Wind Variability as a Function of Time at Muroc, California

Records of 226 sets of triple theodolite balloon observations taken at Muroc, California, to heights of 38,000 feet have been analyzed to determined magnitudes of horizontal vector wind changes over time intervals from thirty minutes to five hours. The medians of magnitudes of velocity change vary from 2.0 mph over a time interval of 30 minutes to 6.4 mph over a time interval of five hours. The effect of altitude upon time variability of these winds has been studied. The height interval from the surface to 38,000 feet was separated into four altitude zones and it was found that wind variability is greater near the surface than in the zone above it. From the second zone upward, wind variability increased with height.

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Hubungan Perilaku Perdagangan Investor Dengan Volume Perdagangan Di Bursa Efek Indonesia

Jurnal Manajemen Teori dan Terapan | Journal of Theory and Applied Management ◽

10.20473/jmtt.v2i1.2377 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ghazali Syamni

Keyword(s):

Trading Volume ◽

Stock Exchange ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Using Data ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship ◽

Order Pattern ◽

Over Time

This paper examines the relationship of behavior trading investor using data detailed transaction history-corporate edition demand and order history in Indonesia Stock Exchange during period of March, April and May 2005. Peculiarly, behavior placing of investor order at trading volume. The result of this paper indicates that trading volume order pattern to have pattern U shape. The pattern happened that investors have strong desires to places order at the opening and close of compared to in trading periods. While the largest orders are of market at the opening indicates that investor is more conservatively when opening, where many orders when opening has not happened transaction to match. In placing order both of investor does similar strategy. By definition, informed investors’ orders more large than uninformed investors. If comparison of order examined hence both investors behavior relatively changes over time. But, statistically shows there is not ratio significant. This implies behavior trading of informed investors and uninformed investors stable relative over time. The result from regression analysis indicates that informed investors to correlate at trading volume in all time intervals, but not all uninformed investors correlates in every time interval. This imply investor order inform is more can explain trading volume pattern compared to uninformed investor order in Indonesia Stock Exchange. Finally, result of regression also finds that order status match has greater role determines trading volume pattern intraday especially informed buy match and informed sale match. While amend, open and withdraw unable to have role to determine intraday trading volume pattern.

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Active Optimum Control of Orthotropic Plates Using Piezoelectric Stiffeners

14th Biennial Conference on Mechanical Vibration and Noise: Intelligent Structures, Materials, and Vibrations ◽

10.1115/detc1993-0157 ◽

1993 ◽

Author(s):

Victor Birman ◽

Sarp Adali

Keyword(s):

Time Interval ◽

Short Time Interval ◽

Bending Moments ◽

Optimum Control ◽

Orthotropic Plates ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Control Forces ◽

Short Time ◽

Alternating Voltage ◽

Over Time

Abstract Active control of orthotropic plates subjected to an impulse loading is considered. The dynamic response is minimized using in-plane forces or bending moments induced by piezoelectric stiffeners bonded to the opposite surfaces of the plate and placed symmetrically with respect to the middle plane. The control forces and moments are activated by a piece-wise constant alternating voltage with varying switch-over time intervals. The magnitude of voltage is bounded while the switch-over time intervals are constantly adjusted to achieve an optimum control. Numerical examples presented in the paper demonstrate the effectiveness of the method and the possibility of reducing the vibrations to very small amplitudes within a short time interval which is in the order of a second.

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A simple metric to quantify seismicity clustering

Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics ◽

10.5194/npg-17-293-2010 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 293-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

N. F. Cho ◽

K. F. Tiampo ◽

S. D. Mckinnon ◽

J. A. Vallejos ◽

W. Klein ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Physical Meaning ◽

Finite Time ◽

Metastable Equilibrium ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Time Interval ◽

Finite Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

The Past ◽

Local Clustering ◽

Over Time

Abstract. The Thirulamai-Mountain (TM) metric was first developed to study ergodicity in fluids and glasses (Thirumalai and Mountain, 1993) using the concept of effective ergodicity, where a large but finite time interval is considered. Tiampo et al. (2007) employed the TM metric to earthquake systems to search for effective ergodic periods, which are considered to be metastable equilibrium states that are disrupted by large events. The physical meaning of the TM metric for seismicity is addressed here in terms of the clustering of earthquakes in both time and space for different sets of data. It is shown that the TM metric is highly dependent not only on spatial/temporal seismicity clustering, but on the past seismic activity of the region and the time intervals considered as well, and that saturation occurs over time, resulting in a lower sensitivity to local clustering. These results confirm that the TM metric can be used to quantify seismicity clustering from both spatial and temporal perspectives, in which the disruption of effective ergodic periods are caused by the agglomeration of events.

