Observed and Modeled Warm Rainfall Occurrence and Its Relationships with Cloud Macrophysical Properties

2015 ◽  
Vol 72 (11) ◽  
pp. 4075-4090 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M. King ◽  
Christian D. Kummerow ◽  
Susan C. van den Heever ◽  
Matthew R. Igel
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Rainfall Occurrence ◽  
Analysis Technique ◽  
Lower Cloud ◽  
Statistical Relationships ◽  
Macrophysical Properties ◽  
Fine Resolution ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Negatively Buoyant ◽  
Equilibrium Experiment

Abstract Observed and modeled rainfall occurrence from shallow (warm) maritime clouds and their composite statistical relationships with cloud macrophysical properties are analyzed and directly compared. Rain falls from ~25% of warm, single-layered, maritime clouds observed by CloudSat and from ~27% of the analogous warm clouds simulated within a large-domain, fine-resolution radiative–convective equilibrium experiment performed using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), with its sophisticated bin-emulating bulk microphysical scheme. While the fractional occurrence of observed and simulated warm rainfall is found to increase with both increasing column-integrated liquid water and cloud depth, calculations of rainfall occurrence as a joint function of these two macrophysical quantities suggest that the modeled bulk cloud-to-rainwater conversion process is more efficient than observations indicate—in agreement with previous research. Unexpectedly and in opposition to the model-derived relationship, deeper CloudSat-observed warm clouds with little column water mass are more likely to rain than their corresponding shallow counterparts, despite having lower cloud-mean water contents. Given that these composite relationships were derived from statically identified warm clouds, an attempt is made to quantitatively explore rainfall occurrence within the context of the warm cloud life cycle. Extending a previously established cloud-top buoyancy analysis technique, it is shown that rainfall likelihoods from positively buoyant RAMS-simulated clouds more closely resemble the surprising observed relationships than do those derived from negatively buoyant simulated clouds. This suggests that relative to the depiction of warm clouds within the RAMS output, CloudSat observes higher proportions of positively buoyant, developing warm clouds.

Investigation of the Summer Climate of the Contiguous United States and Mexico Using the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS). Part II: Model Climate Variability

2007 ◽  
Vol 20 (15) ◽  
pp. 3866-3887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher L. Castro ◽  
Roger A. Pielke ◽  
Jimmy O. Adegoke ◽  
Siegfried D. Schubert ◽  
Phillip J. Pegion
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Climate Model ◽  
Weather Prediction ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Summer Rainfall ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ◽  
Prediction Mode ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Seasonal Weather

Abstract Summer simulations over the contiguous United States and Mexico with the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) dynamically downscaling the NCEP–NCAR Reanalysis I for the period 1950–2002 (described in Part I of the study) are evaluated with respect to the three dominant modes of global SST. Two of these modes are associated with the statistically significant, naturally occurring interannual and interdecadal variability in the Pacific. The remaining mode corresponds to the recent warming of tropical sea surface temperatures. Time-evolving teleconnections associated with Pacific SSTs delay or accelerate the evolution of the North American monsoon. At the period of maximum teleconnectivity in late June and early July, there is an opposite relationship between precipitation in the core monsoon region and the central United States. Use of a regional climate model (RCM) is essential to capture this variability because of its representation of the diurnal cycle of convective rainfall. The RCM also captures the observed long-term changes in Mexican summer rainfall and suggests that these changes are due in part to the recent increase in eastern Pacific SST off the Mexican coast. To establish the physical linkage to remote SST forcing, additional RAMS seasonal weather prediction mode simulations were performed and these results are briefly discussed. In order for RCMs to be successful in a seasonal weather prediction mode for the summer season, it is required that the GCM provide a reasonable representation of the teleconnections and have a climatology that is comparable to a global atmospheric reanalysis.

scholarly journals The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS): Current Status and Future Directions

Atmosphere ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 747 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scot Rafkin ◽  
Timothy Michaels
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Experiments ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Lessons Learned ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Current State ◽  
Development Plans ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Physical Parameterizations

