A review of progress on high nitrogen austenitic stainless-steel research

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (12) ◽  
pp. 1901-1925
Author(s):  
Shuai Li ◽  
Chengsong Zhang ◽  
Jiping Lu ◽  
Ruiduo Chen ◽  
Dazhi Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
High Nitrogen ◽  
Friction Stir ◽  
The Past ◽  
Wide Range

High nitrogen austenitic stainless steels are commonly used in wide range of applications because of their excellent properties, attracting super attention over the past decades. Compared with other metal materials, high nitrogen austenitic stainless steel increases the nitrogen content under the premise that the structure is austenite, giving it excellent mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Based on relevant documents from the past ten years, this article summarizes and compares three preparation methods for high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels, namely: powder nitriding, melt nitriding and bulk nitriding. They can be divided into six categories according to other differences as explained by the latest research progress on strengthening and toughening mechanism for high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels: composite structure strengthening, fine grain strengthening, precipitation strengthening and strain strengthening. This article also reviews the research progress on excellent properties of high nitrogen stainless steel, including strength, hardness and corrosion resistance. It further describes the emerging nickel-free high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels and its biocompatibility. Welding applications of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels are also described from three aspects: friction stir welding, arc welding and brass solder. Finally, this article puts forward the development direction of high nitrogen austenitic stainless steels in the future.

ALZ 316

Alloy Digest ◽  
1999 ◽  
Vol 48 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Tensile Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating

Abstract ALZ 316 is an austenitic stainless steel with good formability, corrosion resistance, toughness, and mechanical properties. It is the basic grade of the stainless steels, containing 2 to 3% molybdenum. After the 304 series, the molybdenum-containing stainless steels are the most widely used austenitic stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, and joining. Filing Code: SS-756. Producer or source: ALZ nv.

CARTECH 347

Alloy Digest ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 70 (9) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Intergranular Corrosion ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Intermittent Heating ◽  
Technology Corporation ◽  
Carpenter Technology Corporation

Abstract CarTech 347 is a niobium+tantalum stabilized austenitic stainless steel. Like Type 321 austenitic stainless steel, it has superior intergranular corrosion resistance as compared to typical 18-8 austenitic stainless steels. Since niobium and tantalum have stronger affinity for carbon than chromium, carbides of those elements tend to precipitate randomly within the grains instead of forming continuous patterns at the grain boundaries. CarTech 347 should be considered for applications requiring intermittent heating between 425 and 900 °C (800 and 1650 °F). This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and tensile properties. It also includes information on corrosion resistance as well as forming, heat treating, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-1339. Producer or source: Carpenter Technology Corporation.

scholarly journals Surface Modification of a Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steel by Low-Temperature Nitriding

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 1845
Author(s):  
Francesca Borgioli ◽  
Emanuele Galvanetto ◽  
Tiberio Bacci
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Volume Fraction ◽  
Surface Hardness ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Surface Layers ◽  
Modified Surface

Low-temperature nitriding allows to improve surface hardening of austenitic stainless steels, maintaining or even increasing their corrosion resistance. The treatment conditions to be used in order to avoid the precipitation of large amounts of nitrides are strictly related to alloy composition. When nickel is substituted by manganese as an austenite forming element, the production of nitride-free modified surface layers becomes a challenge, since manganese is a nitride forming element while nickel is not. In this study, the effects of nitriding conditions on the characteristics of the modified surface layers obtained on an austenitic stainless steel having a high manganese content and a negligible nickel one, a so-called nickel-free austenitic stainless steel, were investigated. Microstructure, phase composition, surface microhardness, and corrosion behavior in 5% NaCl were evaluated. The obtained results suggest that the precipitation of a large volume fraction of nitrides can be avoided using treatment temperatures lower than those usually employed for nickel-containing austenitic stainless steels. Nitriding at 360 and 380 °C for duration up to 5 h allows to produce modified surface layers, consisting mainly of the so-called expanded austenite or gN, which increase surface hardness in comparison with the untreated steel. Using selected conditions, corrosion resistance can also be significantly improved.

