scholarly journals Z-Distance Based IF-THEN Rules

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Aliev ◽  
O. H. Huseynov ◽  
R. X. Zulfugarova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Approximate Reasoning ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
First Time ◽  
Real World Problems

Decision making, reasoning, and analysis in real-world problems are complicated by imperfect information. Real-world imperfect information is mainly characterized by two features. In view of this, Professor Zadeh suggested the concept of aZ-number as an ordered pairZ=(A,B)of fuzzy numbersAandB, the first of which is a linguistic value of a variable of interest, and the second one is a linguistic value of probability measure of the first one, playing a role of its reliability. The concept of distance is one of the important concepts for handling imperfect information in decision making and reasoning. In this paper, we, for the first time, apply the concept of distance ofZ-numbers to the approximate reasoning withZ-number based IF-THEN rules. We provide an example on solving problem related to psychological issues naturally characterized by imperfect information, which shows applicability and validity of the suggested approach.

Ranking of Z-Numbers and Its Application in Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 1503-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Aliev ◽  
O. H. Huseynov ◽  
R. Serdaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Main Ideas

Real-world decision problems in decision analysis, system analysis, economics, ecology, and other fields are characterized by fuzziness and partial reliability of relevant information. In order to deal with such information, Prof. Zadeh suggested the concept of a Z-number as an ordered pair [Formula: see text] of fuzzy numbers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the first of which is a linguistic value of a variable of interest, and the second one is a linguistic value of probability measure of the first one, playing a role of reliability of information. Decision making under Z-number based information requires ranking of Z-numbers. In this paper we suggest a human-like fundamental approach for ranking of Z-numbers which is based on two main ideas. One idea is to compute optimality degrees of Z-numbers and the other one is to adjust the obtained degrees by using a human being’s opinion formalized by a degree of pessimism. Two examples and a real-world application are provided to show validity of the suggested research. A comparison of the proposed approach with the existing methods is conducted.

scholarly journals Rational and irrational processes in decision making: An economic perspective

2019 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-57
Author(s):  
Maria Liana Lacatus
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Final Section ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Decision Making Process ◽  
Economic Perspective ◽  
Short Introduction ◽  
Decision Making Processes ◽  
Economic Understanding

The paper presents important issues of decision making processes with an emphasis on rational and irrational components of these processes. After a short introduction outlining the need for a deeper understanding of rational and non-rational factors that affect the decisions people make, the rationality of people decisions in daily life is questioned and the role of non-rational factors such as intuition are analyzed. The economic understanding of the decision making process is presented and principles of rational decision-making are explained. Different methods used and recommended by economists in order to make decisions are presented and applied in different life situations in order to demonstrate their value in daily life. Special emphasis is put on factors such as imperfect information, illusion of control, or risk aversion that may affect the rationality of the decision making processes. In the final section of the paper the concept of bounded rationality is introduced and explained along with new theories in economics that are challenging the classic economic perspective on the decision making process

scholarly journals Pythagorean m -Polar Fuzzy Weighted Aggregation Operators and Algorithm for the Investment Strategic Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Khalid Naeem ◽  
Ronnason Chinram ◽  
Aiyared Iampan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Uncertain Data ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Uncertain Statistics ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Numbers

The role of multipolar uncertain statistics cannot be unheeded while confronting daily life problems on well-founded basis. Fusion (aggregation) of a number of input values in multipolar form into a sole multipolar output value is an essential tool not merely of physics or mathematics but also of widely held problems of economics, commerce and trade, engineering, social sciences, decision-making problems, life sciences, and many more. The problem of aggregation is very wide-ranging and fascinating, in general. We use, in this article, Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) in multipolar form to contrive imprecise information. We introduce Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted averaging (P m FWA), Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted geometric (P m FWG), symmetric Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted averaging (SP m FWA), and symmetric Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted geometric (SP m FWG) operators for aggregating uncertain data. Finally, we present a practical example to illustrate the application of the proposed operators and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness towards investment strategic decision making.

scholarly journals Eliminating Rank Reversal Problem Using a New Multi-Attribute Model—The RAFSI Method

Mathematics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 1015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mališa Žižović ◽  
Dragan Pamučar ◽  
Miloljub Albijanić ◽  
Prasenjit Chatterjee ◽  
Ivan Pribićević
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Mathematical Formulation ◽  
Simple Algorithm ◽  
Data Normalization ◽  
Reversal Problem ◽  
Rank Reversal ◽  
Multi Attribute Decision Making ◽  
Attribute Model ◽  
Real World Problems

Multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) methods represent reliable ways to solve real-world problems for various applications by providing rational and logical solutions. In reaching such a goal, it is expected that MADM methods would eliminate inconsistencies like rank reversal issues in a given solution. In this paper, an endeavor is taken to put forward a new MADM method, called RAFSI (Ranking of Alternatives through Functional mapping of criterion sub-intervals into a Single Interval), which successfully eliminates the rank reversal problem. The developed RAFSI method has three major advantages that recommend it for further use: (i) its simple algorithm helps in solving complex real-world problems, (ii) RAFSI method has a new approach for data normalization, which transfers data from the starting decision-making matrix into any interval, suitable for making rational decisions, (iii) mathematical formulation of RAFSI method eliminates the rank reversal problem, which is one of the most significant shortcomings of existing MADM methods. A real-time case study that shows the advantages of RAFSI method is presented. Additional comprehensive analysis, including a comparison with other three traditional MADM methods that use different ways for data normalization and testing the resistance of RAFSI method and other MADM methods to rank the reversal problem, is also carried out.