The Mars Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (MRAMS) is closing in on two decades of use as a tool to investigate mesoscale and microscale circulations and dynamics in the atmosphere of Mars. Over this period of time, there have been numerous improvements and additions to the model dynamical core, physical parameterizations, and framework. At the same time, the application of the model to Mars (and related code for other planets) has taught many lessons about limitations and cautions that should be exercised. The current state of MRAMS is described along with a review of prior studies and findings utilizing the model. Where appropriate, lessons learned are provided to help guide future users and aid in the design and interpretation of numerical experiments. The paper concludes with a discussion of future MRAMS development plans.

scholarly journals The Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS 5.2): an integrated environmental model tuned for tropical areas

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo R. Freitas ◽  
Jairo Panetta ◽  
Karla M. Longo ◽  
Luiz F. Rodrigues ◽  
Demerval S. Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
South America ◽  
Atmospheric Chemistry ◽  
Amazon Basin ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Tracer Transport ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ◽  
Near Surface ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling

Abstract. We present a new version of the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System where different previous versions for weather, chemistry and carbon cycle were unified in a single integrated software system. The new version also has a new set of state-of-the-art physical parameterizations and greater computational parallel and memory usage efficiency. Together with the description of the main features are examples of the quality of the transport scheme for scalars, radiative fluxes on surface and model simulation of rainfall systems over South America in different spatial resolutions using a scale-aware convective parameterization. Besides, the simulation of the diurnal cycle of the convection and carbon dioxide concentration over the Amazon Basin, as well as carbon dioxide fluxes from biogenic processes over a large portion of South America are shown. Atmospheric chemistry examples present model performance in simulating near-surface carbon monoxide and ozone in Amazon Basin and Rio de Janeiro megacity. For tracer transport and dispersion, it is demonstrated the model capabilities to simulate the volcanic ash 3-d redistribution associated with the eruption of a Chilean volcano. Then, the gain of computational efficiency is described with some details. BRAMS has been applied for research and operational forecasting mainly in South America. Model results from the operational weather forecast of BRAMS on 5 km grid spacing in the Center for Weather Forecasting and Climate Studies, INPE/Brazil, since 2013 are used to quantify the model skill of near surface variables and rainfall. The scores show the reliability of BRAMS for the tropical and subtropical areas of South America. Requirements for keeping this modeling system competitive regarding on its functionalities and skills are discussed. At last, we highlight the relevant contribution of this work on the building up of a South American community of model developers.

scholarly journals Estimativa de radiação solar via modelagem atmosférica de mesoescala aplicada à região nordeste do Brasil

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 339-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otacilio Leandro De Menezes Neto ◽  
Alexandre Araújo Costa ◽  
Fernando Pinto Ramalho
Keyword(s):  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling

A utilização de fontes alternativas de energias, como a solar, a eólica e a biomassa, vem crescendo significativamente nos últimos anos, sendo a energia solar, em particular, uma fonte abundante na região Nordeste do Brasil. O conhecimento preciso da radiação solar incidente é, assim, de grande importância para o planejamento energético brasileiro, servindo de base para o desenvolvimento de futuros projetos de plantas fotovoltaicas e de aproveitamento da energia solar. Este trabalho apresenta uma metodologia para o mapeamento da energia solar incidente ao nível do solo para a região Nordeste do Brasil, utilizando um modelo atmosférico de mesoescala (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System - RAMS), validado e ajustado por meio dos dados medidos pela rede de plataformas de coleta de dados (PCDs) da Fundação Cearense de Meteorologia e Recursos Hídricos (FUNCEME). Os resultados mostraram que o modelo apresenta erros sistemáticos, sobreestimando a radiação na superfície, porém após as devidas correções estatísticas, utilizando-se uma relação entre a fração de cobertura de nuvens prevista pelo modelo e a radiação observada na superfície e estimada no topo da atmosfera, encontram-se correlações de 0,92 com intervalos de confiança de 13,5 W/m² para dados com base mensal. Usando essa metodologia, a estimativa do valor médio anual (após ajustes) da radiação solar incidente no estado do Ceará é de 215 W/m² (máximo em outubro: 260 W/m²).

