Effects of a 4-week Wheat Bran Diet Combined with Weight Self-monitoring on Visceral Fat and Body Weight Among Overweight Individuals

The experiment was conducted with the objective of to evaluate the comparative feeding value of improved forages as a replacement of concentrate mix with its economic benefits on feed intake, body weight gain and carcass parameters of Afar goats. Twenty-five yearling intact male Afar goats with initial mean body weight of 15.05±1.25 (mean ± SD) were used for the experiment in randomized complete block design. The experimental animals were grouped in to five blocks of five animals based on their initial body weight and each animal within each block was randomly assigned to one of the five treatment diets. Treatments were grazing (Ad libitum) + 100% concentrate mix (wheat bran and noug seed cake) (T1), grazing (Ad libitum) + 100 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) (T2), grazing (Ad libitum) + 50 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 50% concentrate mix (T3), grazing (Ad libitum) + 25 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 75% concentrate mix (T4), and grazing (Ad libitum) + 75 % mixed forage (Rhodes and cowpea) + 25% concentrate mix (T5). The experiment was consisted of feeding trial followed by carcass evaluation. The supplement given at the rate of 300gDM/head/day. Water and mineralized salt block were available free of choice. The concentrate mix was 2:1 (wheat bran and Noug seed cake. The CP content of the NSC (Noug seed cake), WB (wheat bran), cowpea and Rhodes grass were 31.3, 17.4, 16.9 and 8.6 %, respectively. Organic matter and basal intake were not significant difference (P>0.05) among the treatments, while intake of supplement was slightly higher (P<0.05) for T1, T4, T3, than T5 and T2 respectively. Average daily gain in was higher 110g/d (T4). Hot carcass weight was slightly higher (P<0.05) for T4 10.82 kg. The use of sole cowpea and Rhodes grass mix instead of concentrate mix was reduces feed cost and increase net return. Mixture of cowpea and Rhodes grass as sole supplement is relatively comparable to the supplementary value of concentrate mixture to improve Afar goat performance but forage mix was required higher (p<0.05) feed to bring the same weight to other concentrate contained treatment diets.

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Abstract 11616: Effect of a Lifestyle Weight Loss Intervention on Visceral Fat and Glycemic Control Among Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.11616 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Soohyun Nam ◽

Devon A Dobrosielski ◽

Kerry J Stewart

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Weight Loss Diet

Background: Though a high amount of visceral fat is associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), less is known about whether lifestyle modification (weight loss diet and exercise) induced changes in visceral fat are associated with improvements in glycemia. Methods: We randomized 77 individuals aged 35-65 years with T2D or pre-diabetes to 6-months of weight loss diet (D); or D combined with supervised moderate-intensity exercise training (D+E). Study measures were total abdominal, visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes by magnetic resonance imaging, aerobic fitness expressed as VO 2 peak during treadmill testing, body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c levels from blood samples. Results: Of 77 subjects (mean age, 54.8±7.8 years; mean BMI, 34.5 ± 4.7 kg/m 2 , women, 77.9%; Whites-65%, Blacks-34%, Asians-1%), n=37 had T2D and n=40 had pre-diabetes. At 6 months, both D and D+E groups improved from baseline (p<0.05 for all) but did not differ in their changes for body weight (D: -6.04 ± 4.54 kg; D+E: -6.68 ± 4.48 kg, p= 0.61 for the group differences in change), abdominal total fat (D: -101.93 ± 68.67 cm 2 ; D+E:-104.16 ± 72.37 cm 2 , p= 0.92), visceral fat (D:-25.53 ± 39.44 cm 2 ; D+E:,-23.24 ± 35.62 cm 2 , p=0.85), HbA1c (D:0.04 ± 0.46%; D+E:0.03 ± 0.63%, p=0.96), and VO 2 peak (D: 2.26 ± 3.92 ml/kg/min ; D+E:3.71 ± 2.65 ml/kg/min, p=0.11). In a multivariate analysis, adjusting for baseline visceral fat, T2D status, body weight loss and increases in aerobic fitness, a reduction in HbA1c (β=-0.49, p =0.007) was associated with a reduction in visceral fat (R 2 =0.34, p=0.02). Conclusion: The key finding was that diet or diet plus exercise-mediated reductions in visceral fat was associated with reduced HbA1c among individuals with T2D or pre-diabetes. These data contribute to growing body of evidence of the benefits of reducing abdominal obesity, in this case, resulting in better glycemic control in T2D and pre-diabetes.

