scholarly journals Analysis of Spatiotemporal Balancing between Wind and Solar Energy Resources in the Southern Iberian Peninsula

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (11) ◽  
pp. 2005-2024 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. J. Santos-Alamillos ◽  
D. Pozo-Vázquez ◽  
J. A. Ruiz-Arias ◽  
V. Lara-Fanego ◽  
J. Tovar-Pescador
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Mesoscale Model ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Energy Estimates ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
Lower Variability

AbstractElectricity from wind and, to a lesser extent, solar energy is intermittent and not controllable. Unlike conventional power generation, therefore, this electricity is not suitable to supply base-load electric power. In the future, with greater penetration of these renewable sources, intermittency and control problems will become critical. Here, the authors explore the use of canonical correlation analysis (CCA) for analyzing spatiotemporal balancing between regional solar and wind energy resources. The CCA allows optimal distribution of wind farms and solar energy plants across a territory to minimize the variability of total energy input into the power supply system. The method was tested in the southern half of the Iberian Peninsula, a region covering about 350 000 km2. The authors used daily-integrated wind and solar energy estimates in 2007 from the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) mesoscale model, at a spatial resolution of 9 km. Results showed valuable balancing patterns in the study region, but with a marked seasonality in strength, sign, and spatial coverage. The autumn season showed the most noteworthy results, with a balancing pattern extending almost over the entire study region. With location of reference wind farms and photovoltaic (PV) plants according to the balancing patterns, their combined power production shows substantially lower variability than production of the wind farms and PV plants separately and combined production obtained with any other locations. Atmospheric circulations associated with the balancing patterns were found to be significantly different between seasons. In this regard, synoptic-scale variability played an important role, but so did topographic conditions, especially near the Strait of Gibraltar.

A Study on the Balancing of the Wind and Solar Energy Resources in Andalusia (Southern Iberian Peninsula)

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Pozo-Vazquez ◽  
Francisco Santos-Alamillos ◽  
Jose Ruiz-Arias ◽  
Vicente Lara Fanego ◽  
Joaquin Tovar-Pescador
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Energy Resources

scholarly journals Research of the variable natural potential of the wind and energy energy in the northern strip of the ukrainian carpathians

2020 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 06002
Author(s):  
Anatoliy Tryhuba ◽  
Oleg Bashynsky ◽  
Ihor Garasymchuk ◽  
Oleg Gorbovy ◽  
Dariia Vilchinska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Meteorological Station ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Managerial Decisions ◽  
Energy Assessment ◽  
Speed Up

The expediency of studying the varying potential of wind and solar energy in the northern strip of the Ukrainian Carpathians is substantiated. The technique of conducting experiments to determine the natural potential of wind and solar energy is proposed and a model for determining the relative volumes of electricity generation by wind farms and solar electrical installations is developed. Based on the conducted research, according to the Drohobych meteorological station, an energy assessment of wind and solar energy resources in the northern strip of the Ukrainian Carpathians was performed. It is substantiated that the theoretical curves of distribution of wind velocity in separate quarters of the year in the territory of the northern strip of the Ukrainian Carpathians are described by the Weibull distributions. Based on the calculations, it is established that the highest total daily solar radiation is in the summer months. Daily graphs of the relative generation of electricity by wind farms and solar electric installations have been constructed. The expediency of formation of combined systems of energy supply of objects from wind and solar energy in the northern strip of the Ukrainian Carpathians has been established. The substantiated patterns of change in the natural potential of wind and solar energy, as well as the graphs of the relative generation of electricity from them, will significantly speed up managerial decisions and improve their quality.

scholarly journals Correlation between the distribution of solar energy resources and the cloud cover in Xinjiang

2021 ◽  
Vol 675 (1) ◽  
pp. 012060
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Wan ◽  
Fang Qin ◽  
Fang Cui ◽  
Weidong Chen ◽  
Huang Ding ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Energy Resources

scholarly journals The Role of Recent (1985–2014) Patterns of Land Abandonment and Environmental Factors in the Establishment and Growth of Secondary Forests in the Iberian Peninsula

Land ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 817
Author(s):  
Marina Palmero-Iniesta ◽  
Josep Maria Espelta ◽  
Mario Padial-Iglesias ◽  
Òscar Gonzàlez-Guerrero ◽  
Lluís Pesquer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Factors ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Forest Cover ◽  
Secondary Forest ◽  
Forest Growth ◽  
Deciduous Forests ◽  
Secondary Forests ◽  
Study Region ◽  
Leaf Habit ◽  
Forest Establishment