scholarly journals CIRA/CSU Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation System

2005 ◽  
Vol 133 (4) ◽  
pp. 829-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
Milija Zupanski ◽  
Dusanka Zupanski ◽  
Tomislava Vukicevic ◽  
Kenneth Eis ◽  
Thomas Vonder Haar
Keyword(s):  
Data Assimilation ◽  
Initial Conditions ◽  
Control Variable ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Variational Data Assimilation ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Data Assimilation System ◽  
Assimilation System

A new four-dimensional variational data assimilation (4DVAR) system is developed at the Cooperative Institute for Research in the Atmosphere (CIRA)/Colorado State University (CSU). The system is also called the Regional Atmospheric Modeling Data Assimilation System (RAMDAS). In its present form, the 4DVAR system is employing the CSU/Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS) nonhydrostatic primitive equation model. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) observation operator is used to access the observations, adopted from the WRF three-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVAR) algorithm. In addition to the initial conditions adjustment, the RAMDAS includes the adjustment of model error (bias) and lateral boundary conditions through an augmented control variable definition. Also, the control variable is defined in terms of the velocity potential and streamfunction instead of the horizontal winds. The RAMDAS is developed after the National Centers for Environmental Prediction (NCEP) Eta 4DVAR system, however with added improvements addressing its use in a research environment. Preliminary results with RAMDAS are presented, focusing on the minimization performance and the impact of vertical correlations in error covariance modeling. A three-dimensional formulation of the background error correlation is introduced and evaluated. The Hessian preconditioning is revisited, and an alternate algebraic formulation is presented. The results indicate a robust minimization performance.

scholarly journals The Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS) – Part 1: Model description and evaluation

2009 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 2843-2861 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. R. Freitas ◽  
K. M. Longo ◽  
M. A. F. Silva Dias ◽  
R. Chatfield ◽  
P. Silva Dias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Remote Sensing ◽  
Carbon Monoxide ◽  
Biomass Burning ◽  
Transport Model ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Tracer Transport ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling System ◽  
Biomass Burning Aerosol ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling

Abstract. We introduce the Coupled Aerosol and Tracer Transport model to the Brazilian developments on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (CATT-BRAMS). CATT-BRAMS is an on-line transport model fully consistent with the simulated atmospheric dynamics. Emission sources from biomass burning and urban-industrial-vehicular activities for trace gases and from biomass burning aerosol particles are obtained from several published datasets and remote sensing information. The tracer and aerosol mass concentration prognostics include the effects of sub-grid scale turbulence in the planetary boundary layer, convective transport by shallow and deep moist convection, wet and dry deposition, and plume rise associated with vegetation fires in addition to the grid scale transport. The radiation parameterization takes into account the interaction between the simulated biomass burning aerosol particles and short and long wave radiation. The atmospheric model BRAMS is based on the Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (RAMS), with several improvements associated with cumulus convection representation, soil moisture initialization and surface scheme tuned for the tropics, among others. In this paper the CATT-BRAMS model is used to simulate carbon monoxide and particulate material (PM2.5) surface fluxes and atmospheric transport during the 2002 LBA field campaigns, conducted during the transition from the dry to wet season in the southwest Amazon Basin. Model evaluation is addressed with comparisons between model results and near surface, radiosondes and airborne measurements performed during the field campaign, as well as remote sensing derived products. We show the matching of emissions strengths to observed carbon monoxide in the LBA campaign. A relatively good comparison to the MOPITT data, in spite of the fact that MOPITT a priori assumptions imply several difficulties, is also obtained.

