Relationships between the Irrigation-Pumping Electrical Loads and the Local Climate in Climate Division 9, Idaho

2005 ◽  
Vol 44 (12) ◽  
pp. 1972-1978 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric J. Alfaro ◽  
David W. Pierce ◽  
Anne C. Steinemann ◽  
Alexander Gershunov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Contingency Analysis ◽  
Economic Implications ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Climate Fluctuations ◽  
Reasonable Prediction ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Areas

Abstract The electrical load from irrigation pumps is an important part of the overall electricity demand in many agricultural areas of the U.S. west. The date the pumps turn on and the total electrical load they present over the summer varies from year to year, partly because of climate fluctuations. Predicting this variability would be useful to electricity producers that supply the region. This work presents a contingency analysis and linear regression scheme for forecasting summertime irrigation pump loads in southeastern Idaho. The basis of the predictability is the persistence of spring soil moisture conditions into summer, and the effect it has on summer temperatures. There is a strong contemporaneous relationship between soil moisture and temperature in the summer and total summer pump electrical loads so that a reasonable prediction of summer pump electrical loads based on spring soil moisture conditions can be obtained in the region. If one assumes that decision makers will take appropriate actions based on the forecast output, the net economic benefit of forecast information is approximately $2.5 million per year, making this prediction problem an important seasonal summer forecasting issue with significant economic implications.

scholarly journals Comparison of soil moisture indices and field measurements in hilly agricultural lands of SW Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-57
Author(s):  
Gábor Nagy ◽  
Dénes Lóczy ◽  
Szabolcs Czigány ◽  
Mauro Hrvatin ◽  
Rok Ciglič
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Vadose Zone ◽  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Field Measurements ◽  
Land Use Types ◽  
Remote Sensing Techniques ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Agricultural Areas ◽  
Moisture Dynamics

The retention of surface runoff and the preservation of soil moisture are among the most important water-related ecosystem services. In addition to field monitoring, advanced remote sensing techniques have been devised to reveal soil moisture dynamics on agricultural land. In our study we compare two soil moisture indices, TWI and SAVI, in three agricultural areas with different land use types. The SAVI has been found suitable to point out spatial variation on the moisture conditions of the vadose zone.

scholarly journals Estimating evapotranspiration over vegetated surfaces based on wet patch patterns

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1037-1046 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peiyuan Li ◽  
Zhi-Hua Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Energy Exchange ◽  
Hydrological Cycle ◽  
Turbulent Transfer ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Water Energy Nexus ◽  
Physically Based ◽  
Moisture Conditions

Abstract Evapotranspiration (ET) is a critical component of the hydrological cycle and natural water-energy nexus. The dynamics of soil water content (θ) in the top surface layer, regulated by local climate, predominates the surface energy exchange and ET behavior. In this study, we proposed a novel ET-θ relation using a physically based wet patch radius coupling the near surface turbulent transfer and soil water availability. The model is tested against the dataset from eddy covariance (EC) sites in the AmeriFlux network. The results show that ET rate is supply-driven under low soil moisture conditions since the plant controls the transpiration rate to conserve water due to water stress. While in energy-limited condition, increasing soil moisture will not promote ET rate as it is bounded by the lower atmospheric demand. The proposed method is practically designed to calculate ET using variables readily measured by standard EC towers such as soil moisture and meteorological measurements. The method can also potentially be extended to predict the spatial and physical patterns of ecosystem services under different hydroclimatic conditions.

Evaluation of Presswheels and Seed Coverers for Direct Seeding of Brassica

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 599E-600
Author(s):  
Regina P. Bracy ◽  
Richard L. Parish
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Sandy Loam ◽  
Visual Observation ◽  
Mustard Seed ◽  
High Soil Moisture ◽  
Loam Soil ◽  
Direct Seeded ◽  
Plant Emergence ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Determine Effect

Improved stand establishment of direct-seeded crops has usually involved seed treatment and/or seed covers. Planters have been evaluated for seed/plant spacing uniformity, singulation, furrow openers, and presswheel design; however, effects of presswheels and seed coverers on plant establishment have not been widely investigated. Five experiments were conducted in a fine sandy loam soil to determine effect of presswheels and seed coverers on emergence of direct-seeded cabbage and mustard. Seed were planted with Stanhay 870 seeder equipped with one of four presswheels and seed coverers. Presswheels included smooth, mesh, concave split, and flat split types. Seed coverers included standard drag, light drag, paired knives, and no coverer. Soil moisture at planting ranged from 8% to 19% in the top 5 cm of bed. Differences in plant counts taken 2 weeks after planting were minimal with any presswheel or seed coverer. Visual observation indicated the seed furrow was more completely closed with the knife coverer in high soil moisture conditions. All tests received at least 14 mm of precipitation within 6 days from planting, which may account for lack of differences in plant emergence.

scholarly journals Design of a Power System Supervisory Control with Linear Optimization for Electrical Load Management in an Aircraft On-Board DC Microgrid

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (15) ◽  
pp. 8580
Author(s):  
Luigi Rubino ◽  
Guido Rubino ◽  
Paolo Conti
Keyword(s):  
Supervisory Control ◽  
Linear Optimization ◽  
Load Management ◽  
Flight Safety ◽  
Electrical Load ◽  
Dc Microgrid ◽  
Optimal Energy Management ◽  
Electrical Loads ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Board System

In modern aircraft, energy supply management has become a critical matter, since many aboard electrical loads have to be supplied, especially those related to flight safety. However, at the same time, the size and weight of electrical generators must be limited because of their on-board installation. In this paper, the Mixed Integrated Linear Programming (MILP) methodology has been used to formulate the Supervisor definition of the direct current (DC) microgrid (MG) on-board system with an extension for the programmable loads. Due to the problem of dimension increase, two methods have been presented and tested to perform optimal energy management (EM) aboard an aircraft: the Branch and Bound (B&B) and the Linear Regression Approximation (LRA). Finally, numerical simulations and results have been provided to validate the proposed optimization methodologies, according to the dimensions and the complexity of the problem.

