Chemical Profiling of Volatile Compounds in Brazilian Green Propolis and Its Application to Geographical Discrimination

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (5) ◽  
pp. 693-699
Author(s):  
Lulu Geng ◽  
Min Wang ◽  
Mingshi Liu ◽  
Haoyang Sun
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Score Plot ◽  
Chemical Profiling ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Nist Database ◽  
Geographical Discrimination ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Brazilian Green Propolis

In this paper, a novel approach was set up to analyze and discriminate propolis from different regions based on GC-MS and multivariate statistical analysis. A number of Chinese and Brazilian green propolis samples were dealt with based on this method, and a set of data were processed with partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA). A clear differences between the two groups were shown in score plot. The chemical markers for the differentiation were selected through loading plot. Based on the comparison between the reference and/or NIST database and mass fragments in the publication, chemical markers were tentatively identified. Lauric acid, 2(3H)-naphthalenone, spathulenol and benzenebutanoic acid were taken as chemical markers based on the above strategy. This research could provide some valuable information to the quality control of propolis from different origins.

scholarly journals Optimal Falling Track Design for Twice detonating Fuze of Double event Fuel air Explosive with High Speed

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 366-373
Author(s):  
Congliang Ye ◽  
Qi Zhang
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
High Efficiency ◽  
Single Point ◽  
Design System ◽  
Motion Trajectory ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Scale Experiment ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Point Center ◽  
Double Event

To prevent the initiation failure caused by the uncontrolled fuze and improve the weapon reliability in the high-speed double-event fuel-air explosive (DEFAE) application, it is necessary to study the TDF motion trajectory and set up a twice-detonating fuze (TDF) design system. Hence, a novel approach of realising the fixed single-point center initiation by TDF within the fuel air cloud is proposed. Accordingly, a computational model for the TDF motion state with the nonlinear mechanics analysis is built due to the expensive and difficult full-scale experiment. Moreover, the TDF guidance design system is programmed using MATLAB with the equations of mechanical equilibrium. In addition, by this system, influences of various input parameters on the TDF motion trajectory are studied in detail singly. Conclusively, the result of a certain TDF example indicates that this paper provides an economical idea for the TDF design, and the developed graphical user interface of high-efficiency for the weapon designers to facilitate the high-speed DEFAE missile development.

scholarly journals UPLC-Q-TOF/MS Coupled with Multivariate Statistical Analysis as a Powerful Technique for Rapidly Exploring Potential Chemical Markers to Differentiate between Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra

2013 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1300800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nian-cui Luo ◽  
Wen Ding ◽  
Jing Wu ◽  
Da-wei Qian ◽  
Zhen-hao Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Multivariate Statistical Analysis ◽  
Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
Uv Spectra ◽  
Chemical Markers ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Radix Paeoniae Alba ◽  
Tof Ms

To explore rapidly the potential chemical markers for differentiating Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra, a method is proposed based on ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-TOF/MS) coupled with multivariate statistical analysis. Batches of commercial samples were analyzed by UPLC-Q-TOF/MS. The datasets of tR-m/z pair, ion intensities and sample codes were further processed with orthogonal partial least squared discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to compare holistically the difference between these two kinds of samples. Then statistics were used to generate an S-plot, in which the variables (tR-m/z pair) contributing most to the difference were clearly depicted as points at the two ends of “S”, and the components correlated to these ions should be regarded as the chemical markers. The identities of the most changed markers can be identified by comparing the mass/UV spectra and retention times with those of reference compounds and/or tentatively assigned by matching empirical molecular formulae with those of known compounds published in the literature. Using this proposed approach, albflorin, paeoniflorin, oxypaeoniflorin, benzoylpaeoniflorin, galloylalbiflorin and paeoniflorigenone were found to be the differentiating components for discrimination of Radix Paeoniae Alba and Radix Paeoniae Rubra. Moreover, paeoniflorin sulfonate and its isomer, isomaltopaeoniflorin sulfonate, were found to be the characteristic markers for all Radix Paeoniae Alba samples that were processed by sulfurdioxide gas fumigation. The results suggested that this newly established approach could be used to explore rapidly the potential chemical markers for herbs with similar chemical characteristics.