Can the Deforestation Breeze Change the Rainfall in Amazonia? A Case Study for the BR-163 Highway Region

2010 ◽  
Vol 14 (18) ◽  
pp. 1-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra I. Saad ◽  
Humberto R. da Rocha ◽  
Maria A. F. Silva Dias ◽  
Rafael Rosolem
Keyword(s):  
Boundary Layer ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Thermal Cell ◽  
Soil Wetness ◽  
Soil Dryness ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The authors simulated the effects of Amazonian mesoscale deforestation in the boundary layer and in rainfall with the Brazilian Regional Atmospheric Modeling System (BRAMS) model. They found that both the area and shape (with respect to wind incidence) of deforestation and the soil moisture status contributed to the state of the atmosphere during the time scale of several weeks, with distinguishable patterns of temperature, humidity, and rainfall. Deforestation resulted in the development of a three-dimensional thermal cell, the so-called deforestation breeze, slightly shifted downwind to large-scale circulation. The boundary layer was warmer and drier above 1000-m height and was slightly wetter up to 2000-m height. Soil wetness affected the circulation energetics proportionally to the soil dryness (for soil wetness below ∼0.6). The shape of the deforestation controlled the impact on rainfall. The horizontal strips lined up with the prevailing wind showed a dominant increase in rainfall, significant up to about 60 000 km2. On the other hand, in the patches aligned in the opposite direction (north–south), there was both increase and decrease in precipitation in two distinct regions, as a result of clearly separated upward and downward branches, which caused the precipitation to increase for patches up to 15 000 km2. The authors’ estimates for the size of deforestation impacting the rainfall contributed to fill up the low spatial resolution in other previous studies.

scholarly journals An integrated atmospheric modeling system for the simulation of coupled physical and chemical processes

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonilda Kushta
Keyword(s):  
Cloud Condensation Nuclei ◽  
Atmospheric Modeling ◽  
Radiative Transfer Model ◽  
Explicit Calculation ◽  
Limited Area ◽  
Transfer Model ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Meteorological Modelling ◽  
Physical And Chemical ◽  
Regional Atmospheric Modeling

