Ranking of Z-Numbers and Its Application in Decision Making

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (06) ◽  
pp. 1503-1519 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Aliev ◽  
O. H. Huseynov ◽  
R. Serdaroglu
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Real World Application ◽  
Analysis System ◽  
Main Ideas

Real-world decision problems in decision analysis, system analysis, economics, ecology, and other fields are characterized by fuzziness and partial reliability of relevant information. In order to deal with such information, Prof. Zadeh suggested the concept of a Z-number as an ordered pair [Formula: see text] of fuzzy numbers [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text], the first of which is a linguistic value of a variable of interest, and the second one is a linguistic value of probability measure of the first one, playing a role of reliability of information. Decision making under Z-number based information requires ranking of Z-numbers. In this paper we suggest a human-like fundamental approach for ranking of Z-numbers which is based on two main ideas. One idea is to compute optimality degrees of Z-numbers and the other one is to adjust the obtained degrees by using a human being’s opinion formalized by a degree of pessimism. Two examples and a real-world application are provided to show validity of the suggested research. A comparison of the proposed approach with the existing methods is conducted.

scholarly journals The role of decision-making in learning spatial layout: A real-world application

2011 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 933-933
Author(s):  
E. Twedt ◽  
T. Banton ◽  
E. B. Gross ◽  
J. R. Zadra ◽  
D. Proffitt
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Spatial Layout ◽  
Real World Application

scholarly journals Z-Distance Based IF-THEN Rules

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. A. Aliev ◽  
O. H. Huseynov ◽  
R. X. Zulfugarova
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Real World ◽  
Imperfect Information ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Approximate Reasoning ◽  
Suggested Approach ◽  
Psychological Issues ◽  
First Time ◽  
Real World Problems

Decision making, reasoning, and analysis in real-world problems are complicated by imperfect information. Real-world imperfect information is mainly characterized by two features. In view of this, Professor Zadeh suggested the concept of aZ-number as an ordered pairZ=(A,B)of fuzzy numbersAandB, the first of which is a linguistic value of a variable of interest, and the second one is a linguistic value of probability measure of the first one, playing a role of its reliability. The concept of distance is one of the important concepts for handling imperfect information in decision making and reasoning. In this paper, we, for the first time, apply the concept of distance ofZ-numbers to the approximate reasoning withZ-number based IF-THEN rules. We provide an example on solving problem related to psychological issues naturally characterized by imperfect information, which shows applicability and validity of the suggested approach.

Transformation of Presidency in Italy (1978–2015)

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (4) ◽  
pp. 38-47
Author(s):  
E. Bazhan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Comparative Politics ◽  
System Analysis ◽  
System Stability ◽  
Domestic Policy ◽  
State Institute ◽  
Policy Issues ◽  
Head Of State

The article reviews key aspects of the Italian presidents' activity under A. Pertini, F. Kossiga, O.L. Scalfaro, C.A. Ciampi and G. Napolitano. Special attention is paid to the comparative analysis of Carlo Azeglio Ciampi's and Giorgio Napolitano's presidency results, as well as of external factors correlating with these politicians' ratings, considering their significant influence on the head of state institute transformation during the period of their tenures. The aim of the paper is to review the examples of initiatives taken by C.A. Ciampi and G. Napolitano, which is necessary for highlighting new trends of the presidency development in Italy. Systematization and sequencing of popular approaches in the research allow to sort out distinctive characteristics of relations among three political actors: the head of state, political parties and the government. The author conducts comparative analysis of the two presidents' tenures results. The study of C.A. Ciampi's and G. Napolitano's ratings is carried out to determine a decision-making pattern. In the article, the examples of an informal instruments usage are considered, and their effectiveness is evaluated. In this respect, it is possible to review the transformation of the role of a president as an actor responsible for the country's political system stability. Relations between the prime-minister and the head of state are the subject for a separate consideration. In this article, the system analysis method together with other universal scientific approaches (comparative historical, institutional and structural-functional) are used. The contribution of this research consists of defining the role of informal instruments in the decision-making process. Unfortunately, in Russian bibliography, only limited attention is paid to domestic policy issues of the Second Italian Republic. However, the research conducted by the author should elucidate the specificity of presidency and its relations with other public institutes. This paper is addressed to scientists devoting themselves to the South Europe political research, particularly Italy, as well as to anyone interested in the Italian domestic policy issues. Additionally, it may be used in further comparative politics investigations, for the analysis of presidential activities in other European states.

Some Varieties of Consent in Equity

2020 ◽  
pp. 313-332
Author(s):  
Simone Degeling
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Great Care ◽  
Undue Influence ◽  
Autonomous Decision ◽  
Fiduciary Relationships

This chapter studies the role of equity in preserving the autonomy of vulnerable members of the community. It focuses on the equitable domains of trusts, fiduciary relationships, undue influence, and unconscionability, where an imbalance of power exists in which one party has only limited or bounded ability to make decisions. Equity takes great care to protect the independence aspect of autonomous decision, but is less concerned about the availability of choice between meaningful options. A party will be deemed by equity as consenting if their agreement is anchored in freedom and information. Thus, great care is taken by the Courts of Chancery to ensure that no impediment to the exercise of the claimant's will was present in the circumstance. In addition, relevant information must be provided, and at times nothing less than independent advice from a third party would satisfy this requirement. Equity thus conscripts its particularistic nature to offer strong protection for two elements that are crucial for autonomous decision-making: freedom from coercion and information.

