scholarly journals Delayed Impacts of Tropical Cyclones Irene 2011 and Isaac 2012 in the Caribbean Antilles

2015 ◽  
Vol 54 (5) ◽  
pp. 933-943
Author(s):  
Mark R. Jury
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Tropical Cyclones ◽  
Heavy Rainfall ◽  
Caribbean Sea ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Emergency Managers ◽  
River Outflow ◽  
Stormy Weather ◽  
The Caribbean

AbstractThis study considers tropical cyclones Irene in Puerto Rico from 2011 and Isaac in the Dominican Republic from 2012. Impacts trailed more than a day after the storm in both cases. Irene passed Puerto Rico on 22 August 2011, yet bands of heavy rainfall caused floods and disruption on 23 August. In the second case, Isaac passed Hispaniola on 24 August 2012, but stormy weather continued on 25 August. Onshore winds, 4-m waves, and associated tides and river outflow closed the harbor of Santo Domingo. Emergency managers and maritime operators should be aware of the delayed impacts of tropical cyclones in the Caribbean Sea region.

Leishmania spp. and leishmaniasis on the Caribbean islands

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqun Yao
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Trinidad And Tobago ◽  
Parasite Species ◽  
Sand Fly ◽  
Caribbean Islands ◽  
Leishmania Spp ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Human Infections ◽  
Sand Fly Vectors

Abstract The kinetoplastid protozoan Leishmania spp. cause leishmaniasis, which clinically exhibit mainly as a cutaneous, mucocutanous or visceral form depending upon the parasite species in humans. The disease is widespread geographically, leading to 20 000 annual deaths. Here, leishmaniases in both humans and animals, reservoirs and sand fly vectors on the Caribbean islands are reviewed. Autochthonous human infections by Leishmania spp. were found in the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe and Martinique as well as Trinidad and Tobago; canine infections were found in St. Kitts and Grenada; and equine infections were found in Puerto Rico. Imported human cases have been reported in Cuba. The parasites included Leishmania amazonensis, Le. martiniquensis and Le. waltoni. Possible sand fly vectors included Lutzomyia christophei, Lu. atroclavatus, Lu. cayennensis and Lu. flaviscutellata as well as Phlebotomus guadeloupensis. Reservoirs included rats, rice rats and mouse opossum. An updated study is warranted for the control and elimination of leishmaniasis in the region because some of the data are four decades old.

scholarly journals Understanding the Urgent Need for Subtitling for the Deaf and Hard of Hearing in the Spanish-Speaking Greater Antilles

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrián Fuentes-Luque ◽  
Pabsi Livmar González-Irizarry
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Hard Of Hearing ◽  
Greater Antilles ◽  
Social Barriers ◽  
Spanish Speaking ◽  
Current State ◽  
The World ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Caribbean

Even though Audiovisual Translation (AVT) is growing and flourishing throughout the world, it is practically unheard-of in the Caribbean, where accessibility faces an even bleaker existence. The circumstances of the deaf and hard of hearing (also referred to as D/deaf) are no less alarming: social barriers and exclusion are widespread. This paper emphasizes the need to make subtitles accessible in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean, specifically on the islands of Puerto Rico, Cuba, and the Dominican Republic, and underscores the challenges faced by the D/deaf communities on each island. Our research focuses on issues like AVT laws and regulations, the habits of viewers of audiovisual (AV) products, and literacy and limitations on each island. This paper also examines the different types of D/deaf audiovisual consumers in the Spanish-speaking Caribbean and the difficulties each community faces when accessing media and entertainment. Our research reveals the current state of AVT accessibility in this region and provides a foundation for influencing legislators to begin enforcing AVT regulations and drafting SDH guidelines.