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Interpersonal Identity Development in Different Groups of Siblings

European Psychologist ◽

10.1027/1016-9040/a000030 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 16 (1) ◽

pp. 43-47 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Meike Watzlawik ◽

Sandrine Clodius

Keyword(s):

Identity Development ◽

Romantic Relationships ◽

Sibling Relationships ◽

Monozygotic Twins ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Time Interval ◽

Life Domains ◽

Best Friends ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

With the help of German versions of the modified Utrecht-Groningen Identity Development Scales, we assessed interpersonal identity development of five different groups of siblings. Monozygotic, dizygotic same-sexed, and opposite-sexed twins, as well as same-sexed and opposite-sexed siblings (N = 214; average age 11.2, SD = 1.4) were interviewed three times (time interval: 1 year) in their home environments to examine commitment and exploration in the life domains siblings, best friends, and romantic relationships at each visit, as well as changes over time. Hierarchical analyses showed that, in general, the type of sibling dyad was not related to interpersonal identity development. Only monozygotic twins – being of the same genotype, same sex, and same age – derive more self-esteem from their sibling relationships. In general, a decrease in commitment toward the sibling and an increase of exploration in the life domains best friends and romantic relationships could be observed in all adolescents.

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Subordinate Fish Mediate Aggressiveness Using Recent Contest Information

Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution ◽

10.3389/fevo.2021.685907 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 ◽

Author(s):

Takashi Hotta ◽

Satoshi Awata ◽

Lyndon A. Jordan ◽

Masanori Kohda

Keyword(s):

Body Condition ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Cichlid Fish ◽

Adaptive Strategy ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Assessment Strategy ◽

Dominance Relationships ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Memorizing dominance relationships can help animals avoid unwinnable subsequent contests. However, when competitive ability changes over time—for example, as a function of condition—it may be adaptive to “forget” these dominance relationships and for subordinates to once again enter contests with previously dominant individuals. Here, we examined the behavior of pairs of male cichlid fish, Julidochromis transcriptus, in repeated contests separated by different time intervals. We found that the time taken to reach resolution of dominance relationships influenced subsequent aggressive behavior of the subordinate toward the dominant, with longer initial contests leading to higher subsequent aggression. Longer time intervals between contests also increased aggression from the subordinate toward the dominant. These results are consistent with increasing uncertainty due to ambiguous contest outcomes and increasing time intervals. Our results also show that a longer time was necessary to resolve contests between larger pairs, suggesting a self-assessment strategy, but not a mutual assessment strategy. Taken together, larger individuals appear to adaptively lose or ignore previously gathered social information because they have a higher fighting ability and better body condition. Therefore, we conclude that losing or ignoring unreliable information may be an adaptive strategy in the context of dominance relationships.

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Sectoral Analysis of Landscape Interiors (SALI) as One of the Tools for Monitoring Changes in Green Infrastructure Systems

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su12083192 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (8) ◽

pp. 3192 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Irena Niedźwiecka-Filipiak ◽

Justyna Rubaszek ◽

Anna Podolska ◽

Jowita Pyszczek

Keyword(s):

Green Infrastructure ◽

Expert Knowledge ◽

Time Interval ◽

Sectoral Analysis ◽

Human Scale ◽

Landscape Research ◽

Two Stages ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

The Village ◽

Over Time

The aim of this article was to present Sectoral Analysis of Landscape Interiors (SALI). This method uses the idea of a landscape interior understood as a fragment of a landscape perceived from the level of a person standing at a given point. The analyses were conducted in two stages: stage I—the quantitative stage, and stage II—the qualitative stage. The first part of the research was the analysis of the percentage share of particular elements of landscape interiors in the images perpetuated in photographs, taking into account their level of transparency. The second part was the assessment of their quality based on expert knowledge. The use of the SALI method in the context of the analysis of greenery changes over time was illustrated on the example of the landscape interior of the main street in the village of Psary in Poland. The research was carried out at a time interval of 10 years—for the years 2009 and 2019. The results of the study indicate very large changes and loss of greenery (especially trees) and the associated deterioration of the landscape. The findings confirm the suitability of the method in landscape research at a human scale.

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“ET Plus”: Instability of the Diagnosis During Prospective Longitudinal Follow-up of Essential Tremor Cases

Frontiers in Neurology ◽

10.3389/fneur.2021.782694 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Daniella Iglesias-Hernandez ◽

Nikki Delgado ◽

Margaret McGurn ◽

Edward D. Huey ◽

Stephanie Cosentino ◽

...

