scholarly journals Mathematical Modeling, Design and Development of Light-Weight Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) Pipe Based Quadrotor for Monitoring an Outdoor Environment

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 10
Author(s):  
Khan Muhammad ◽  
Naveed Sheikh ◽  
Abdul Rehman
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Light Weight ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Pvc Pipe

A Tractor Mounted Sampler for Obtaining Large Soil Columns

1990 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 913-917 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Walker ◽  
J. David O'Dell ◽  
Jeff D. Wolt ◽  
G. Neil Rhodes ◽  
John G. Graveel
Keyword(s):  
Rapid Method ◽  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Hydraulic System ◽  
Hydraulic Cylinder ◽  
Cylinder Pressure ◽  
Soil Columns ◽  
Physical Effort ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Large Soil ◽  
Pesticide Leaching

A tractor mounted sampler was constructed which allows large soil columns to be obtained rapidly and with minimal physical effort. The machine utilizes the hydraulic system of a tractor to push a steel sampling cylinder containing 30.5-cm id. polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe into the soil, after which the hydraulic cylinder is retracted to pull the pipe and enclosed soil from the ground. Columns 68 cm in length were taken with a hydraulic cylinder pressure of approximately 10 MPa. Soil separated evenly at the bottom of the columns, and compaction was measured to be approximately 5%. This is a relatively simple and rapid method for obtaining large soil columns for use in pesticide leaching studies.

scholarly journals Automatic Irrigation of Container Plants in Outdoor Sales Area

HortScience ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 39 (4) ◽  
pp. 769B-769
Author(s):  
Kyle P. Lewis* ◽  
Jack W. Buxton
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Table ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Water Reservoir ◽  
Outdoor Environment ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Water Requirements ◽  
Diameter Pipe ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
Mass Marketing

Maintaining adequate water for container plants in outdoor sales areas is difficult during the late spring and summer. In mass marketing areas employees are uninformed about the water requirements of plants under various environmental conditions. Plants often are severely stressed and over all quality reduced. A system was developed to automatically irrigate container plants in an outdoor sales area. The system is a modification of the Controlled Water Table (CWT) irrigation system developed at the Univ. of Kentucky (U.K.). The sales area consisted of 2 shelves each 2.44 m long and 0.28 m wide. A trough was constructed from a 5-cm diameter pipe with a 1/4 slot; it was attached to the back side of the shelf. One side of a capillary mat, placed on the shelves, was suspended in the trough containing water. Two systems were used to maintain the level of water in the trough. One was a small float valve installed in a 10-cm PVC pipe which was attached to the 5-cm PVC pipe. The float was adjusted to maintain the water in the trough 2 cm below the top of the shelf. The water reservoir consisted of a 20-cm diameter PVC pipe, 1.22 m long that held 70 L of water. A second system maintained a constant water level in the trough using Torricellian tube principle. The water reservoir was the same as above except it was tightly sealed so no air could leak from the system. The water table was maintained 2 cm below the bench surface by rotating a hole in small cap. A variety of plants in containers, ranging from 10 cm to 5 L pots were maintained without water stress, in a greenhouse environment as well in an outdoor environment for several weeks.

scholarly journals DURABILIDADE E DESEMPENHO DOS COMPONENTES DE UM SISTEMA DE PULVERIZAÇÃO ACOPLADO AO PIVÔ CENTRAL

2011 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Robson André ARMINDO2 ◽  
Tarlei Arriel BOTREL ◽  
Priscila Rosenbaum FERIANCIC
Keyword(s):  
Polyvinyl Chloride ◽  
Significant Variation ◽  
Irrigation System ◽  
Solenoid Valve ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Center Pivot ◽  
Pvc Pipe ◽  
And Performance ◽  
System Prototype

Neste trabalho, teve-se por objetivo avaliar a durabilidade e o desempenho de um protótipo de sistema de pulverização (NOTLIADA), acoplado ao sistema de irrigação pivô central, quanto ao conjunto de emissão; ao conjunto eletro-eletrônico de acionamento; a válvula solenóide; e a adaptação de uma tubulação de cloreto de polivinila (PVC), de instalação predial soldável. Os testes foram realizados em um protótipo do sistema, montando em uma área anexa ao Laboratório de Hidráulica do Departamento de Engenharia Rural (LER), pertencente à Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz” - ESALQ/USP. Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que não houve alteração, a 5% de significância, da vazão dos quatro tipos de conjuntos de emissão testados em 505 horas intermitentes de avaliação. Também a 5% de significância, não houve variação dos diâmetros dos emissores. O circuito eletro-eletrônico, a válvula solenóide, a tubulação de material PVC (cloreto de polivinila) soldável e os demais dispositivos da barra de pulverização operaram satisfatoriamente no mesmo período de avaliação confirmando a confiabilidade do sistema de pulverização desenvolvido. ABSTRACT This work aimed to evaluate the durability and performance of the pulverization system prototype (NOTLIADA) attached to center pivot irrigation system. The flow emission sets, electronic actuation, solenoid valve and the adaptation of a polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipe were evaluated. Tests were performed on a prototype system, riding in the Laboratório de Hidráulica of the Departamento de Engenharia de Biossistemas, belonging to the Escola Superior de Agricultura "Luiz de Queiroz" - ESALQ /USP. The results showed no change, 5% significance level, in the flow of the four different emission sets tested in intermittent evaluation and also, no significant variation of the emitters diameters. The circuit electronics, solenoid valve, pipe and other devices of the spray bar operated satisfactorily during the same period of evaluation confirmed the reliability of the pulverization system developed.

Comprehensive calculation and experimental method for assessing the reliability of technical systems of aerial vehicle

2018 ◽  
pp. 22-31
Author(s):  
V. G. Isaev ◽  
N. G. Seregin ◽  
S. V. Sorokin
Keyword(s):  
Mathematical Modeling ◽  
Experimental Method ◽  
Complex Analysis ◽  
Accelerated Tests ◽  
Design And Development ◽  
Development Stages ◽  
Forecasting Methods ◽  
Complex Calculation ◽  
Aerial Vehicle ◽  
Technical Systems

The article considers a complex calculation and experimental method for evaluating the reliability of aircraft technical systems at the design and development stages of prototypes. The forecasting of reliability of technical systems by analytical methods is given. A brief presentation about mathematical modeling of products is given. Operational and bench accelerated tests of technical systems are considered. The necessity of complex analysis of analytical forecasting methods, operational and bench accelerated tests is shown to assess the reliability of technical systems of aircraft during the design and development stages of prototypes.

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