The Problem of International Order and How to Think about It

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marc Trachtenberg
Keyword(s):  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
International Society ◽  
Real World ◽  
International Order ◽  
Frame Of Reference ◽  
Economic Interdependence ◽  
Theoretical Question ◽  
Point Of Departure ◽  
Real World Problems

This chapter argues that, to get at the issue of international order, one must first deal with the theoretical question of how politics works in the highly stylized world associated with the term anarchy—a world where security and thus power are the only things that matter, a world in which no effective international society can be said to exist. The workings of such an idealized world are worth examining not because the real world necessarily works the same way, but simply because that sort of analysis is a necessary point of departure for thinking about real world problems. Only when one understands how a highly stylized world of this sort works can questions about the role of various factors—international law, for example, or economic interdependence—be posed in any meaningful way. If the goal is to understand what difference those factors make—that is, whether they contribute to order—one needs to start with a certain preexisting frame of reference, one that only theoretical analysis can provide.

scholarly journals Using mathematics to solve real world problems: the role of enablers

2017 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vincent Geiger ◽  
Gloria Stillman ◽  
Jill Brown ◽  
Peter Galbriath ◽  
Mogens Niss
Keyword(s):  
Real World ◽  
Real World Problems

Fuzzy Geometry-Based Decision Making with Unprecisiated Visual Information

2014 ◽  
Vol 13 (05) ◽  
pp. 1051-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rafik A. Aliev ◽  
Oleg H. Huseynov
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Visual Information ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Incidence Geometry ◽  
Mathematical Formalism ◽  
Numerical Representation ◽  
Membership Functions ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Fuzzy Geometry

Decision making is conditioned by relevant information. This information very seldom has reliable numerical representation. Usually, decision-relevant information is perception-based. A question arises of how to proceed from perception-based information to a corresponding mathematical formalism. When perception-based information is expressed in natural language, the fuzzy set theory can be used as a corresponding mathematical formalism for decision analysis. However, perception-based decision-relevant information is not always sufficiently clear to be modeled by means of membership functions. In contrast, it remains at a level of some cloud images which are difficult to be caught by words. This imperfect information caught in perceptions cannot be precisiated by numbers or fuzzy sets and is referred to as unprecisiated information. Humans are able to make decisions based on unprecisiated visual perceptions. Modeling of this outstanding capability, even to some limited extent, becomes a difficult yet a highly promising research area. In this study, we use fuzzy geometry and the extended fuzzy logic to cope with uncertain situations coming with unprecisiated information. In this approach, the objects of computation and reasoning are geometric primitives which model human perceptions when the latter cannot be defined in terms of membership functions. For this aim, the fuzzified axioms of the incidence geometry are used. An approach to decision making with outcomes and probabilities described by geometrical primitives is developed. Examples of application of the approach to decision making on a short term investment decision and marketing decision are given. The obtained results prove the validity of the suggested approach.

Perception, Decision Making, and Skill in Relation to a Boating Operator's Performance

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
C. Christian Stiehl ◽  
James M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Present State ◽  
Real World ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Field Investigations

Basic human characteristics are applied to understanding the design and operation of boats. In particular, the processes of perception, skill, judgment and decision making are analyzed in the boating environment. Emphasis is given to (1) errors and hazards that are likely to result in the boating environment (both stressor-induced and others), and (2) areas where research is needed to determine the role of these human factors in boating. From our present state of knowledge, we can conclude that the human operator needs to be studied to determine the minimum safe levels of performance in each of these areas in the boating task. The proposed methodology involves field investigations with accident victims and constructing real-world test courses to gain data. Quantitative determinations of the safe levels of performance could allow the establishment of the necessary educational or regulatory procedures to assure these performance levels.

scholarly journals Difficulties in establishing a limited liability company in Great Britain during the 1860s and the role of financial information: a case history

2001 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 143-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. BARNES ◽  
R. J. FIRMAN
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Great Britain ◽  
Case History ◽  
Limited Liability ◽  
Financial Information ◽  
Limited Liability Company ◽  
New Class ◽  
First Time ◽  
Made In

As a result of legislation in 1855, 1856 and 1862 that effectively enabled limited liability companies to be formed with minimum difficulty for the first time, there was an explosion of new companies. However, after the collapse of Overend, Gurney Ltd in 1866 they became unpopular. This paper examines the case of a business which failed to raise the necessary funding because of suspicion of exaggerated claims made in public prospectuses and the ways in which it attempted to survive. This gypsum industry case history also illustrates the problems facing the new class of ‘pure’ investors and directors who had little understanding of the industry in which their company was operating and the nature and reliability of the financial information available to them required for their decision-making.

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