Alpha power, working memory (WM) and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms among children with ADHD

During one year (september 2013 � september 2014), 50 children from the residential institution for children SOS Satele Copiilor Bucharest, where included in our research. The children were distributed in two groups: Group A which consisted of 25 children (12 girls, 13 boys) who were not diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Group B which consisted of 25 children (14 boys, 11 girls) who were diagnosed with ADHD. Initially, the two groups were subjected at a psycho-diagnostic battery of tests, one of them being the Evaluating the Health State of children with ADHD questionnaire elaborated by us, particularly for this research, with the purpose of highlighting the direct link between the children health state and their ADHD symptoms. This study sought to determine the concentration of copper in urine samples from a group of children with ADHD and a group of normal children, to highlight the role of copper in the development of ADHD symptoms. Levels of copper concentration in urine samples from the two groups were processed by Student�s t-Test. Statistical analysis showed that the arithmetic averages of copper concentration in urine samples, of the two groups do not differ significantly, so copper may be causing ADHD symptoms occur. The copper content in urine samples has been determined using atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace.

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Good Holders, Bad Shufflers: An Examination of Working Memory Processes and Modalities in Children with and without Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617715001010 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

pp. 1-11 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Ashley N. Simone ◽

Anne-Claude V. Bédard ◽

David J. Marks ◽

Jeffrey M. Halperin

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Digit Span ◽

Specific Pattern ◽

Significant Group ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Group Condition ◽

Visual Spatial

AbstractThe aim of this study was to examine working memory (WM) modalities (visual-spatial and auditory-verbal) and processes (maintenance and manipulation) in children with and without attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The sample consisted of 63 8-year-old children with ADHD and an age- and sex-matched non-ADHD comparison group (N=51). Auditory-verbal and visual-spatial WM were assessed using the Digit Span and Spatial Span subtests from the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children Integrated - Fourth Edition. WM maintenance and manipulation were assessed via forward and backward span indices, respectively. Data were analyzed using a 3-way Group (ADHD vs. non-ADHD)×Modality (Auditory-Verbal vs. Visual-Spatial)×Condition (Forward vs. Backward) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA). Secondary analyses examined differences between Combined and Predominantly Inattentive ADHD presentations. Significant Group×Condition (p=.02) and Group×Modality (p=.03) interactions indicated differentially poorer performance by those with ADHD on backward relative to forward and visual-spatial relative to auditory-verbal tasks, respectively. The 3-way interaction was not significant. Analyses targeting ADHD presentations yielded a significant Group×Condition interaction (p=.009) such that children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive Presentation performed differentially poorer on backward relative to forward tasks compared to the children with ADHD-Combined Presentation. Findings indicate a specific pattern of WM weaknesses (i.e., WM manipulation and visual-spatial tasks) for children with ADHD. Furthermore, differential patterns of WM performance were found for children with ADHD-Predominantly Inattentive versus Combined Presentations. (JINS, 2016, 22, 1–11)

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Effects of Late-Afternoon Methylphenidate Administration on Behavior and Sleep in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.96.2.320 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 96 (2) ◽

pp. 320-325 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Jeffrey D. Kent ◽

Joseph C. Blader ◽

Harold S. Koplewicz ◽

Howard Abikoff ◽

Carmel A. Foley

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Sleep Latency ◽

Inpatient Service ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Late Afternoon ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Child Psychiatric

