The Storage of Antecedent Precipitation and Air Temperature Signals in Soil Temperature over China

2022 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Antecedent Precipitation ◽  
Key Variables ◽  
Atmospheric Changes ◽  
Monthly Variations

Abstract Soil temperature (ST) is one of the key variables in land-atmosphere interactions. The response of ST to atmospheric changes and subsequent influence of ST on atmosphere can be recognized as the processes of signals propagation. Understanding the storing and releasing of atmosphere signals in ST favors the improvement of climate prediction and weather forecast. However the current understanding of the lagging response of ST to atmospheric changes is very insufficient. The analysis based on observation shows that both the storage of air temperature signals in deep ST even after four months and the storage of precipitation signals in shallow ST after one month are widespread phenomena in China. Air temperature signals at 2m can propagate to the soil depths of 160 cm and 320 cm after 1 month and 2 months, respectively. The storage of antecedent air temperature and precipitation signals in ST is slightly weaker and stronger during April to September, respectively, which is related to more precipitation during growing season. The precipitation signals in ST rapidly weaken after 2 months. Moreover, the effects of accumulated precipitation and air temperature on the signal storage in ST have significant monthly variations and vary linearly with soil depth and latitude. The storage of antecedent air temperature or precipitation signals in ST exhibits an obvious decadal variation with a period of more than 50 years, and it may be resulted from the modulation of the global climate patterns which largely affect local air temperature and precipitation.

scholarly journals Non-stationary temporal characterization of the temperature profile of a soil exposed to frost in south-eastern Canada

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 409-416 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Anctil ◽  
A. Pratte ◽  
L. E. Parent ◽  
M. A. Bolinder
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Temperature Profile ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Time Lag ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Temperature Time Series ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Temperature Time

Abstract. The objective of this work was to compare time and frequency fluctuations of air and soil temperatures (2-, 5-, 10-, 20- and 50-cm below the soil surface) using the continuous wavelet transform, with a particular emphasis on the daily cycle. The analysis of wavelet power spectra and cross power spectra provided detailed non-stationary accounts with respect to frequencies (or periods) and to time of the structure of the data and also of the relationships that exist between time series. For this particular application to the temperature profile of a soil exposed to frost, both the air temperature and the 2-cm depth soil temperature time series exhibited a dominant power peak at 1-d periodicity, prominent from spring to autumn. This feature was gradually damped as it propagated deeper into the soil and was weak for the 20-cm depth. Influence of the incoming solar radiation was also revealed in the wavelet power spectra analysis by a weaker intensity of the 1-d peak. The principal divergence between air and soil temperatures, besides damping, occurred in winter from the latent heat release associated to the freezing of the soil water and the insulation effect of snowpack that cease the dependence of the soil temperature to the air temperature. Attenuation and phase-shifting of the 1-d periodicity could be quantified through scale-averaged power spectra and time-lag estimations. Air temperature variance was only partly transferred to the 2-cm soil temperature time series and much less so to the 20-cm soil depth.

scholarly journals Weed seed bank emergence across the Corn Belt

Weed Science ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-76 ◽  
Author(s):  
Frank Forcella ◽  
Robert G. Wilson ◽  
Jack Dekker ◽  
Robert J. Kremer ◽  
John Cardina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Early Spring ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Secondary Dormancy ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Green Foxtail ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Common Purslane

Field experiments, conducted from 1991 to 1994, generated information on weed seedbank emergence for 22 site-years from Ohio to Colorado and Minnesota to Missouri. Early spring seedbank densities were estimated through direct extraction of viable seeds from soil cores. Emerged seedlings were recorded periodically, as were daily values for air and soil temperature, and precipitation. Percentages of weed seedbanks that emerged as seedlings were calculated from seedbank and seedling data for each species, and relationships between seedbank emergence and microclimatic variables were sought. Fifteen species were found in 3 or more site-years. Average emergence percentages (and coefficients of variation) of these species were as follows: giant foxtail, 31.2 (84%); velvetleaf, 28.2 (66); kochia, 25.7 (79); Pennsylvania smartweed, 25.1 (65); common purslane, 15.4 (135); common ragweed, 15.0 (110); green foxtail, 8.5 (72); wild proso millet, 6.6 (104); hairy nightshade, 5.2 (62); common sunflower, 5.0 (26); yellow foxtail, 3.4 (67); pigweed species, 3.3 (103); common lambsquarters, 2.7 (111); wild buckwheat, 2.5 (63), and prostrate knotweed, 0.6 (79). Variation among site-years, for some species, could be attributed to microclimate variables thought to induce secondary dormancy in spring. For example, total seasonal emergence percentage of giant foxtail was related positively to the 1st date at which average daily soil temperature at 5 to 10 cm soil depth reached 16 C. Thus, if soil warmed before mid April, secondary dormancy was induced and few seedlings emerged, whereas many seedlings emerged if soil remained cool until June.

scholarly journals Can temperatures from an online weather forecast service be suitable for modelling growth stages using a CERES-Wheat type phenology model?