Mycosyrinx cissi. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1988 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. E. M. Mordue
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Costa Rica ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Gulf Of Mexico ◽  
Sierra Leone ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
French Guiana ◽  
Caribbean Sea

Abstract A description is provided for Mycosyrinx cissi. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: Cissus sicyoides and other species of Cissus, including C. acida, C. afzeli, C. diffusiflora, C. erosa, C. quadrangularis, C. rhombifolia and C. trifoliata. DISEASE: Inflorescence smut of cissus. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: Widespread in areas around the Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea, including Bahamas, Belize, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Guatemala, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Panama, Puerto Rico, St. Croix, Trinidad, USA (Florida) Venezuela; also found in Brazil, Ecuador (including Galapagos Is.), French Guiana, Guyana, Peru. Africa: Congo Ghana, Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone, Tanzania, Uganda, Zaire. Asia: India, Yemen. TRANSMISSION: No detailed studies reported.

scholarly journals P749 Epidemiological and clinical characterisation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in Latin America and the Caribbean: The EPI-LATAM IBD study from the Pan American Crohn’s colitis organisation

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S599-S600 ◽  
Author(s):  
J K Yamamoto-Furusho ◽  
N N Parra-Holguín ◽  
E Grupo-Colombiano ◽  
F Bosques-Padilla ◽  
G Veitia-Velásquez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Latin America ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Steroid Resistance ◽  
Extraintestinal Manifestations ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics ◽  
Latin American And Caribbean

Abstract Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is currently recognised as a global health problem, since its incidence and prevalence have increased significantly worldwide in recent years. Studies in Latin America are only limited to reporting incidence and prevalence, so our main objective is to report the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of IBD in Latin American and Caribbean countries. Methods This is a multicentre cohort study in which 8 Latin American and Caribbean countries were included: Colombia, Cuba, Mexico, Peru, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Uruguay and Venezuela during the period from August 2017 to October 2019. Two study groups were conducted by geographic region due to their ethnicity, Group 1) Caribbean: Cuba, Puerto Rico and Dominican Republic, Group 2) Latin America: Colombia, Mexico, Venezuela and Peru. Statistical analysis was performed with the statistical programme SPSS v.24. A value of p <0.05 was taken as significant. Results This study included a total of 4216 IBD patients from 8 countries. The CD was more frequent than UC in the following countries: Puerto Rico with 68.5%, Dominican Republic 56.3% and Peru with 53.1%, while in the rest of the countries the frequency of UC predominated, in Colombia by 79.2%, Venezuela in 78.4%, Cuba in 69.9% and Mexico in 75.8%. The Caribbean countries had a significantly higher frequency in the fistulising phenotype in CD with 65.1% (p = 0.0001), steroid dependence in 11.51% (pp = 0.002), steroid resistance in 28.5% (pp = 0.0001), thiopurine intolerance in 1.40% (p = 0.0002), extraintestinal manifestations in 55.91% (p = 0.0001), IBD surgeries in 32.10% (p = 0.0001) and family history of IBD reported a frequency of 15.60% (p = 0.0001). For Latin America, the frequency of pancolitis was more frequent in 48.21% (p = 0001) in patients with UC. The factors associated with the use of biological therapy were: fistulising phenotype in CD, steroid resistance, thiopurine intolerance, presence of extraintestinal manifestations and IBD-related surgeries. There is an increased frequency in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades (2000–2019), being 7.5 times for UC and 12.5 times for CD as show in Figure 1. Conclusion This is the first large and multicentre study in Latin America and the Caribbean which showed significant increase in the diagnosis of IBD in the last two decades as well as the differences in clinical and epidemiological characteristics between both regions.

The Civil War in an Atlantic Context

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Don H. Doyle
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Civil War ◽  
Free Trade ◽  
Public Diplomacy ◽  
New World ◽  
The United States ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
International Crisis ◽  
The Caribbean

America’s Civil War became part of a much larger international crisis as European powers, happy to see the experiment in self-government fail in America’s “Great Republic,” took advantage of the situation to reclaim former colonies in the Caribbean and establish a European monarchy in Mexico. Overseas, in addition to their formal diplomatic appeals to European governments, both sides also experimented with public diplomacy campaigns to influence public opinion. Confederate foreign policy sought to win recognition and aid from Europe by offering free trade in cotton and aligning their cause with that of the aristocratic anti-democratic governing classes of Europe. The Union, instead, appealed to liberal, republican sentiment abroad by depicting the war as a trial of democratic government and embracing emancipation of the slaves. The Union victory led to the withdrawal of European empires from the New World: Spain from Santo Domingo, France from Mexico, Russia from Alaska, and Britain from Canada, and the destruction of slavery in the United States hastened its end in Puerto Rico, Cuba, and Brazil.