Farmland abandonment has been a widespread land-use change in the Iberian Peninsula since the second half of the 20th century, leading to the establishment of secondary forests across the region. In this study, we aimed to address changes in the recent (1985–2014) emergence patterns of these forests and examine how environmental factors affected their growth by considering differences in leaf-habit types. We used a combination of Landsat-derived land-cover maps and aboveground biomass (AGB) maps from the European Space Agency to assess the secondary forest establishment and growth, respectively, in the study region. We also obtained a set of topographic, climatic and landscape variables from diverse GIS layers and used them for determining changes over time in the environmental drivers of forest establishment and AGB using general linear models. The results highlight that secondary forest cover was still increasing in the Iberian Peninsula at a rate above the European average. Yet, they also indicate a directional change in the emergence of secondary forests towards lower and less steep regions with higher water availability (mean rainfall and SPEI) and less forest cover but are subjected to greater drought events. In addition, these environmental factors differentially affect the growth of forests with different leaf-habit types: i.e., needleleaf secondary forests being less favoured by high temperature and precipitation, and broadleaf deciduous forests being most negatively affected by drought. Finally, these spatial patterns of forest emergence and the contrasting responses of forest leaf-habits to environmental factors explained the major development of broadleaf evergreen compared to broadleaf deciduous forests and, especially, needleleaf secondary forests. These results will improve the knowledge of forest dynamics that have occurred in the Iberian Peninsula in recent decades and provide an essential tool for understanding the potential effects of climate warming on secondary forest growth.

scholarly journals From natural to artificial photosynthesis

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (81) ◽  
pp. 20120984 ◽  
Author(s):  
James Barber ◽  
Phong D. Tran
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Nuclear Fusion ◽  
Fusion Energy ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Primary Energy ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
High Energy Density ◽  
Chemical Bonds ◽  
Natural Photosynthesis

Demand for energy is projected to increase at least twofold by mid-century relative to the present global consumption because of predicted population and economic growth. This demand could be met, in principle, from fossil energy resources, particularly coal. However, the cumulative nature of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions demands that stabilizing the atmospheric CO 2 levels to just twice their pre-anthropogenic values by mid-century will be extremely challenging, requiring invention, development and deployment of schemes for carbon-neutral energy production on a scale commensurate with, or larger than, the entire present-day energy supply from all sources combined. Among renewable and exploitable energy resources, nuclear fusion energy or solar energy are by far the largest. However, in both cases, technological breakthroughs are required with nuclear fusion being very difficult, if not impossible on the scale required. On the other hand, 1 h of sunlight falling on our planet is equivalent to all the energy consumed by humans in an entire year. If solar energy is to be a major primary energy source, then it must be stored and despatched on demand to the end user. An especially attractive approach is to store solar energy in the form of chemical bonds as occurs in natural photosynthesis. However, a technology is needed which has a year-round average conversion efficiency significantly higher than currently available by natural photosynthesis so as to reduce land-area requirements and to be independent of food production. Therefore, the scientific challenge is to construct an ‘artificial leaf’ able to efficiently capture and convert solar energy and then store it in the form of chemical bonds of a high-energy density fuel such as hydrogen while at the same time producing oxygen from water. Realistically, the efficiency target for such a technology must be 10 per cent or better. Here, we review the molecular details of the energy capturing reactions of natural photosynthesis, particularly the water-splitting reaction of photosystem II and the hydrogen-generating reaction of hydrogenases. We then follow on to describe how these two reactions are being mimicked in physico-chemical-based catalytic or electrocatalytic systems with the challenge of creating a large-scale robust and efficient artificial leaf technology.

scholarly journals Comparison of GOME-2/MetOp total ozone data with Brewer spectroradiometer data over the Iberian Peninsula

2009 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 1377-1386 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Antón ◽  
D. Loyola ◽  
M. López ◽  
J. M. Vilaplana ◽  
M. Bañón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
Total Ozone ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Retrieval Algorithm ◽  
Data Dependencies ◽  
Ozone Data ◽  
Significant Dependence ◽  
Ozone Profile ◽  
Lower Variability ◽  
Relative Differences

Abstract. The main objective of this article is to compare the total ozone data from the new Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment instrument (GOME-2/MetOp) with reliable ground-based measurement recorded by five Brewer spectroradiometers in the Iberian Peninsula. In addition, a similar comparison for the predecessor instrument GOME/ERS-2 is described. The period of study is a whole year from May 2007 to April 2008. The results show that GOME-2/MetOp ozone data already has a very good quality, total ozone columns are on average 3.05% lower than Brewer measurements. This underestimation is higher than that obtained for GOME/ERS-2 (1.46%). However, the relative differences between GOME-2/MetOp and Brewer measurements show significantly lower variability than the differences between GOME/ERS-2 and Brewer data. Dependencies of these relative differences with respect to the satellite solar zenith angle (SZA), the satellite scan angle, the satellite cloud cover fraction (CF), and the ground-based total ozone measurements are analyzed. For both GOME instruments, differences show no significant dependence on SZA. However, GOME-2/MetOp data show a significant dependence on the satellite scan angle (+1.5%). In addition, GOME/ERS-2 differences present a clear dependence with respect to the CF and ground-based total ozone; such differences are minimized for GOME-2/MetOp. The comparison between the daily total ozone values provided by both GOME instruments shows that GOME-2/MetOp ozone data are on average 1.46% lower than GOME/ERS-2 data without any seasonal dependence. Finally, deviations of a priori climatological ozone profile used by the satellite retrieval algorithm from the true ozone profile are analyzed. Although excellent agreement between a priori climatological and measured partial ozone values is found for the middle and high stratosphere, relative differences greater than 15% are common for the troposphere and lower stratosphere.