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Bimatoprost promotes satiety and attenuates body weight in rats fed standard or obesity-promoting diets.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-24991/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Clayton Spada ◽

Chau Vu ◽

Iona Raymond ◽

Warren Tong ◽

Chia-Lin Chuang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Weight Gain ◽

Gastric Emptying ◽

Food Intake ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Body Weight Gain ◽

Metabolic Effects ◽

Sprague Dawley ◽

Hormone Levels ◽

Gut Hormone

Abstract Background Bimatoprost negatively regulates adipogenesis in vitro and likely participates in a negative feedback loop on anandamide-induced adipogenesis. Here, we investigate the broader metabolic effects of bimatoprost action in vivo in rats under both normal state and obesity-inducing conditions. Methods Male Sprague Dawley rats were a fed standard chow (SC) diet in conjunction with dermally applied bimatoprost treatment for a period of 9–10 weeks. Body weight gain, energy expenditure, food intake, and hormones associated with satiety were measured. Gastric emptying was also separately evaluated. In obesity-promoting diet studies, rats were fed a cafeteria diet (CAF) and gross weight, fat accumulation in SQ, visceral fat and liver was evaluated together with standard serum chemistry. Results Chronic bimatoprost administration attenuated weight gain in rats fed either standard or obesity-promoting diets over a 9–10 weeks. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Additionally, SQ and visceral fat mass was distinctly affected by treatment. Bimatoprost increased satiety as measured by decreased food intake, gastric emptying and circulating gut hormone levels. Conclusions These findings suggest that bimatoprost (and possibly prostamide F2α) regulates energy homeostasis through actions on dietary intake. These actions likely counteract the metabolic actions of anandamide through the endocannabinoid system potentially revealing a new pathway that could be exploited for therapeutic development.

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Frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose in relation to weight loss and A1C during intensive multidisciplinary weight management in patients with type 2 diabetes and obesity

BMJ Open Diabetes Research & Care ◽

10.1136/bmjdrc-2019-000659 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. e000659 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Shaheen Tomah ◽

Noor Mahmoud ◽

Adham Mottalib ◽

David M Pober ◽

Mhd Wael Tasabehji ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Blood Glucose ◽

Weight Management ◽

Average Frequency ◽

Baseline Body Mass Index ◽

Self Monitoring ◽

Median Change

ObjectiveWe evaluated the relationship between frequency of self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG) and body weight, A1C, and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity enrolled in a 12-week intensive multidisciplinary weight management (IMWM) program.Research design and methodsWe conducted a retrospective analysis of 42 patients who electronically uploaded their SMBG data over 12 weeks of an IMWM program and divided them into tertiles based on their average frequency of SMBG per day. Mean (range) SMBG frequencies were 2.3 (1.1–2.9) times/day, 3.4 (3–3.9) times/day, and 5 (4–7.7) times/day in the lowest, middle, and highest tertiles, respectively. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and after 12 weeks of intervention.ResultsParticipants in the highest tertile achieved a median change (IQR) in body weight of −10.4 kg (−7.6 to −14.4 kg) compared with −8.3 kg (−5.2 to −12.2 kg), and −6.9 kg (−4.2 to −8.9 kg) in the middle and lowest tertiles, respectively (p=0.018 for trend). Participants in the highest tertile had a median change (IQR) in A1C of −1.25% (−0.6 to −3.1%) compared with −0.8% (−0.3% to −2%) and −0.5% (−0.2% to −1.2%) in the middle and lowest tertiles, respectively (p=0.048 for trend). The association between change in body weight and SMBG frequency remained significant after adjusting for age, sex, baseline body mass index, diabetes duration, and use of insulin therapy.ConclusionsIncreased frequency of SMBG during IMWM is associated with significantly better weight loss and improvement of A1C in patients with T2D and obesity. These findings may suggest future clinical recommendations aimed at increasing SMBG frequency to achieve the most favorable outcomes.

