scholarly journals The role of decision-making in learning spatial layout: A real-world application

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
E. Twedt ◽  
T. Banton ◽  
E. B. Gross ◽  
J. R. Zadra ◽  
D. Proffitt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Real World Application

Ranking of Z-Numbers and Its Application in Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 1503-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Aliev ◽  
O. H. Huseynov ◽  
R. Serdaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Main Ideas

Real-world decision problems in decision analysis, system analysis, economics, ecology, and other fields are characterized by fuzziness and partial reliability of relevant information. In order to deal with such information, Prof. Zadeh suggested the concept of a Z-number as an ordered pair [Formula: see text] of fuzzy numbers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the first of which is a linguistic value of a variable of interest, and the second one is a linguistic value of probability measure of the first one, playing a role of reliability of information. Decision making under Z-number based information requires ranking of Z-numbers. In this paper we suggest a human-like fundamental approach for ranking of Z-numbers which is based on two main ideas. One idea is to compute optimality degrees of Z-numbers and the other one is to adjust the obtained degrees by using a human being’s opinion formalized by a degree of pessimism. Two examples and a real-world application are provided to show validity of the suggested research. A comparison of the proposed approach with the existing methods is conducted.

Perception, Decision Making, and Skill in Relation to a Boating Operator's Performance

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
C. Christian Stiehl ◽  
James M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Present State ◽  
Real World ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Field Investigations

Basic human characteristics are applied to understanding the design and operation of boats. In particular, the processes of perception, skill, judgment and decision making are analyzed in the boating environment. Emphasis is given to (1) errors and hazards that are likely to result in the boating environment (both stressor-induced and others), and (2) areas where research is needed to determine the role of these human factors in boating. From our present state of knowledge, we can conclude that the human operator needs to be studied to determine the minimum safe levels of performance in each of these areas in the boating task. The proposed methodology involves field investigations with accident victims and constructing real-world test courses to gain data. Quantitative determinations of the safe levels of performance could allow the establishment of the necessary educational or regulatory procedures to assure these performance levels.

Base-rate respect meets affect neglect

2007 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 285-286
Author(s):  
Paul Whitney ◽  
John M. Hinson ◽  
Allison L. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Base Rate ◽  
Dual Process ◽  
Emotional Processes ◽  
Base Rate Neglect ◽  
Target Article ◽  
Affective Influences

AbstractWhile improving the theoretical account of base-rate neglect, Barbey & Sloman's (B&S's) target article suffers from affect neglect by failing to consider the fundamental role of emotional processes in “real world” decisions. We illustrate how affective influences are fundamental to decision making, and discuss how the dual process model can be a useful framework for understanding hot and cold cognition in reasoning.

Multiobjective Optimization

AI Magazine ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Ehrgott
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization ◽  
Real World ◽  
Optimization Problems ◽  
Multiple Objectives ◽  
Combinatorial Optimization Problems ◽  
Multiobjective Optimization Problems ◽  
Single Objective

Using some real world examples I illustrate the important role of multiobjective optimization in decision making and its interface with preference handling. I explain what optimization in the presence of multiple objectives means and discuss some of the most common methods of solving multiobjective optimization problems using transformations to single objective optimisation problems. Finally, I address linear and combinatorial optimization problems with multiple objectives and summarize techniques for solving them. Throughout the article, I refer to the real world examples introduced at the beginning.

scholarly journals Hormonal mechanisms of cooperative behaviour

2010 ◽  
Vol 365 (1553) ◽  
pp. 2737-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta C. Soares ◽  
Redouan Bshary ◽  
Leonida Fusani ◽  
Wolfgang Goymann ◽  
Michaela Hau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Potential Role ◽  
Cooperative Behaviour ◽  
Proximate Mechanisms ◽  
Neuroendocrine Mechanisms ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Considerable Body ◽  
Different Levels

Research on the diversity, evolution and stability of cooperative behaviour has generated a considerable body of work. As concepts simplify the real world, theoretical solutions are typically also simple. Real behaviour, in contrast, is often much more diverse. Such diversity, which is increasingly acknowledged to help in stabilizing cooperative outcomes, warrants detailed research about the proximate mechanisms underlying decision-making. Our aim here is to focus on the potential role of neuroendocrine mechanisms on the regulation of the expression of cooperative behaviour in vertebrates. We first provide a brief introduction into the neuroendocrine basis of social behaviour. We then evaluate how hormones may influence known cognitive modules that are involved in decision-making processes that may lead to cooperative behaviour. Based on this evaluation, we will discuss specific examples of how hormones may contribute to the variability of cooperative behaviour at three different levels: (i) within an individual; (ii) between individuals and (iii) between species. We hope that these ideas spur increased research on the behavioural endocrinology of cooperation.

