosi Makhan 1993 is a new synonym of H. variolatus LeConte 1852.

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A revision of Oocyclus Sharp of Mexico and Central America (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae)

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.783.1.1 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 783 (1) ◽

pp. 1 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

A.E.Z. SHORT ◽

P.D. PERKINS

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Digital Images ◽

Central American ◽

Online Version ◽

Central American Species ◽

New Distribution

The hygropetric genus Oocyclus Sharp is revised for Mexico and Central America. Eight species are described as new: O. catarata n. sp., O. funestus n. sp., O. grandis n. sp., O. muscus n. sp., O. ornatus n. sp., O. sharpi n. sp., O substillus n. sp., and O. tapanti n. sp. Redescriptions and new distribution records are provided for O. brevicornis Sharp, O. maculatus Sharp and O. vestitus Sharp. A lectotype is designated for O. brevicornis. A key to known Mexican and Central American species is provided. All species are associated with hygropetric habitats, including rock seeps and the spray zones of waterfalls and cascades. Digital images of the holotypes are provided (online version in color) and male genitalia illustrated.El g nero Oocyclus Sharp es revisado para M xico y Am rica Central. Ocho especies son descritas como nuevas: O. catarata n. sp., O. funestus n. sp., O. grandis n. sp., O. muscus n. sp., O. ornatus n. sp., O. sharpi n. sp., O. substillus n. sp., y O. tapanti n. sp. O. brevicornis Sharp, O. maculatus Sharp y O. vestitus Sharp son redescritas, proporcionando nuevos registros de distribuci n. Se designa un lectotipo para O. brevicornis. Se proporciona una clave para todas las especies conocidas de M xico y Am rica Central. Se proporcionan im genes digitales de los holotipos (la versi n electr nica en color) y la genitalia masculina es ilustrada para todas las especies.

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Radical, Reformist and Aborted Liberalism: Origins of National Regimes in Central America

Journal of Latin American Studies ◽

10.1017/s0022216x0100606x ◽

2001 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 221-256 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

JAMES MAHONEY

Keyword(s):

Twentieth Century ◽

Costa Rica ◽

El Salvador ◽

Central America ◽

Political Development ◽

Central American ◽

Political Leaders ◽

Reform Period ◽

Liberal Reform ◽

Progressive Democracy

During the twentieth century, the countries of Central America were characterised by remarkably different political regimes: military-authoritarianism in Guatemala and El Salvador, progressive democracy in Costa Rica and traditional-authoritarianism in Honduras and Nicaragua. This article explains these contrasting regime outcomes by exploring the agrarian and state-building reforms pursued by political leaders during the nineteenth- and early twentieth-century liberal reform period. Based on differences in the transformation of state and class structures, three types of liberalism are identified: radical liberalism in Guatemala and El Salvador, reformist liberalism in Costa Rica and aborted liberalism in Honduras and Nicaragua. It is argued that these types of liberalism set the Central American countries on contrasting paths of political development, culminating in diverse regime outcomes.

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A REVISION OF THE GENUS TACHINUS (COLEOPTERA: STAPHYLINIDAE) OF NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA

Memoirs of the Entomological Society of Canada ◽

10.4039/entm10590fv ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 105 (S90) ◽

pp. 7-137 ◽

Cited By ~ 31

Author(s):

J. M. Campbell

Keyword(s):

Central America ◽

Male Genitalia ◽

Central American ◽

Male And Female ◽

The North ◽

History Of ◽

Collecting Techniques ◽

Species Groups ◽

Males And Females ◽

Central American Species

AbstractThe species of the genus Tachinus (Staphylinidae: Tachyporinae) of North and Central America are revised. Forty-four species are recognized, of which eight are described as new; eight species names are placed in synonymy. The subgenera Drymoporus Thomson and Porodrymus Rey are placed in synonymy with Tachinus and the genus is divided into 17 species groups based on an examination of both the Nearctic and the Palearctic fauna. The distribution of each species is mapped and the male genitalia, the male and female eighth abdominal sternites and tergites, and the male seventh sternite are illustrated for every species. A neotype is designated for T. fumipennis Say, and lectotypes are designated for all the North and Central American species of Tachinus described by Gravenhorst, Erichson, Mäklin, Horn, and Sharp. Diagnostic keys for males and females are included. A brief discussion of the nomenclatural history of the genus, of collecting techniques, and of the major diagnostic characters is included.

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