Design and Implementation of an Adaptable Trickle Algorithm for Amelioration of RPL Usage in Internet of Things Networks

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1186-1193
Author(s):  
J. N. V. R. Swarup Kumar ◽  
D. Suresh
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Message Routing ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Novel Algorithm

The efficient message routing is highly challenging in terms of low power and lossy networks (loT) for transmission of data with overhead and delay. The protocols used for routing need to be designed such that they should be working efficiently. Efficiency in calculated in terms of energy and delivery of packets. RPL protocol is also designed with the aim of making these two parameters efficient. Even then it contains drawbacks. Trickle algorithm is designed with a goal to reduce the drawbacks in RPL. Trickle algorithm is used in RPL protocols for creation of routes between nodes in the network with different intervals. Unfortunately, there exists some more downsides for the trickle algorithm, which made design of several algorithms inorder to analyse different drawbacks. In this paper, on analysing different types of trickle algorithms and locating the drawback in every algorithm, a novel algorithm is designed which helps in reduction of the drawbacks that are found. The description of this algorithm along with the simulation results done using Cooja 3.0 simulator is also discussed in this paper. The Simulation of the algorithm that is newly designed is done by assuming a network with different count of nodes and comparing the results with the previously introduced Trickle algorithms.

Network Performance Enhancement of Multi-sink Enabled Low Power Lossy Networks in SDN Based Internet of Things

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 367-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ghulam Shabbir ◽  
Adeel Akram ◽  
Muhammad Munwar Iqbal ◽  
Sohail Jabbar ◽  
Mai Alfawair ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Network Performance ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
Lossy Networks

scholarly journals Energy Efficient Composite Metric Based Routing Protocol for Internet of Things

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 1366-1381
Author(s):  
Sathishkumar Natesan ◽  
Rajakumar Krishnan
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Routing Protocol ◽  
Energy Efficient ◽  
Link Quality ◽  
Traffic Load ◽  
Delivery Ratio ◽  
Lossy Networks ◽  
Hop Count ◽  
Battery Discharge

The Routing Protocol for Low Power and Lossy Networks (RPL) is operated by gadgets comprised of many devices of embedded type with limited energy, memory as well as resources that do their process. The improvements in the life of the network and energy conservation are the key challenging features in Low Power and Lossy Networks (LLN). Obviously, the LLN has a key strategic part in routing. The Internet of Things (IoT) device is expected to make the apt choice. In LLN, the poor routing choice leads to traffic congestion, reduction in power as well as packet loss ratio. The task in the proposal analyzes Delay (D), Load (L) and Battery Discharge Index (BDI) pivoted Energy Efficient Composite Metric Routing (EECMR) protocol for LLN. The performance of the work in the proposal is evaluated by the COOJA simulator. It outperforms with respect to Network Lifetime (NL), Delay as well as Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR) contrasted to the routing metrics like Traffic Load (TL), Link Quality (LQ), Residual Energy (RE), RE-Battery Discharge Index (RE-BDI) and Hop Count (HC).

AN EFFICIENT LOW-POWER SIGMA-DELTA MODULATOR FOR MULTI-STANDARD WIRELESS APPLICATIONS

2012 ◽  
Vol 21 (04) ◽  
pp. 1250028 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. HODA SEYEDHOSSEINZADEH ◽  
MOHAMMAD YAVARI
Keyword(s):  
Low Power ◽  
Power Supply ◽  
Cmos Technology ◽  
System Level ◽  
Sigma Delta Modulator ◽  
Sigma Delta ◽  
Wireless Applications ◽  
Design And Implementation ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
System Level Simulations

This paper describes the design and implementation of a reconfigurable low-power sigma-delta modulator (SDM) for multi-standard wireless communications in a 90 nm CMOS technology. Both architectural and circuital reconfigurations are used to adapt the performance of the modulator to multi-standard applications. The feasibility of the presented solution is demonstrated using system-level simulations as well as transistor-level simulations of the modulator. HSPICE simulation results show that the proposed modulator achieves 76.8/78.9/80.8/85/89.5 dB peak signal-to-noise plus distortion ratio (SNDR) within the standards WiFi, WiMAX, WCDMA, Bluetooth and GSM with the bandwidth of 12.5 MHz, 10 MHz, 1.92 MHz, 0.5 MHz, and 250 kHz, respectively, under the power consumption of 37/37/12/5/5 mW using a single 1 V power supply.

Fundamental Principles of IoT

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-25
Author(s):  
Mahesh Kumar Jha ◽  
Monika Singh ◽  
Anindita Sahoo
Keyword(s):  
Internet Of Things ◽  
Low Power ◽  
Architectural Design ◽  
Wide Area ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Iot Applications ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Development Applications ◽  
Single Size

Internet of things (IoT) is the extension network of the Internet. Internet-enabled objects have the ability to sense and communicate with other objects or humans. Enormous components are used to build the IoT network. IoT begins with the connectivity since IoT is extensively diverse. It is certainly obscure to find a single size fits to all the types of communication. Various solutions have their strengths and weaknesses in different network criteria to best suit different IoT applications. IoT is available in various forms. One of the different types of IoT available for deployment is narrowband IoT (NB-IoT). NB-IoT is famous due to its attractive features of low power wide area (LPWA). Though the challenges such as security, latency, interoperability, policymaking, and resiliency exist for all types of IoT network, it can be improved with careful architectural design. In this chapter, the authors highlight the fundamentals involved in building the network of internet-enabled devices. It describes types of IoT networks, different computing mechanisms in IoT, basic architecture underlying the development, applications in the expansive domain, and finally, the insight of the challenges in IoT.

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