Keyword(s):

A Priori ◽

Clinical Feature ◽

Time Interval ◽

Time Intervals ◽

Phenotypic Data ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Stability ◽

Prospective Longitudinal ◽

Over Time

Background: A recent consensus statement introduced the term “ET plus”. Although investigators have quantified the prevalence of ET plus in cross-sectional studies, patients with ET plus have not been tracked longitudinally; hence, there is no understanding of its stability over time.Methods: We present prospective, longitudinal phenotypic data on an ET cohort that was followed regularly at 18-month intervals (T1, T2, T3, T4) for up to 64 months. We assigned an ET or ET plus diagnosis to each case at each time interval.Results: There were 201 participants at baseline. The proportion with ET plus increased from 58.7% at baseline to 72.1% at T4 (p = 0.046). Of 172 (85.6%) who received a diagnosis of ET plus at one or more time intervals, the diagnosis was unstable (e.g., with reversion) in 62 (36.0%). We also assessed the stability of the clinical features of ET plus. Rest tremor was the most unstable clinical feature of ET plus; it was present in 59 participants, among whom it reverted from present to absent in 23 (39.0%). By contrast, for “memory impairment” (i.e., either mild cognitive impairment or dementia), the proportion who reverted from present to absent was only 21.3%.Conclusion: These data support our two a priori hypotheses: (1) the prevalence of ET plus would increase progressively, as it likely represents a more advanced stage of ET, and (2) the ET plus diagnosis would not be stable over time, as cases would fluctuate with respect to their phenotypic features and their assigned diagnoses.

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Analysis and Exploration for Automotive Engine Vibration Signal

Applied Mechanics and Materials ◽

10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.401-403.1230 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 401-403 ◽

pp. 1230-1233

Author(s):

Chang Hao Zhang ◽

Yun Qi Chen

Keyword(s):

Engine Speed ◽

Vibration Signal ◽

Time Interval ◽

Inertia Moment ◽

Engine Operation ◽

Automobile Engine ◽

Continuous Signal ◽

Speed Measurement ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

In Modern society, most of car engines are multi cylinder four stroke engines, rotate speed is an important parameter of the engine, engine running status is a comprehensive expression of engine operation condition. It is also the result of the interaction by the gas torque, load torque and inertia moment. So the speed measurement is of great significance. Car engine speed measurement method has a lot of kinds, this article is based on the vibration method to measure, different methods used in vibration signal acquisition, analysis, processing and implementation. The vibration of the automobile engine output signals are continuous changes over time, we can say is a continuous signal. The vibration of the automobile engine output signals are continuous changes over time, we can say at this time is a continuous signal, when we use vibration sensor to gather the signals, a certain number of sampling points that are in different time, same time interval the vibration data resulting from the sampling theorem. At this time we deal with discrete time signals [1, 3]. Because of various vibration interference, The useful information we want to extract has been hidden in a lot of vibration under the disturbance signal, therefore, we carried out on the vibration signal analysis and processing, converting vibration wave in the frequency domain analysis, combining the new method of machinery vibration signal feature extraction, using short time Fourier transform, multiple correlation theory and Hilbert Huang transform combined with the application, making us in post-processing can extract the characteristic signal under the strong noise background [4]. The original signal frequency is obtained, based on related formulas to calculate car engine speed.

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Comparison of two devices for measuring exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressures in patients with claudication

VASA ◽

10.1024/0301-1526/a000454 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 44 (5) ◽

pp. 355-362 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Marie Urban ◽

Alban Fouasson-Chailloux ◽

Isabelle Signolet ◽

Christophe Colas Ribas ◽

Mathieu Feuilloy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Oxygen Pressure ◽

Optical Sensors ◽

Chemical Sensors ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen ◽

Starting Values ◽

Two Systems ◽

Transcutaneous Oxygen Pressure ◽

New Sensors ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract. Summary: Background: We aimed at estimating the agreement between the Medicap® (photo-optical) and Radiometer® (electro-chemical) sensors during exercise transcutaneous oxygen pressure (tcpO2) tests. Our hypothesis was that although absolute starting values (tcpO2rest: mean over 2 minutes) might be different, tcpO2-changes over time and the minimal value of the decrease from rest of oxygen pressure (DROPmin) results at exercise shall be concordant between the two systems. Patients and methods: Forty seven patients with arterial claudication (65 + / - 7 years) performed a treadmill test with 5 probes each of the electro-chemical and photo-optical devices simultaneously, one of each system on the chest, on each buttock and on each calf. Results: Seventeen Medicap® probes disconnected during the tests. tcpO2rest and DROPmin values were higher with Medicap® than with Radiometer®, by 13.7 + / - 17.1 mm Hg and 3.4 + / - 11.7 mm Hg, respectively. Despite the differences in absolute starting values, changes over time were similar between the two systems. The concordance between the two systems was approximately 70 % for classification of test results from DROPmin. Conclusions: Photo-optical sensors are promising alternatives to electro-chemical sensors for exercise oximetry, provided that miniaturisation and weight reduction of the new sensors are possible.

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