Exploring the potential of soil moisture reanalysis data for improving the identification of regional landslide triggering thresholds

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nunziarita Palazzolo ◽  
David J. Peres ◽  
Enrico Creaco ◽  
Antonino Cancelliere
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Rainfall Event ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Rainfall Duration ◽  
Soil Moisture Data ◽  
Initial Soil Moisture ◽  
Initial Soil ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Landslide Triggering

<p>Landslide triggering thresholds provide the rainfall conditions that are likely to trigger landslides, therefore their derivation is key for prediction purposes. Different variables can be considered for the identification of thresholds, which commonly are in the form of a power-law relationship linking rainfall event duration and intensity or cumulated event rainfall. The assessment of such rainfall thresholds generally neglects initial soil moisture conditions at each rainfall event, which are indeed a predisposing factor that can be crucial for the proper definition of the triggering scenario. Thus, more studies are needed to understand whether and the extent to which the integration of the initial soil moisture conditions with rainfall thresholds could improve the conventional precipitation-based approach. Although soil moisture data availability has hindered such type of studies, yet now this information is increasingly becoming available at the large scale, for instance as an output of meteorological reanalysis initiatives. In particular, in this study, we focus on the use of the ERA5-Land reanalysis soil moisture dataset. Climate reanalysis combines past observations with models in order to generate consistent time series and the ERA5-Land data actually provides the volume of water in soil layer at different depths and at global scale. Era5-Land project is, indeed, a global dataset at 9 km horizontal resolution in which atmospheric data are at an hourly scale from 1981 to present. Volumetric soil water data are available at four depths ranging from the surface level to 289 cm, namely 0-7 cm, 7-28 cm, 28-100 cm, and 100-289 cm. After collecting the rainfall and soil moisture data at the desired spatio-temporal resolution, together with the target data discriminating landslide and no-landslide events, we develop automatic triggering/non-triggering classifiers and test their performances via confusion matrix statistics. In particular, we compare the performances associated with the following set of precursors: a) event rainfall duration and depth (traditional approach), b) initial soil moisture at several soil depths, and c) event rainfall duration and depth and initial soil moisture at different depths. The approach is applied to the Oltrepò Pavese region (northern Italy), for which the historical observed landslides have been provided by the IFFI project (Italian landslides inventory). Results show that soil moisture may allow an improvement in the performances of the classifier, but that the quality of the landslide inventory is crucial.</p>

Rainfall thresholds for the triggering of landslides considering previous soil moisture conditions (Asturias, NW Spain)

Landslides ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 273-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pablo Valenzuela ◽  
María José Domínguez-Cuesta ◽  
Manuel Antonio Mora García ◽  
Montserrat Jiménez-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Nw Spain ◽  
Rainfall Thresholds ◽  
Moisture Conditions

scholarly journals Germination of Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez (Lauraceae) seeds in laboratory and natural restinga environment conditions

2009 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 935-942 ◽  
Author(s):  
LA. Pires ◽  
VJM. Cardoso ◽  
CA. Joly ◽  
RR. Rodrigues
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Soil Moisture Content ◽  
Weibull Model ◽  
Limiting Factors ◽  
Base Temperature ◽  
Temperature Range ◽  
Optimal Temperature Range ◽  
Dry Soil ◽  
Moisture Conditions ◽  
Temperature Water

The germination response of Ocotea pulchella (Nees) Mez seeds to light, temperature, water level and pulp presence is introduced. The laboratory assays were carried out in germination chambers and thermal-gradient apparatus, whereas the field assays were performed in environments with distinct light, temperature and soil moisture conditions within a permanent parcel of Restinga forest of the Parque Estadual da Ilha do Cardoso, Cananéia, São Paulo. The seeds do not exhibit dormancy, they are non photoblastic, and a loss of viability in dry stored seeds can be related to a decrease in water content of the seed. The presence of the pulp and the flooded substratum influenced negatively the germination of O. pulchella seeds tested in the laboratory. Otherwise, light and temperature probably are not limiting factors of the germination of O. pulchella seeds in the natural environment of Restinga. The optimum temperature range for germination of Ocotea pulchella seeds was 20 to 32 ºC, the minimum or base temperature estimated was 11 ºC and the maximum ranged between 33 and 42 ºC. The isotherms exhibited a sigmoidal pattern well described by the Weibull model in the sub-optimal temperature range. The germinability of O. pulchella seeds in the understorey, both in wet and dry soil, was higher than in gaps. Germination was not affected by fluctuations in soil moisture content in the understorey environment, whereas in gaps, germination was higher in wet soils. Thus, the germination of this species involves the interaction of two or more factors and it cannot be explained by a single factor.

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