2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 684-688
Author(s):  
M. Launspach ◽  
J.A. Taylor ◽  
J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Air Temperature ◽  
Plant Development ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
North East ◽  
Temperature Forecast ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Station Data ◽  
Forecast Data ◽  
Phenology Model

Weather and climate have a fundamental impact on plant development. Monitoring key observables, e.g. temperature and precipitation, is paramount for the interpretation of agricultural experiments and simulation of plant development. Whereas the presence of appropriate sensors in a research environment can be expected, the situation can be different in commercial agricultural settings. Local air temperature from online weather forecasts is investigated as a substitute for local weather station data. Hourly air temperature forecast and station data for several locations in Scotland and North East England are aggregated into daily air temperature values spanning a period of several months. Dates for key growth stages using temperatures from weather stations and weather forecast data are compared. For the examples discussed here the date differences in modelled key growth stages did not exceed 3 days indicating that temperature forecast data is suitable for farm-specific applications.

scholarly journals Long-term dynamics of the atmospheric and soil climate of humid subtropics of Russia

2019 ◽  
pp. 23-30
Author(s):  
O. V. Reshotkin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Quantitative Characteristic ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Soil Climate ◽  
Climatic Normal ◽  
Humid Subtropics

Aim. Identify patterns of temporal changes in the parameters of the atmospheric and soil climates of humid subtropics. Methods. The dynamics of air and soil temperature and precipitation are analyzed in the long-term and seasonal cycles with respect to the climatic normal, which is considered as a quantitative characteristic of the conditions of pedogenesis and climate variability over time. Results. The data on air temperature, precipitation and soil temperature yellow soils, formed in a subtropical wet-forest soil bioclimatic area are analyzed. It is shown that the average annual air temperature in 2001 - 2018 exceeded the climatic normal by 0,7°C, the annual precipitation increased by 104 mm. Modern warming leads to a change in the temperature regime of yellow soils. The average annual soil temperature at the beginning of the XXI century increased from 0,5°С at the depth of 320 cm to 0,9°С at the depth of 20 cm. The sum of active soil temperatures above 10°С at the depth of 20 cm increased by 283°С. Main conclusions. In the modern period, a change in the atmospheric and soil climate towards warming is observed in the zone of distribution of yellow soils of humid subtropics of Russia, accompanied by an increase in precipitation. Warming is most pronounced in the summer season and is practically not observed in the winter season. It is characterized by an increase in air and soil temperature throughout its profile, an increase in the sum of active temperatures. The revealed climate changes make it possible to re-evaluate the soil and agroclimatic resources of the Russian subtropics for agriculture and forestry.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF THE REGIONAL CLIMATE CHANGE ON RUNOFF FROM THE LAKE ONEGO WATERSHED

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 25
Author(s):  
L. E. Nazarova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Water Balance ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Regional Climate ◽  
Hydrological Regime ◽  
Regional Climate Change ◽  
Mean Annual Precipitation ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation

As a result of the statistical analysis of the meteorological and water balance data for Onego Lake watershed over the period 1950-2000, noticeable changes were detected. It was found that time series of annual air temperature, precipitation and evapotranspiration over 50-year period contains positive linear trends, but no change in total streamflow to the lake has so far followed. Potential changes in the regional climate and hydrological regime for the period 2000-2050 were estimated using the results of numerical modeling with the ECHAM4/OPYC3 model for two scenarios of the global climate change. The estimation of these data shows that a general tendency to increase of annual air temperature and precipitation will remain in the new climate Mean annual precipitation will increase about 30-50 mm, mean average annual air temperature for the next 50-years period will rise from 1.6 up to 2.7-3.0 °C. Our estimation shows that for both scenarios all water balance parameters, excluding river runoff, will increase.