Τα σωματίδια, είτε φυσικής είτε ανθρωπογενούς προέλευσης, επηρεάζουν την ακτινοβολία απορροφώντας ή/και σκεδάζοντας μέρος της ηλιακής και γήινης ακτινοβολίας. Αυτός ο μηχανισμός είναι γνωστός ως ‘άμεσος’ μηχανισμός αλληλεπίδρασης. Μέσω αυτής της διαδικασίας επηρεάζεται η θερμοδυναμική κατάσταση της ατμόσφαιρας καθώς και η χωροχρονική κατανομή των νεφών και του υετού. Ενας άλλος μηχανισμός αλληλεπίδρασης των σωματιδίων με τις ατμοσφαιρικές διεργασίες, ονομαζόμενος ‘έμμεσος’ μηχανισμός, δημιουργείται όταν τα σωματίδια πληρούν τις προϋποθέσεις να ενεργοποιηθούν ως πυρήνες συμπύκνωσης (cloud condensation nuclei – CCN) ή παγοποίησης (ice nuclei – IN). Μέσω αυτού του μηχανισμού τα σωματίδια τροποποιούν τις οπτικές ιδιότητες των νεφών καθώς και την χωρική και χρονική κατανομή του παραγόμενου υετού. Οι προαναφερθείσες αλλαγές στα θερμοδυναμικά χαρακτηριστικά της ατμόσφαιρας επηρεάζουν, σε ένα πολύπλοκο κύκλο, την κατανομή των σωματιδίων και αερίων ρύπων σε όλες τις φάσεις παραγωγής, μεταφοράς και εναπόθεσής τους. Επιπλέον, οι αλλαγές στην θερμοκρασιακή κατανομή και τις ροές ακτινοβολίας τροποποιούν τους ρυθμούς χημικών αντιδράσεων καθώς και τους φωτοχημικούς συντελεστές. Ως αποτέλεσμα αυτών των επιδράσεων, οι συγκεντρώσεις αερίων ρύπων (όπως του όζοντος) εμφανίζουν διαφορές που εξαρτώνται από μια σειρά παραμέτρων, μετεωρολογικής και χημικής φύσεως. Οι φυσικές και χημικές διεργασίες στην ατμόσφαιρα, ιστορικά, προσομοιώνονται με ξεχωριστά μοντέλα. Με αυτή την προσέγγιση, παρά την υπολογιστικά ελκυστική απόδοσή της, υπάρχουν ασυνέπειες στην περιγραφή των πεδίων (όταν η πληροφορία ανταλλάσσεται από το ένα μοντέλο στο άλλο) καθώς τα μοντέλα αυτά χρησιμοποιούν διαφορετικές χρονικές και χωρικές αναλύσεις και διαφορετικά συστήματα συντεταγμένων. Επιπλέον, η ξεχωριστή ανάλυση των διεργασιών δεν αφήνει χώρο για την -διπλής κατεύθυνσης- ανταλλαγή πληροφορίας (two way interaction) ώστε να μπορούν να περιγραφούν οι αλληλεπιδράσεις μεταξύ τους.Με την ενίσχυση των αποδείξεων πως αυτές οι αλληλεπιδράσεις παίζουν σημαντικό ρόλο σε εφαρμογές ποικίλης χρονικής διακύμανσης (από τοπικές προβλέψεις καιρού έως εφαρμογές κλιματικής αλλαγής), όπως αυτές κατεγράφησαν σε ειδικές εκθέσεις από την Διεθνή Επιτροπή για την Κλιματική Αλλαγή, η επιστημονική κοινότητα επικέντρωσε τις προσπάθειές της στη δημιουργία μοντέλων που συμπεριλαμβάνουν στο μέγιστο δυνατό βαθμό αυτές τις αλληλεπιδράσεις. Η εργασία αυτή είναι μέρος της ‘αλλαγής κατεύθυνσης’ προς την νέα επιστημονική έννοια της ‘Πρόβλεψης Χημικού Καιρού’ όπως ονομάστηκε από ειδικούς του χώρου. Το αντικείμενο αυτής της διατριβής είναι η προσθήκη νέων και η βελτίωση υφιστάμενων μηχανισμών και δυνατοτήτων στο αριθμητικό μοντέλο RAMS όπως αυτό έχει τροποποιηθεί από την Ομάδα Ατμοσφαιρικών Μοντέλων και Πρόγνωσης Καιρού (Ο.Α.Μ.Π.Κ.) του ΕΚΠΑ, με σκοπό να χρησιμοποιηθεί για την μελέτη των αλυσιδωτών αντιδράσεων των μηχανισμών στην ατμόσφαιρα. Το RAMS χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως πυρήνας της ανάπτυξης του ολοκληρωμένου αριθμητικού συστήματος λόγω του αναλυτικού μικροφυσικού σχήματος που περιέχει που δύναται να παίζει σημαντικό ρόλο στην ικανοποιητική προσομοίωση του ατμοσφαιρικού κύκλου του νερού. Oι σχετικές τροποποιήσεις που αφορούν τον άμεσο υπολογισμό (explicit calculation) των πυρήνων συμπύκνωσης και παγοποίησης στην ατμόσφαιρα πραγματοποιήθηκαν στα πλαίσια της προηγηθείσας διδακτορικής διατριβής του κυρίου Σταύρου Σολωμού. Το RAMS είναι ένα μοντέλο με δυνατότητες εμφώλευσης (nesting) που έχει χρησιμοποιηθεί από την Ο.