Protective Effects of Polyvinylpyrrolidone-Wrapped Fullerene Against Nitric Oxide/Peroxynitrite-Induced Cellular Injury in Human Skin Keratinocytes

Excess ultraviolet (UV) exposure accelerates skin inflammation, melanogenesis, wrinkle formation, photoaging, and carcinogenesis through oxidative stress and deoxyribonucleic acid damage. These deleterious effects to skin are closely associated with UV-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) produced via nitric oxide (NO·) generation. RNS are known to be responsible for various skin disorders, such as erythema, melanin production, reduced barrier function, and psoriasis. These skin disorders are major cosmetic problems; RNS control, in addition to ROS control, is important for maintaining healthy skin. In the present study, we investigated the cytoprotective effects of polyvinylpyrrolidone-entrapped fullerene (C60/PVP), a water-soluble ROS scavenger, against nitric oxide (NO·) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-)-induced human keratinocyte injuries. Protective effects of C60/PVP on NO·/ONOO--induced cellular damage and intracellular ONOO- generation were evaluated using a NO· donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamine (SNAP) in human skin epidermal HaCaT keratinocytes. Furthermore, the suppressive effect of C60/PVP on UVB-induced generation of intracellular ONOO- levels was also investigated. C60/PVP exerted suppressive effects on intracellular increases in NO·-induced ONOO- generation and subsequent cellular damage. Additionally, C60/PVP significantly decreased the UVB-induced generation of intracellular ONOO- levels. These findings suggest that C60/PVP could be useful as a cosmetics ingredient for prevention of skin injuries and/or dysfunction from NO·/ONOO--induced effects in human skin keratinocytes.

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Astaxanthin Mitigates Thiacloprid-Induced Liver Injury and Immunotoxicity in Male Rats

Marine Drugs ◽

10.3390/md19090525 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 19 (9) ◽

pp. 525

Author(s):

Shimaa M. Abou-Zeid ◽

Samira H. Aljuaydi ◽

Huda O. AbuBakr ◽

Enas A. Tahoun ◽

Alessandro Di Cerbo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Nitric Oxide ◽

High Mobility ◽

Suppressive Effect ◽

Male Rats ◽

Cell Mediated Immunity ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Human Beings ◽

Hepatotoxic Effect ◽

Neonicotinoid Insecticide ◽

Toxic Hazard

Thiacloprid (TCP) is a widely used neonicotinoid insecticide with a probable toxic hazard to animals and human beings. This hazard has intensified the demand for natural compounds to alleviate the expected toxic insults. This study aimed at determining whether astaxanthin (ASX) could mitigate the hepatotoxic effect of TCP and diminish its suppressive effect on immune responses in rats. Animals received TCP by gavage at 62.1 mg/kg (1/10th LD50) with or without ASX at 40 mg/kg for 60 days. Intoxicated rats showed modulation of serum transaminases and protein profiles. The hemagglutination antibody titer to sheep red blood cells (SRBC) and the number of plaque-forming cells in the spleen were reduced. The cell-mediated immunity and phagocytosis were suppressed, while serum interleukins IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-10 were elevated. Additionally, malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine levels were increased in the liver, spleen, and thymus, with depletion of glutathione and suppression of superoxide dismutase and catalase activities. The expressions of inducible nitric oxide synthase and the high mobility group box protein 1 genes were upregulated with histomorphological alterations in the aforementioned organs. Cotreatment with ASX markedly ameliorated the toxic effects of TCP, and all markers showed a regression trend towards control values. Collectively, our data suggest that the protective effects of ASX on the liver and immune system of TCP-treated animals depend upon improving the antioxidant status and relieving the inflammatory response, and thus it may be used as a promising therapeutic agent to provide superior hepato- and immunoprotection.

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The water-soluble fullerene derivative ‘Radical Sponge®’ exerts cytoprotective action against UVA irradiation but not visible-light-catalyzed cytotoxicity in human skin keratinocytes

Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters ◽

10.1016/j.bmcl.2005.12.011 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. 1590-1595 ◽

Cited By ~ 83

Author(s):

Li Xiao ◽

Hiroya Takada ◽

Xue hui Gan ◽

Nobuhiko Miwa

Keyword(s):

Visible Light ◽

Human Skin ◽

Water Soluble ◽

Fullerene Derivative ◽

Uva Irradiation ◽

Skin Keratinocytes

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Anthocyanin-Related Pigments: Natural Allies for Skin Health Maintenance and Protection

Antioxidants ◽

10.3390/antiox10071038 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (7) ◽

pp. 1038

Author(s):

Patrícia Correia ◽

Paula Araújo ◽

Carolina Ribeiro ◽

Hélder Oliveira ◽

Ana Rita Pereira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Human Skin ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Multicomponent Mixtures ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Health Maintenance ◽

Biofilm Production ◽

Skin Keratinocytes ◽

Interesting Compound ◽

Internal And External Factors ◽

Reference Strains

Human skin is commonly described as a particularly dynamic and complex environment, with a physiological balance continuously orchestrated by numerous internal and external factors. Intrinsic aging, exposure to UV radiation and skin pathogens are some of the key players that account for dermatological alterations and ailments. In this regard, this study intended to explore the potential skin-health beneficial properties of a group of molecules belonging to the anthocyanin family: cyanidin- and malvidin-3-O-glucosides and some of their structurally related pigments, resulting in a library of compounds with different structural properties and color hues. The inclusion of both purified compounds and crude extracts provided some insights into their distinctive effects when tested as individual agents or as part of multicomponent mixtures. Overall, most of the compounds were found to reduce biofilm production by S. aureus and P. aeruginosa reference strains, exhibit UV-filter capacity, attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species in human skin keratinocytes and fibroblasts and also showed inhibitory activity of skin-degrading enzymes, in the absence of cytotoxic effects. Carboxypyranocyanidin-3-O-glucoside stood out for its global performance which, combined with its greater structural stability, makes this a particular interesting compound for potential incorporation in topical formulations. Results provide strong evidence of the skin protective effects of these pigments, supporting their further application for cosmeceutical purposes.

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