Effect of Rare Earth on the Inclusions and Pitting Resistance of Austenitic Stainless Steel

2013 ◽  
Vol 718-720 ◽  
pp. 29-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Liu ◽  
Yu Bo
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Pitting Corrosion ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Anodic Polarization ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Metallographic Examination ◽  
Pitting Corrosion Resistance

The anodic polarization curves of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steels with various RE contents in 3.5% NaCl neutral solutions have been measured by electrochemical methods. The effect of RE on pitting corrosion resistance of 21Cr-11Ni stainless steels has been studied by the metallographic examination. The results show that sulfide and other irregular inclusions are modified to round or oval-shaped RE2O2S and RES after adding RE to 21Cr-11Ni stainless steesl. RE makes sulfide, and other irregular inclusions change to dispersed round or oval-shaped RE inclusions, effectively inhibits the occurrence of pitting corrosion, thereby enhancing the corrosion resistance of 21Cr-11Ni austenitic stainless steels.

AFM Characterization of Structural Evolution and Roughness of AISI 304 Austenitic Stainless Steel under Severe Deformation by Wavy Rolling

2013 ◽  
Vol 794 ◽  
pp. 230-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Chandra Sekhar ◽  
Bhagwati Prasad Kashyap ◽  
Sandeep Sangal
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Shear Bands ◽  
Structural Evolution ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Structural Development ◽  
Deformation Bands ◽  
Aisi 304 ◽  
Wide Range

Stainless steels such as ferrritic, austenitic, martensitic and duplex stainless steels are well known for their corrosion resistance to varying extents. Among these, austenitic stainless steels exhibit superior corrosion resistance and better ductility for formability. Therefore, the ability to give simple to intricate shapes in this grade of steel brings their potential for a wide range of applications. However, the meta-stable austenite in AISI 304 is known to undergo a strain induced martensitic (SIM) transformation during conventional rolling at room temperature. This strain induced martensite causes reduction in ductility and limits formability of stainless steel. Therefore, wavy rolling technique was developed to strengthen the stainless steel through microstructural refinement. In the current study, wavy rolling with 1.5 mm amplitude was conducted on 1 mm thick stainless steel sheet to different cycles ranging from 1-4. These rolled samples were characterized by optical and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) with resolutions down to the nanolevel. This AFM tool is in a position to bring out the details of grain refinement and topographical roughness emerging from crystalline and microstructural defects like orientation, precipitation, stacking faults, deformation bands, slip lines and shear bands with progress in rolling as referred by the number of rolling cycles here. The structural development is semi-quantitatively related to the degree of deformation and its effect on tensile properties during wavy rolling cycle. Keywords: Structural properties; Roughness; Deformation; Wavy rolling.

CLC 18.10LN

Alloy Digest ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 55 (1) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Shear Strength ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
The Other ◽  
Low Carbon ◽  
Good Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Temperature Performance

Abstract CLC 18.10LN is an austenitic stainless steel with 18% Cr, 9.5% Ni, and 0.14% N to provide good corrosion resistance at strengths above the other low-carbon stainless steels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, elasticity, tensile properties, and shear strength as well as creep. It also includes information on high temperature performance and corrosion resistance as well as forming, machining, and joining. Filing Code: SS-950. Producer or source: Industeel USA, LLC.

CRUCIBLE 174 SXR

Alloy Digest ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steel ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Precipitation Hardening ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Heat Treating ◽  
Martensitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Excellent Corrosion Resistance

Abstract Crucible 174 SXR is a premium-quality precipitation-hardening stainless steel designed for use as rifle barrels. It is a modification of Crucible’s 17Cr-4Ni that offers substantially improved machinability without sacrificing toughness. Its excellent corrosion resistance approaches that of a 300 series austenitic stainless steel, while its high strength is characteristic of 400 series martensitic stainless steels. At similar hardness levels, Crucible 174 SXR offers greater toughness than either the 410 or 416 stainless steels which are commonly used for rifle barrels. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, and elasticity as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on forming and heat treating. Filing Code: SS-1034. Producer or source: Crucible Service Centers.