Has Dynamic Programming Improved Decision Making?

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 833-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Rust
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Dynamic Programming ◽  
Real World ◽  
Operations Research ◽  
Decision Rules ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Optimal Decision ◽  
Sequential Decision ◽  
Success Stories ◽  
Real World Applications

Dynamic programming (DP) is a powerful tool for solving a wide class of sequential decision-making problems under uncertainty. In principle, it enables us to compute optimal decision rules that specify the best possible decision in any situation. This article reviews developments in DP and contrasts its revolutionary impact on economics, operations research, engineering, and artificial intelligence with the comparative paucity of its real-world applications to improve the decision making of individuals and firms. The fuzziness of many real-world decision problems and the difficulty in mathematically modeling them are key obstacles to a wider application of DP in real-world settings. Nevertheless, I discuss several success stories, and I conclude that DP offers substantial promise for improving decision making if we let go of the empirically untenable assumption of unbounded rationality and confront the challenging decision problems faced every day by individuals and firms.

scholarly journals Pythagorean m -Polar Fuzzy Weighted Aggregation Operators and Algorithm for the Investment Strategic Decision Making

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Muhammad Riaz ◽  
Khalid Naeem ◽  
Ronnason Chinram ◽  
Aiyared Iampan
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Fuzzy Numbers ◽  
Uncertain Data ◽  
Strategic Decision ◽  
Weighted Averaging ◽  
Strategic Decision Making ◽  
Life Problems ◽  
Uncertain Statistics ◽  
Pythagorean Fuzzy Numbers

The role of multipolar uncertain statistics cannot be unheeded while confronting daily life problems on well-founded basis. Fusion (aggregation) of a number of input values in multipolar form into a sole multipolar output value is an essential tool not merely of physics or mathematics but also of widely held problems of economics, commerce and trade, engineering, social sciences, decision-making problems, life sciences, and many more. The problem of aggregation is very wide-ranging and fascinating, in general. We use, in this article, Pythagorean fuzzy numbers (PFNs) in multipolar form to contrive imprecise information. We introduce Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted averaging (P m FWA), Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted geometric (P m FWG), symmetric Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted averaging (SP m FWA), and symmetric Pythagorean m -polar fuzzy weighted geometric (SP m FWG) operators for aggregating uncertain data. Finally, we present a practical example to illustrate the application of the proposed operators and to demonstrate its practicality and effectiveness towards investment strategic decision making.

Anton's Game: Deontological Decision Theory for an Iterated Decision Problem

Utilitas ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 88-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
SETH LAZAR
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Decision Theory ◽  
Decision Problem ◽  
Expected Value ◽  
Sunk Costs ◽  
Decision Problems ◽  
Decision Making Under Uncertainty ◽  
Moral Reasons ◽  
Moral Significance

How should deontologists approach decision-making under uncertainty, for an iterated decision problem? In this article I explore the shortcomings of a simple expected value approach, using a novel example to raise questions about attitudes to risk, the moral significance of tiny probabilities, the independent moral reasons against imposing risks, the morality of sunk costs, and the role of agent-relativity in iterated decision problems.

Perception, Decision Making, and Skill in Relation to a Boating Operator's Performance

1974 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-77
Author(s):  
C. Christian Stiehl ◽  
James M. Miller
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Human Factors ◽  
Present State ◽  
Real World ◽  
Judgment And Decision Making ◽  
Human Operator ◽  
Performance Levels ◽  
Field Investigations

Basic human characteristics are applied to understanding the design and operation of boats. In particular, the processes of perception, skill, judgment and decision making are analyzed in the boating environment. Emphasis is given to (1) errors and hazards that are likely to result in the boating environment (both stressor-induced and others), and (2) areas where research is needed to determine the role of these human factors in boating. From our present state of knowledge, we can conclude that the human operator needs to be studied to determine the minimum safe levels of performance in each of these areas in the boating task. The proposed methodology involves field investigations with accident victims and constructing real-world test courses to gain data. Quantitative determinations of the safe levels of performance could allow the establishment of the necessary educational or regulatory procedures to assure these performance levels.

If You Want to Trigger an Emotional Purchase, Don't Make Your Customers Think

2020 ◽  
pp. 176-192
Author(s):  
Liraz Margalit
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Economic Theory ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Purchase Decisions ◽  
Gut Feelings ◽  
Key Factor ◽  
Impulse Purchase ◽  
Logical Process

The classic economic theory describes consumers as rational economic actors that select an alternative only after considering all the relevant information. However, while the logical process is certainly a key factor in considered purchases such as insurance or financial products, it is actually detrimental to the retail-consumer industry, where emotional decision making or the impulse purchase plays a central role. Although we like to think of ourselves as rational creatures, absorbing information, weighing it carefully, and making thoughtful decisions, many of our most crucial choices are made by what we call hunches, gut feelings and a somewhat automatic reaction that is beyond or beneath consciousness. We like to refer to this feeling as intuition (“I have a very good feeling about this house”), but the reality is that this “intuition” is an established part of emotion-based learning. This chapter deals with the significant role of emotions in everyday purchase decisions.

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