Objective. This study evaluated the effects on behavior and sleep of methylphenidate (MPH) administered at 4 PM to children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methodology. Twelve children admitted to a child psychiatric inpatient service with ADHD participated in a double-blind, crossover study in which they received a 4 PM dose of either 15 mg of MPH, 10 mg of MPH, or a placebo in random order for 12 consecutive days. Ratings of behavior, including ADHD symptoms, pertaining to the period from dose administration until sleep onset, were supplied nightly by hospital staff. Sleep latency and sleep adequacy were also assessed for each night. Results. MPH resulted in markedly improved behavioral control compared with placebo; there was no difference between 15-mg and 10-mg MPH doses. MPH did not alter sleep latencies observed with the placebo. Children were more often rated as less tired on awakening after nights that they received 10 mg of MPH compared with 15 mg of MPH and the placebo. Weight loss was apparent among 83% of the patients, but dinner intake did not vary with third-dose condition. Conclusions. Morning and noon administration of stimulants to children with ADHD is a near-universal practice, but many clinicians avoid a third, late-afternoon administration for fear of inducing insomnia. This study's findings show that children with ADHD derive substantial symptom reduction from MPH administered in late afternoon, with no untoward effects on sleep. Therefore, three-times-a-day dosing should be considered for those children exhibiting ADHD symptoms in the evening. Adverse effects on sleep latency were not apparent in the sample overall. Nonetheless, monitoring for possible aggravation of sleep problems and weight loss remains sound treatment practice.

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Association between phthalates and externalizing behaviors and cortical thickness in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Psychological Medicine ◽

10.1017/s0033291714002694 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 45 (8) ◽

pp. 1601-1612 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

S. Park ◽

J.-M. Lee ◽

J.-W. Kim ◽

J. H. Cheong ◽

H. J. Yun ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Cortical Thickness ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Symptom Severity ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Phthalate Metabolites ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Metabolite Concentrations ◽

Phthalate Metabolite

Background.Previous studies have implicated the relationship between environmental phthalate exposure and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms of childhood, but no studies have been conducted in children who have a confirmed diagnosis of ADHD obtained through meticulous diagnostic testing. We aimed to determine whether phthalate metabolites in urine would be higher in children with ADHD than in those without ADHD and would correlate with symptom severity and cortical thickness in ADHD children.Method.A cross-sectional examination of urine phthalate metabolite concentrations was performed; scores for ADHD symptoms, externalizing problems, and continuous performance tests were obtained from 180 children with ADHD, and brain-imaging data were obtained from 115 participants. For the control group, children without ADHD (N = 438) were recruited. Correlations between phthalate metabolite concentrations and clinical measures and brain cortical thickness were investigated.Results.Concentrations of phthalate metabolites, particularly the di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) metabolite, were significantly higher in boys with ADHD than in boys without ADHD. Concentrations of the di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) metabolite were significantly higher in the combined or hyperactive-impulsive subtypes compared to the inattentive subtype, and the metabolite was positively correlated with the severity of externalizing symptoms. Concentrations of the DEHP metabolite were negatively correlated with cortical thickness in the right middle and superior temporal gyri.Conclusions.The results of this study suggest an association between phthalate concentrations and both the diagnosis and symptom severity of ADHD. Imaging findings suggest a negative impact of phthalates on regional cortical maturation in children with ADHD.

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Comparative Efficacy of Structured Games and Behavioural Parent Training on Working Memory in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Pilot Study

JOURNAL FOR CLINICAL AND DIAGNOSTIC RESEARCH ◽

10.7860/jcdr/2020/43576.13807 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Raghumahanti Raghuveer ◽

. Ruchi

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Parent Training ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Uttar Pradesh ◽

Test Time ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Behavioural Parent Training

Introduction: Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) may develop during the preschool years of the child and extend into adulthood. ADHD also leads to impaired Working Memory (WM) creating problems in various functions. Aim: To compare the effectiveness of behavioural parent training and structured games on WM of children with ADHD. Materials and Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in 18 schools of Ghaziabad City, Uttar Pradesh, India. Seventy subjects were selected based on Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders IV (DSM-IV) criteria. Group A (n=35) received structured games and Group B (n=35) received Behavioural Parent Training (BPT). Seguin Form Board Test Time (SFBTT) was recorded as outcome on baseline and 5th week. Student’s paired and unpaired t-test was done. SPSS 22.0 version was the software used and p<0.05 was considered as level of significance. Results: Analysed data showed significant results within structured games group with t=2.355, p<0.05, and no significant result within BPT group with t=-0.776, p>0.05. Between group comparison showed significant difference with t=-2.804, p<0.05. Conclusion: Training of WM in form of structured games can be an effective method when compared to BPT in children with ADHD.