scholarly journals Exploring Combined Influences of Seasonal East Atlantic (EA) and North Atlantic Oscillation (Nao) on the Temperature-Precipitation Relationship in the Iberian Peninsula

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando S. Rodrigo
Keyword(s):  
North Atlantic Oscillation ◽  
Iberian Peninsula ◽  
North Atlantic ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
East Atlantic ◽  
Teleconnection Patterns ◽  
The North ◽  
Spatial Coverage ◽  
The North Atlantic Oscillation

The combined influence of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) and the East Atlantic (EA) patterns on the covariability of temperatures and precipitation in 35 stations of the Iberian Peninsula during the period 1950-2019 is analysed in this work. Four EA-NAO composites were defined from teleconnection patterns positive and negative phases: EA+NAO+, EA+NAO-, EA-NAO+, and EA-NAO-. Daily data of maximum and minimum temperature were used to obtain seasonal means (TX, and TN, respectively), and the covariability of these variables with accumulated seasonal rainfall (R) was studied comparing results obtained for different NAO and EA composites. Main results indicate slight differences in the spatial coverage of correlation coefficients between R and temperature variables, except in spring when the generalized negative relationship between R and TX under EA+NAO+ and EA-NAO- disappears under EA-NAO+ and EA+NAO- composites. This result may be useful to interpret and discuss historical reconstructions of Iberian climate.

scholarly journals Photovoltaics: solar energy resources and the possibility of their use

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-32
Author(s):  
Tadeusz Rodziewicz ◽  
Aleksander Zaremba ◽  
Maria Wacławek
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Solar Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Power Industry ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Photovoltaic Power ◽  
New Ideas ◽  
World Records

Abstract In this paper possibilities and limits of use of solar energy (like the best efficiencies of PV cells, world records and ‘notable exceptions’) were shown. Also some new ideas and concepts in photovoltaics (like new photovoltaic power plants or energy storage) were presented. Additionally authors try to predict development of solar power industry.

scholarly journals ASSESSMENT OF SURFACE DOWNWELLING SHORTWAVE RADIATION IN 2021-2050 IN LAAYOUNE − SAKIA EL HAMRA REGION, MOROCCO

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 23-29
Author(s):  
Youssef El Hadri ◽  
Valeriy Khokhlov ◽  
Mariia Slizhe ◽  
Kateryna Sernytska ◽  
Kateryna Stepanova
Keyword(s):  
Solar Energy ◽  
Spatial Resolution ◽  
Cloud Cover ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Solar Power ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Energy Resources ◽  
Shortwave Radiation ◽  
Total Cloud Cover ◽  
Solar Power Plants

Morocco's energy system is highly dependent on external energy markets. According to the Ministry Energy, Mines and Sustainable Development today more than 93 % of energy resources are imported to Morocco. In 2008 the Moroccan Government has developed a National Energy Strategy, and one of its priority areas is to increase the share of renewable technologies in the country's energy sector. Morocco is rich in solar energy resources. Studies on the assessment of the Morocco’s solar energy potential indicate, among other benefits, low additional costs when using solar installations compared to losses associated with the solution of future climate problems and lack of resources. The plan envisages the commissioning of solar power plants in Ouarzazate, Ain Ben Mathar, Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune by 2020. The aim of this research is determination of the characteristics of the distribution of Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation in the area of the solar power Boujdour, Tarfaya and Laayoune, located in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region in 2021−2050. The data from regional climate modeling with high spatial resolution of the CORDEX-Africa project are used in this research. The RCM modeling is carried out for the region of Africa, in a rectangular coordinate system with a spatial resolution of ~ 44 km. Then, from the modeling data, values are highlighted for the territory of Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region. Model calculation is performed taking into account the greenhouse gas concentration trajectory of RCP 4.5 calculated using 11 regional climate models. As a result of the simulation for the period 2021−2050, average monthly values of the Surface Downwelling Shortwave Radiation "RSDS" (W/m2) are derived, on the basis of which the mean values for the period of time are calculated. For more detailed information, average monthly total cloud cover values "TC" (%) for the period under study are calculated. Analysis of the change in RSDS in 2021–2050 relative to the recent climatic period is shown that in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region we can expect an increase or retention of its values. The annual run of the RSDS has one maximum in June and one minimum in December. In the future, the distribution of RSDS in the Laayoune − Sakia El Hamra region will have a significant impact on proximity to the Atlantic Ocean, where an increased amount of total cloud cover significantly reduces the amount of incoming radiation. In the location of solar power plants in the near future, the current RSDS values are expected to be maintained, which creates favorable conditions for the further development of the renewable energy industry in this area and increasing its productivity.

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