Α.Μ.Π.Κ, καθώς και άλλες διεθνείς ομάδες, και έχει ελεχθεί ως προς την απόδοσή του σε ποικίλα ατμοσφαιρικά φαινόμενα. Το RAMS επεκτάθηκε στα πλαίσια αυτής της διατριβής με σχήματα χημείας αέριας, υγρής και στερεής φάσης και ατμοσφαιρικού κύκλου φυσικών σωματιδίων (σκόνης και αλατιού). Ο υπολογισμός ρυθμών φωτόλυσης, που καθορίζουν σε μεγάλο βαθμό τα επίπεδα ρύπανσης, ενσωματώθηκε στο μοντέλο ώστε να πραγματοποιηθεί άμεσα (online). To νέο σύστημα εμπλουτίστηκε με την ενσωμάτωση ενός νέου σχήματος ακτινοβολίας, το Rapid Radiative Transfer Model (RRTM), που περιέχει μια λεπτομερέστερη κατανομή μήκους κύματος της ακτινοβολίας σε σχέση με το προϋπάρχον σχήμα (Ηarrington, 1997). Η λεπτομερέστερη κατανομή είναι σημαντική για τον ακριβέστερο υπολογισμό των ρυθμών φωτόλυσης. Οι σημαντικότερες βελτιώσεις του μοντέλου που πραγματοποιήθηκαν στα πλαίσια αυτής της διατριβής, οι νέες δυνατότητες, καθώς και οι αλληλεπιδράσεις που λαμβάνονται υπόψη αριθμούνται ως εξής: 1.Ενσωμάτωση του υπολογισμού των φωτολυτικών ρυθμών ο οποίος έγινε απευθείας στο σχήμα ακτινοβολίας και λαμβάνει υπόψη την επίδραση νεφών και ρύπων στο ισοζύγιό της.2.Ενσωμάτωση της αέριας χημείας βασιζόμενη στο σχήμα SAPRC99, της χημείας υγρής και στερεής φάσης και για ανόργανες και για οργανικές ενώσεις.3.Επίδραση των φυσικών (σκόνη, αλάτι) και ανθρωπογενών (sulfates, nitrates) σωματιδίων στη -μικρού και μεγάλου μήκος κύματος- ακτινοβολία. Η επίδραση των υδροφιλικών σωματιδίων (αλάτι) λαμβάνει υπόψη και την υγρασία της ατμόσφαιρας, πέρα του μεγέθους των σωματιδίων που λαμβάνεται υπόψη για όλα τα προαναφερθέντα σωματίδια.4.Ενεργοποίηση των ανθρωπογενών σωματιδίων ως πυρήνες συμπύκνωσης (sulfates) επιπλέον των φυσικών σωματιδίων (σκόνη και αλάτι).5.Χρήση βιογενών εκπομπών από παραμετροποίηση από το μοντέλο (online), συμπεριλαμβανομένης και της δυνατότητας χρήσης διαφόρων θερμοκρασιών στο σχήμα παραμετροποίησης. Η χρήση διαφόρων δεδομένων εκπομπών, χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως ένα εργαλείο ελέγχου της ευαισθησίας του μοντέλου. Ειδικότερα ερευνήθηκε η επίδραση εκπομπών από την πολιτική αεροπορία λόγω της σημαντικής αύξησης αυτής της ανθρωπογενούς δραστηριότητας και της ιδιαιτερότητας των εκπομπών της (εκπομπές κυρίως στην μέση και ανώτερη τροπόσφαιρα).Το μοντέλο ονομάστηκε RAMS/ICLAMS (Regional Atmospheric Modeling System/Ιntegrated Community Limited Area Modeling System) και συμπεριλαμβάνεται επίσημα στην λίστα των state-of-the-art ολοκληρωμένων συστημάτων προσομοίωσης του COST action “Enhancing Meso-scale Meteorological Modelling Capabilities for Air Pollution and Dispersion Applications” (ES1004).Το ολοκληρωμένο σύστημα χρησιμοποιήθηκε ως εργαλείο για την ανάλυση των άμεσων και έμμεσων επιδράσεων των αερολυμάτων. Tο μοντέλο εφαρμόστηκε σε περιπτώσεις αυξημένων συγκεντρώσεων φυσικών και ανθρωπογενών σωματιδίων και μελετήθηκε η επίδρασή τους πάνω στο ισοζύγιο της ακτινοβολίας, την θερμοδυναμική της ατμόσφαιρας, την κατανομή νεφών και υετού, καθώς και τη συνεπαγόμενη επίδραση των θερμοδυναμικών αλλαγών στη κατανομή των σωματιδίων και τις συγκεντρώσεις του όζοντος.

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