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625 The association between circadian rhythms and psychosocial functioning in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsab072.623 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 44 (Supplement_2) ◽

pp. A245-A245

Author(s):

Xiao Li ◽

Ka Sin Caroline Shea ◽

Lok Fan Lau ◽

Ching Kwong Dino Wong ◽

Waiyan Vivian Chiu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Circadian Rhythm ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Psychosocial Functioning ◽

Emotional Problems ◽

Activity Level ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Rest Activity

Abstract Introduction Circadian rhythm disturbances, including delayed circadian rhythm and increased motor activity, are commonly seen in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Previous research suggested a link between circadian rhythm disturbances and poor psychosocial functioning in children, but such a relationship has not been examined in children with ADHD. This study aimed at examining the association between circadian-related parameters and psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Methods Seventy-nine children with ADHD were recruited into this study (age range: 6–12 years, 75.9% male). They were assessed by parent-report questionnaires on sleep problems (Children’s Sleep Habits Questionnaire, CSHQ), ADHD symptoms (Strengths and Weaknesses of ADHD Symptoms and Normal Behaviour Scale, SWAN), and psychosocial functioning (Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire, SDQ). Actigraphic data collected for seven consecutive days were analyzed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The relationship between circadian parameters and psychosocial functioning was analyzed using multiple regression while controlling for age, sex, ADHD medication, total sleep time, and CSHQ total score. Results Later acrophase was significantly associated with higher scores on SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.30, p = 0.03) and SWAN inattention subscale (St. β = 0.27, p = 0.043). Lower relative amplitude was associated with higher scores on SDQ hyperactivity symptoms (St. β = -0.29, p = 0.045) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = -0.31, p = 0.036). Higher levels of mean activity level during the least active 5-h period (L5) were related to higher scores on SDQ peer problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.021), SDQ internalizing problems (St. β = 0.38, p = 0.020) and SDQ total difficulties (St. β = 0.33, p = 0.036). Later onset of L5 was associated with increased SDQ emotional problems (St. β = 0.26, p = 0.046). Conclusion Circadian rest-activity rhythm disturbances (delayed phase, blunted rest-activity rhythms, higher level of nocturnal activity, and later onset of nocturnal rest) were associated with poor psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Further longitudinal studies are needed to examine the effects of circadian disruption on psychosocial functioning in children with ADHD. Support (if any) This work was supported by the Health and Medical Research Fund (Project No.: 30160604).

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Executive Function in Children with Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder: The NIH EXAMINER Battery

Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society ◽

10.1017/s1355617713001100 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 41-51 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

Jane E. Schreiber ◽

Katherine L. Possin ◽

Jonathan M. Girard ◽

Celiane Rey-Casserly

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Executive Function ◽

Cognitive Control ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Memory Performance ◽

Parent Report ◽

Learning Problems ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder

AbstractTheories of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increasingly highlight the role of neuropsychological impairment in ADHD; however, a consistent and identifiable pattern of performance on tests is not well established. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) Executive Abilities: Measures and Instruments for Neurobehavioral Evaluation and Research (EXAMINER) battery provides measures of common variance across multiple executive function tests within specific domains and was used to characterize which executive functions are most affected in children with ADHD. Thirty-two children (24 male), ages 8–15 years (M = 12.02; SD = 2.29), diagnosed with ADHD and no comorbid disorder completed the NIH EXAMINER battery. Sixty age and gender matched healthy controls were chosen from a database of participants enrolled in the NIH EXAMINER multi-site study. Children with ADHD performed worse on the working memory score compared with the controls. No differences were found on the cognitive control or fluency scores. For children with ADHD, poorer working memory performance predicted parent report of child learning problems. Cognitive control and fluency scores did not predict learning problems. In summary, working memory emerges as a primary impairment in children with ADHD who have no comorbid disorders. Furthermore, working memory weaknesses may underlie the academic problems often seen in children with ADHD. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–11)