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Home alone: a systematic review and meta-analysis on the effects of individual housing on body weight, food intake and visceral fat mass in rodents

Obesity Reviews ◽

10.1111/obr.12663 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (5) ◽

pp. 614-637 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

L. Schipper ◽

L. Harvey ◽

E. M. van der Beek ◽

G. van Dijk

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Body Weight ◽

Food Intake ◽

Fat Mass ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Individual Housing

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Quantities of Food eaten by the Desert Locust, Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.), in Relation to Growth

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300029618 ◽

1954 ◽

Vol 45 (3) ◽

pp. 539-551 ◽

Cited By ~ 71

Author(s):

P. M. Davey

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Food Consumption ◽

Wheat Bran ◽

Schistocerca Gregaria ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Desert Locust ◽

First Instar ◽

Males And Females

The weight of fresh grass eaten by Schistocerca gregaria (Forsk.) on each day of its development from hatching until maturation of the adults was investigated. Hoppers in all instars ate on the average about one gram per gram body-weight per day on the middle days of the instars and the adults ate approximately half-a-gram per gram body-weight each day. The percentage of food assimilated, calculated from the dry faeces and estimated dry weight of food eaten, falls from about 78 in the first to 35 in the fifth instar. There were some indication that the food consumption per hopper increases with the number of hoppers per cage.The weight of wheat bran eaten by hoppers was also investigated. The amount eaten by hoppers on the middle day of the first instar is approximately the same, in relation to their body weight, as that eaten per day just before and just after moulting by those in the fourth and fifth instars. More is eaten in the middle of these instars.Measurements of weights and lengths of males and females in the hopper instars and of the weights of adults showed that in the course of their development females become progressively heavier and larger than males. The weight of a newly-hatched hopper is about 10 mg.; a female fledgling weighs about 2 gm. and a male 1·5 gm. Hoppers are approximately 1 cm. long on hatching, and males on reaching maturity are about 4·5 cm. long and females about 5.0 cm.

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Garlic extract attenuates brain mitochondrial dysfunction and cognitive deficit in obese-insulin resistant rats

Applied Physiology Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1139/apnm-2014-0255 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 39 (12) ◽

pp. 1373-1379 ◽

Cited By ~ 18

Author(s):

Hiranya Pintana ◽

Jirapas Sripetchwandee ◽

Luerat Supakul ◽

Nattayaporn Apaijai ◽

Nipon Chattipakorn ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Body Weight ◽

Cognitive Function ◽

Mitochondrial Dysfunction ◽

Mitochondrial Function ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Cognitive Deficit ◽

Garlic Extract ◽

Insulin Resistant ◽

Mitochondrial Functions ◽

Brain Mitochondrial Function

Oxidative stress in the obese-insulin resistant condition has been shown to affect cognitive as well as brain mitochondrial functions. Garlic extract has exerted a potent antioxidant effect. However, the effects of garlic extract on the brain of obese-insulin resistant rats have never been investigated. We hypothesized that garlic extract improves cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function in obese-insulin resistant rats induced by long-term high-fat diet (HFD) consumption. Male Wistar rats were fed either normal diet or HFD for 16 weeks (n = 24/group). At week 12, rats in each dietary group received either vehicle or garlic extract (250 and 500 mg·kg–1·day–1) for 28 days. Learning and memory behaviors, metabolic parameters, and brain mitochondrial function were determined at the end of treatment. HFD led to increased body weight, visceral fat, plasma insulin, cholesterol, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating the development of insulin resistance. Furthermore, HFD rats had cognitive deficit and brain mitochondrial dysfunction. HFD rats treated with both doses of garlic extract had decreased body weight, visceral fat, plasma cholesterol, and MDA levels. Garlic extract also improved cognitive function and brain mitochondrial function, which were impaired in obese-insulin resistant rats caused by HFD consumption.

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