Why is the Tuaheni Landslide Complex a spreading failure?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Morelia Urlaub ◽  
Jon Carey ◽  
Gareth Crutchley ◽  
Joshu Mountjoy
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Models ◽  
Significant Loss ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Movement Rates ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Stable Slope ◽  
Dynamic Experiments ◽  
Direction Of Movement ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Undrained Loading

<p>Numerous subaqueous landslides exhibit spreading failure morphologies which are typically characterized by repetitive patterns of parallel ridges and troughs oriented perpendicular to the direction of movement. Whilst these spreading failures are commonly attributed to (i) downslope removal of material causing unloading of the temporary stable slope or (ii) significant loss of shear strength of the substratum allowing blocks of overlying sediment to detach and slide downslope, their movement rates and potential triggers remain poorly constrained. <!-- Suggest wording this to set up motivation of research -->Spreading appears to be a dominant failure mechanism within the Tuaheni Landslide Complex (TLC)<!-- I’m not wedded to this name but makes some sense to stick with the same --> on the Hikurangi Subduction Margin off the coast of Gisborne, New Zealand. A combination of swath bathymetric, 2D and 3D seismic data, drilling investigations and laboratory experiments on sediments recovered from the TLC indicate that this geomorphology has been generated by translational failure. Failure could occur through episodic cycles of movement-arrest in response to either elevated pore fluid pressures or undrained loading during earthquakes<!-- We now have some data from dynamic experiments which would be good to include in the model -->. <!-- You will know better than me Morelia but it might pay to be a little more circumspect at this stage? -->We developed numerical models that integrate this unique data set to explore the processes that lead to spreading failure and determine how large shear strains can be accommodated without accelerating to catastrophic failure. The results provide a novel approach that demonstrates how seafloor morphology can, in part, be controlled by the underlying failure processes</p>

SAGRADO E SANTO

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (122) ◽  
pp. 399
Author(s):  
Paul Gilbert
Keyword(s):  
Religious Feeling ◽  
Philosophy And Religion ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Origins

As categorias da filosofia da religião são de diferentes origens. Algumas delas provêm da sociologia e da fenomenologia e tocam o fenômeno religioso mais de perto do que outras, muito particularmente, o ´sagrado‘ e o ´santo‘. Estas duas categorias, cujo significado é explicitado recorrendo a alguns dos principais autores que o ilustraram, instituem uma dialética entre a expressão exterior do sentimento religioso (o sagrado) e sua intenção interior (o santo). O sagrado sem santidade pode evidentemente provocar desastres ou autodestruirse, ao passo que a santidade irradia-se em sacralidade, que promove a glória de Deus.Abstract: The categories of philosophy and religion are of different origins, some of which stem from sociology and phenomenology and envisage the religious phenomenon more accurately than other ones, particularly the « sacred » and the « holy ». These two categories, whose meaning will be conveyed resorting to the main authors who illustrate them, set up a dialectic between the outer expression of the religious feeling (the sacred) and its inner intention (the holy). Sacredness without holiness can become disastrous and lead to its own destruction, whereas holiness radiates sacrality in God’s honour. 

Determining the Stability of Collaborative R&D Networks

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nils Altfeld ◽  
Johannes Hinckeldeyn ◽  
Jochen Kreutzfeldt ◽  
Peter Gust
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Management Approach ◽  
Project Networks ◽  
Centrality Index ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
High Betweenness ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Stability ◽  
The Right ◽  
High Betweenness Centrality

To reduce the likelihood that R&D projects fail, companies tend to perform collaborative R&D activities in networks. A fundamental characteristic of networks is stability. This paper introduces a novel approach that theoretically determines the stability of R&D networks and combines the analysis of network topology with a two-layer simulation model. Graph theory and measures from social network analysis are used to analyze the topology of collaborative R&D project networks. Our study enables us to identify the companies that play a key role in R&D networks. To ensure the right outcome of the collaborative R&D project, participants with a high betweenness centrality index should be monitored. These participants influence the stability of collaborative networks on a large scale. With these insights, an improved risk management approach can be set up.

Modeling of Giant Magnetostrictive Material Based on Multivariate Statistical Analysis

2012 ◽  
Vol 457-458 ◽  
pp. 46-49
Author(s):  
Xue Jun Zhu ◽  
Zhi Wen Zhu
Keyword(s):  
Significance Test ◽  
Partial Least Square ◽  
Least Square ◽  
Partial Least Square Regression ◽  
Hysteresis Phenomenon ◽  
Multivariate Statistical ◽  
Final Model ◽  
Magnetostrictive Material ◽  
Giant Magnetostrictive Material ◽  
Set Up

In this paper, a kind of giant magnetostrictive material (GMM) model based on hysteretic nonlinear theory was developed. Van de Pol nonlinear difference item was introduced to interpret the hysteresis phenomenon of the strain-magnetic field intensity (MFI) curve of GMM. The coupling relationship between MFI and frequency was obtained in partial least-square regression method to describe the driftage phenomenon of the strain-MFI curves of GMM in different frequencies. Based on above, the final relationship among strain, MFI and frequency was set up. The result of significance test shows that the effects of all of the items in the final model are remarkable, and that of forecast test shows that the model can describe the characteristics of GMA in different frequencies well. The new GMM model broadens the region of controlling frequency, and is easy to be analyzed in theory, which is helpful to vibration control.

scholarly journals A REVIEW OF THE APPLICATION OF ELECTROMAGNETIC FIELDS ON MICROBES FOR SURFACE SANITARY WIPES.