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Individualised stepwise adaptive treatment for 3–6-year-old preschool children impaired by attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ESCApreschool): study protocol of an adaptive intervention study including two randomised controlled trials within the consortium ESCAlife

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-019-3872-8 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Katja Becker ◽

Tobias Banaschewski ◽

Daniel Brandeis ◽

Christina Dose ◽

Christopher Hautmann ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Preschool Children ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Treatment Strategies ◽

Stepped Care ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Treatment Research ◽

Individualised Treatment

Abstract Background Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a psychosocially impairing and cost-intensive mental disorder, with first symptoms occurring in early childhood. It can usually be diagnosed reliably at preschool age. Early detection of children with ADHD symptoms and an early, age-appropriate treatment are needed in order to reduce symptoms, prevent secondary problems and enable a better school start. Despite existing ADHD treatment research and guideline recommendations for the treatment of ADHD in preschool children, there is still a need to optimise individualised treatment strategies in order to improve outcomes. Therefore, the ESCApreschool study (Evidence-Based, Stepped Care of ADHD in Preschool Children aged 3 years and 0 months to 6 years and 11 months of age (3;0 to 6;11 years) addresses the treatment of 3–6-year-old preschool children with elevated ADHD symptoms within a large multicentre trial. The study aims to investigate the efficacy of an individualised stepwise-intensifying treatment programme. Methods The target sample size of ESCApreschool is 200 children (boys and girls) aged 3;0 to 6;11 years with an ADHD diagnosis according to Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) or a diagnosis of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) plus additional substantial ADHD symptoms. The first step of the adaptive, stepped care design used in ESCApreschool consists of a telephone-assisted self-help (TASH) intervention for parents. Participants are randomised to either the TASH group or a waiting control group. The treatment in step 2 depends on the outcome of step 1: TASH responders without significant residual ADHD/ODD symptoms receive booster sessions of TASH. Partial or non-responders of step 1 are randomised again to either parent management and preschool teacher training or treatment as usual. Discussion The ESCApreschool trial aims to improve knowledge about individualised treatment strategies for preschool children with ADHD following an adaptive stepped care approach, and to provide a scientific basis for individualised medicine for preschool children with ADHD in routine clinical care. Trial registration The trial was registered at the German Clinical Trials Register (DRKS) as a Current Controlled Trial under DRKS00008971 on 1 October 2015. This manuscript is based on protocol version 3 (14 October 2016).

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The effects of parent training on behaviour problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and parenting stress in children with ADHD in routine child psychiatric out-patient care

http://isrctn.org/> ◽

10.1186/isrctn00662276 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Barbara J. van den Hoofdakker

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Parent Training ◽

Patient Care ◽

Parenting Stress ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Behaviour Problems ◽

Adhd Symptoms ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Child Psychiatric

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Correlation between sleep disorder screening and executive dysfunction in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder

Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria ◽

10.1590/0004-282x20130174 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 71 (11) ◽

pp. 896-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Elizabeth Zambrano-Sanchez ◽

Jose A. Martinez-Cortes ◽

Minerva Dehesa-Moreno ◽

Yolanda del Rio-Carlos ◽

Adrian Poblano

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Working Memory ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Executive Dysfunction ◽

Group Method ◽

Control Group ◽

Intelligence Scale ◽

Children With Adhd ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire

Objective To compare frequency of sleep disorders (SD) and executive dysfunction (ED) in children with attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and a control group. Method We studied 156 children with ADHD with a mean age of 8.5 years, and a control group with 111 children with a mean age of 8.3 years. We utilized the Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) to screen SD and the working memory measurement from the Wechsler intelligence scale for children (WISC-IV) to screen ED. Results We did not observe an increased frequency of SD in children with ADHD compared with the controls. However, we did identify ED in children with ADHD; additionally a significant correlation was observed between the type of ADHD and SD and among ED, WISC-IV measurements, and type of SD in children with ADHD. Conclusion An increase of SD frequency in children with ADHD was not observed, but we did identify ED in children with ADHD. Additionally, a correlation among ADHD types, SD, ED, and WISC-IV measurements was observed in children with ADHD.

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