ALLOY 0Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN

Alloy Digest ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fracture Toughness ◽  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Temperature Performance ◽  
Steel Research ◽  
Oil Refinement

Abstract ALLOY 0Cr25Ni6Mo3CuN is one of four grades of duplex stainless steel that were developed and have found wide applications in China since 1980. In oil refinement and the petrochemical processing industries, they have substituted for austenitic stainless steels in many types of equipment, valves, and pump parts. This datasheet provides information on composition, physical properties, hardness, elasticity, and tensile properties as well as fracture toughness. It also includes information on low and high temperature performance, and corrosion resistance as well as forming and joining. Filing Code: SS-706. Producer or source: Central Iron & Steel Research Institute.

Developing New Cast Austenitic Stainless Steels With Improved High-Temperature Creep Resistance

2009 ◽  
Vol 131 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Philip J. Maziasz ◽  
John P. Shingledecker ◽  
Neal D. Evans ◽  
Michael J. Pollard
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
High Temperature ◽  
Creep Strength ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Creep Resistance ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Creep Rupture ◽  
Particulate Filter ◽  
Alloy Development ◽  
Wide Range

Oak Ridge National Laboratory and Caterpillar (CAT) have recently developed a new cast austenitic stainless steel, CF8C-Plus, for a wide range of high-temperature applications, including diesel exhaust components and turbine casings. The creep-rupture life of the new CF8C-Plus is over ten times greater than that of the standard cast CF8C stainless steel, and the creep-rupture strength is about 50–70% greater. Another variant, CF8C-Plus Cu/W, has been developed with even more creep strength at 750–850°C. The creep strength of these new cast austenitic stainless steels is close to that of wrought Ni-based superalloys such as 617. CF8C-Plus steel was developed in about 1.5 years using an “engineered microstructure” alloy development approach, which produces creep resistance based on the formation of stable nanocarbides (NbC), and resistance to the formation of deleterious intermetallics (sigma, Laves) during aging or service. The first commercial trial heats (227.5 kg or 500 lb) of CF8C-Plus steel were produced in 2002, and to date, over 27,215 kg (300 tons) have been produced, including various commercial component trials, but mainly for the commercial production of the Caterpillar regeneration system (CRS). The CRS application is a burner housing for the on-highway heavy-duty diesel engines that begins the process to burn-off particulates trapped in the ceramic diesel particulate filter (DPF). The CRS/DPF technology was required to meet the new more stringent emissions regulations in January, 2007, and subjects the CRS to frequent and severe thermal cycling. To date, all CF8C-Plus steel CRS units have performed successfully. The status of testing for other commercial applications of CF8C-Plus steel is also summarized.

Corrosion Resistance of Nickel-Free Austenitic Stainless Steels and their Nanocomposites with Hydroxyapatite in Ringer's Solution

2011 ◽  
Vol 674 ◽  
pp. 159-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maciej Tulinski ◽  
Mieczyslaw Jurczyk
Keyword(s):  
Stainless Steel ◽  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Mechanical Alloying ◽  
Stainless Steels ◽  
Austenitic Stainless Steels ◽  
Orthopedic Implants ◽  
Corrosion Current ◽  
Similar Process ◽  
Distinct Advantage ◽  
Ion Release

In this work Ni-free austenitic stainless steels with nanostructure and their nanocomposites were synthesized by mechanical alloying (MA), heat treatment and nitriding of elemental microcrystalline Fe, Cr, Mn and Mo powders with addition of hydroxyapatite (HA). Microhardness and corrosion tests' results of obtained materials are presented. Mechanical alloying and nitriding are very effective technologies to improve the corrosion resistance of stainless steel. Decreasing the corrosion current density is a distinct advantage for prevention of ion release and it leads to better cytocompatibility. Similar process in case of nanocomposites of stainless steel with hydroxyapatite helps achieve even better mechanical properties and corrosion resistance. Hence nanocrystalline nickel-free stainless steels and nickel-free stainless steel/hydroxyapatite nanocomposites could be promising bionanomaterials for use as a hard tissue replacement implants, e.g. orthopedic implants.

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