Musical Goals, Graphical Lure and Narrative Drive: VisualAudio in Games

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 238-246
Author(s):  
Julio d’Escriván ◽  
Nick Collins
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Video Games ◽  
Video Game ◽  
Real World ◽  
Computer Games ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Musical Skills ◽  
Music Making ◽  
Order Of Magnitude

Musical computer games and their reward structures are transforming solitary and participative music making. Visuals in musical games tend to assume the role of music in video games as they become incidental to the gameplay or provide graphical aid for musical decision making. Constrained manifestations of musical skill in game software simulations point towards the development of real world musical skills. Yet, arguably, no video game so far developed requires the kind of sophisticated expression that a musician hones by training. The time-scale for mastery is an order of magnitude greater in traditional musical instruments and teaching, but we may be at the dawn of a new audiovisual musical learning paradigm.

The Behavioral Affective Associations Model

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc T. Kiviniemi ◽  
Lynne B. Klasko-Foster
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Experimental Studies ◽  
Protective Behavior ◽  
Behavioral Decision ◽  
New Directions ◽  
Affective Associations ◽  
Conceptual Overview

This chapter presents a conceptual overview of the role of affective associations in behavioral decision-making. It focuses first on the mechanisms through which affect influences behavior. It then describes the behavioral affective associations model and provides a summary of the research using the model with examples showing promotion of protective behavior and reduction of risky behavior. While observational studies are included, experimental studies in both laboratory and field settings are highlighted to model how interventions can manipulate affective associations to change behaviors. As affect is central to decision-making, new directions for research, such as the role of constructs related to affect, are explored as they relate to decision-making. Finally, implications for real-world interventions and techniques to use affect as a tool for behavior change are discussed.

scholarly journals Z-Distance Based IF-THEN Rules

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Aliev ◽  
O. H. Huseynov ◽  
R. X. Zulfugarova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Approximate Reasoning ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
First Time ◽  
Real World Problems

Decision making, reasoning, and analysis in real-world problems are complicated by imperfect information. Real-world imperfect information is mainly characterized by two features. In view of this, Professor Zadeh suggested the concept of aZ-number as an ordered pairZ=(A,B)of fuzzy numbersAandB, the first of which is a linguistic value of a variable of interest, and the second one is a linguistic value of probability measure of the first one, playing a role of its reliability. The concept of distance is one of the important concepts for handling imperfect information in decision making and reasoning. In this paper, we, for the first time, apply the concept of distance ofZ-numbers to the approximate reasoning withZ-number based IF-THEN rules. We provide an example on solving problem related to psychological issues naturally characterized by imperfect information, which shows applicability and validity of the suggested approach.

The Kill Chain (II)

2020 ◽  
pp. 243-280
Author(s):  
Craig Jones
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Fast Moving ◽  
Legal Advice ◽  
Mobile Targets ◽  
Self Defence

This chapter is the second of two chapters that analyse the role of military lawyers in the contemporary US kill chain. It focuses on dynamic (unplanned) targeting and shows how its ontology of violence necessitates rapid forms of decision making that affects both the possibility of legal advice and its content. An examination of close air support (CAS) and troops in contact (TIC) targeting operations reveals the rapid legal and operational interpretations that military actors form as they attempt to make sense of highly mobile targets and fast-moving events. These involve issues of self-defence, imminence of threats, and proportionality. It is argued that dynamic and time-sensitive targeting create their own unique military ‘necessities’ and governing legalities. The chapter shows that the latitude given to interpretational work has real-world consequences for both troops on the ground and civilians: dynamic targeting accounts for a high proportion of fratricides and civilian casualties.

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