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Iron Core ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Antibacterial Effects ◽  
Cylindrical Pipe ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Frequency Radiation ◽  
Better Than

The approach in the use of electromagnetic fields (EMFs) has shown antimicrobial effects in different frequencies and intensities. So far, different modalities of EMFs showed antimicrobial and antibacterial effects in different pathogens. However, a novel approach in the use of the EMFs on microbes was carried out using elaborate experimental set up. Apart from the inclusion of ionic pH medium, a short cylindrical pipe was inserted to a short iron core of the same concentric center to form a space in between. Void materials of glass pebbles activated charcoal and saline water (Gel) was filled to the space respectively in accordance with the three experimental set-ups. A coil of wire was inserted around the iron core with the terminals connected to a 12v rechargeable finger battery. These three novel EMFs approaches were conducted under normal prevailing temperature and each of the experimental set up was tested on a table surface infected with pathogens. The novel results showed that the destruction of microbes was 99.9% in faster and better than the prior methods. This results of these experiments will pave way for the optimal industrial application of EMFs to make surface sanitary wipe efficient and effective in Nigeria. Keywords: Electromagnetic Field. Surface Wipes, Microbes, Frequency, Radiation.

scholarly journals Log Transport in the Limestone Alps, Austria: Where Did the Timber Go?

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Michael Grabner ◽  
Elisabeth Wächter ◽  
Sandra Karanitsch-Ackerl ◽  
Markus Jeitler ◽  
Günther Buchinger
Keyword(s):  
Natural Resources ◽  
National Park ◽  
Silver Fir ◽  
European Larch ◽  
Large Cities ◽  
Limestone Alps ◽  
Wood Demand ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Different Origins ◽  
Very High

Abstract Wood is one of the most important sustainable natural resources. Throughout centuries, large cities as well as regions of very high wood demand (for example, areas of salt production and iron processing) had to be supplied with wood for building and burning. One of the largest forests in Austria can be found in the National Park covering the range of mountains called “Limestone Alps.” Within this region, a wide network of dams was set up to transport single logs (“Holztrift”). Due to the dendrochronological dating of the surviving dams, regional chronologies spanning a length of almost 600 years for Norway spruce, Silver fir and European larch were set up. These chronologies serve as the background for dendro-provenancing timber. Dendro-provenancing checks the similarities between samples and different regional chronologies. The highest statistical figures give hints of the origins of the wood. Archival analyses show that many logs were transported to Vienna as rafts. For example, in 1865, more than 1504 rafts arrived in Vienna, all from different origins. The logs were used as building material as well as for burning. Further archival analyses showed that logs from this region were also used for building the roof of the Hofburg Castle in Vienna. Several hundred samples from the roof construction were dendrochronologically dated and used for dendro-provenancing. The origin of the logs was confirmed to be the wider region of the Northern alpine foothills. This meant that rafts from the rivers Alm and Traun as well as from the rivers Steyr and Enns had floated down to Vienna.

A Novel Approach of Load Balancing and Task Scheduling Using Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Selvakumar A. ◽  
Gunasekaran G.
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Computing ◽  
Load Balancing ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization ◽  
Ant Colony ◽  
Ant Colony Optimization Algorithm ◽  
Novel Approach ◽  
Productive Asset ◽  
Reduce Energy Consumption ◽  
Set Up

Cloud computing is a model for conveying data innovation benefits in which assets are recovered from the web through online devices and applications, instead of an immediate association with a server. Clients can set up and boot the required assets and they need to pay just for the required assets. Subsequently, later on giving a component to a productive asset administration and the task will be a vital target of Cloud computing. Load balancing is one of the major concerns in cloud computing, and the main purpose of it is to satisfy the requirements of users by distributing the load evenly among all servers in the cloud to maximize the utilization of resources, to increase throughput, provide good response time and to reduce energy consumption. To optimize resource allocation and ensure the quality of service, this article proposes a novel approach for load-balancing based on the enhanced ant colony optimization.

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