National politics and ethnic identity in the Dominican Republic

2002 ◽  
Vol 76 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 105-113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward Paulino
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
North Carolina ◽  
Ethnic Identity ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
The United States ◽  
University Of North Carolina ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
National Politics ◽  
Chapel Hill ◽  
The Caribbean

[First paragraph]The Struggle of Democratie Politics in the Dominican Republic. JONATHAN HARTLYN. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998. xxi + 371 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.95, Paper US$ 17.95)Holocaust in the Caribbean: The Slaughter of 25,000 Haitians by Trujillo in One Week. MIGUEL AQUINO. Waterbury CT: Emancipation Press, 1997. xxii +184 pp. (Paper n.p.)Race and Politics in the Dominican Republic. ERNESTO SAGAS. Gainesville: University Press of Florida, 2000. xii +161 pp. (Cloth US$ 49.95)Azücar, Arabes, cocolos y haitianos. ORLANDO INOA. Santo Domingo: Ed. Cole and FLACSO, 1999. 219 pp. (Paper n.p.)Over the last few years there has been an increase in the publication of books about the Dominican Republic and Dominicans in the United States. This can be partly attributed to the increase of Dominican communities.1 Moreover, Dominican and Dominican-American writers who underscore the trials and tribulations of the immigrant experience are becoming more visible in the mainstream print.2

scholarly journals Constitutional Unamendability in the Region

2020 ◽  
pp. 104-128
Author(s):  
Yaniv Roznai
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Constitutional Change ◽  
Central Feature ◽  
Constitutional Design ◽  
Global Trend ◽  
Global Constitutionalism ◽  
The Caribbean ◽  
Amendment Procedure

A central feature within constitutional design is the amendment procedure or formula, through which formal changes to the constitution can take place. There is a growing trend in global constitutionalism to impose various limitations on constitutional amendment powers (‘unamendability’). These restrictions on the ability to amend constitutions may be procedural, for example by demanding special procedural conditions for amending the constitution. Others are temporal and require constitutional actors to adhere to certain specifications as to the timing of various steps in the formal amendment process, either at the proposal or ratification stages, or both. More contentious is the imposition of substantive limitations on amending constitutional subjects (provisions, principles, rules, symbols, or institutions) through the formal constitutional amendment provision (‘substantive unamendability’). Substantive unamendability of a constitutional subject may be explicit in the form of –what is often termed – eternity or unamendable clauses, or may be implicit as result of courts’ interpretation of the constitutional text, declaring that even in the absence of explicit unamendability, certain constitutional principles are implicitly unamendable. The Chapter focuses on unamendability in the Caribbean. It reviews some of the formal or temporal limitations that we find in Caribbean Constitutions; then reviews explicit substantive limitations, focusing on Cuba, Haiti and Dominican Republic, and implied substantive limitations, as applied in Belize and hinted in Puerto Rico. The Chapter demonstrates that the global trend of limitations on formal constitutional change finds its manifestations also in Caribbean Constitutions.

Physopella zeae. [Descriptions of Fungi and Bacteria].

1964 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. F. Laundon
Keyword(s):  
Zea Mays ◽  
Puerto Rico ◽  
South America ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
Crop Yield ◽  
Premature Death ◽  
Santo Domingo ◽  
Tropical Areas ◽  
The Caribbean

Abstract A description is provided for Physopella zeae. Information is included on the disease caused by the organism, its transmission, geographical distribution, and hosts. HOSTS: On Zea mays. DISEASE: Rust causing premature death of leaves and reduction in crop yield. GEOGRAPHICAL DISTRIBUTION: In tropical areas of Central and South America (Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico, and Nicaragua) and the Caribbean (Grenada, Jamaica, Puerto Rico, St. Vincent, Santo Domingo and Trinidad). TRANSMISSION: Presumably aerial.

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