scholarly journals Air Temperature and Precipitation at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska; Glacier Growth in a Warmer, Wetter Climate

1990 ◽  
Vol 14 ◽  
pp. 191-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.R. Mayo ◽  
R.S. March
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Climate Models ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Global Climate Models ◽  
Positive Mass ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Warming Climate ◽  
The Common ◽  
Snow Precipitation

Measurements at Wolverine Glacier, Alaska, from 1968 to 1988 indicate unsteady increases of air temperature and precipitation since the early 1970s. These increases were due almost entirely to changes in winter. Variations in annual temperature and precipitation at Wolverine Glacier and at Seward, a nearby climatological station at sea level, correlate positively with global temperature variations and are in general agreement with the changes at high latitudes predicted by five recent general atmospheric circulation models forced by anticipated rises of CO2. A consequence of the air temperature and precipitation increases at Wolverine Glacier was a change to a generally positive mass balance after 1976. Although these observations in the coastal maritime climate of Alaska run against the common, oversimplified notion that in a warming climate glaciers will melt, causing sea level to rise, they are logical and easily understood when the sensitivity of the glacier to the seasonal distribution of the changes is considered. The observed seasonal changes at Wolverine Glacier also are in agreement with global climate models. Snow precipitation and glacier accumulation increased, but at the same time warming affected only these those temperatures below about −5°C, and melting was not altered. The extent of this response is not well known, but the process may be taking place in other important glacierized regions.

scholarly journals Asymmetric Soil Warming under Global Climate Change

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Zhang ◽  
Binhui Liu ◽  
Daowei Zhou ◽  
Zhengfang Wu ◽  
Ting Wang
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Surface Soil ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Average Rate ◽  
Daily Maximum ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Soil Warming ◽  
Surface Soil Temperature ◽  
The Difference

Daily surface soil temperature data from 360 weather stations in China during 1962–2011 were retrieved and analyzed. The data revealed two aspects of asymmetric soil warming. Firstly, there was asymmetry between day and night in terms of increases in soil temperature. The daily maximum surface soil temperature ( S T max ) and daily minimum surface soil temperature ( S T min ) increased at rates of 0.031 and 0.055 °C/year over the 50-year interval, respectively. As a consequence of the more rapid increases in S T min , the soil diurnal temperature range (SDTR) decreased at most stations (average rate of –0.025 °C/year), with the most profound decrease in winter (–0.08 °C/year). The solar duration (SD) was positively related to SDTR and is regarded as the key underlying cause of the decreasing SDTR. Secondly, there was asymmetry between the soil and air in the temperature increase. The differences between soil and air temperature ( T D ) were highest in summer (2.76 °C) and smallest in winter (1.55 °C), which decreased by 0.3 °C over the study interval, this meant agricultural practice plans based on air temperature alone may be severely limited. The difference between soil temperature and air temperature reduces at night. This would facilitate the wintering of perennials in areas near the zero-contour line.

scholarly journals On the issue of fluctuations in the extreme maximum runoff under the conditions of the expected climate change in the Marmarik river basin

2020 ◽  
Vol 149 ◽  
pp. 03010
Author(s):  
Varduhi Margaryan ◽  
Elena Fedotova
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
River Basin ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Atmospheric Precipitation ◽  
Maximum Flow ◽  
Absolute Maximum ◽  
Temperature And Precipitation ◽  
Runoff Rate ◽  
Maximum Runoff

The paper analyzes the peculiarities of formation of the absolute maximum runoff of the Marmarik river evaluates the patterns of multi-year fluctuations of maximum runoff rates in different river sites and gives a forecast of the maximum runoff in the context of global climate change. Absolute values of the maximum river runoff for different scenarios of climate change are estimated. The actual observational data of Armhydromet for maximum runoff rate, the air temperature and precipitation were used as the source material. As a result of the study, it turned out that there is only a tendency to decrease in the values of maximum runoff. It turned out that for all scenarios and cases in the Marmarik river basin, a different degree of changes in the maximum flow is observed. Moreover, the largest decrease in the maximum runoff of the Marmarik river basin is expected under the conditions of an increase in the average air temperature of the spring season by 2,7—3,9 degrees Celsius and a decrease in the amount of spring atmospheric precipitation by 2,4—2,6 %.

scholarly journals Recognition of Changes in Air and Soil Temperatures at a Station Typical of China’s Subtropical Monsoon Region (1961–2018)

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-jin Zhan ◽  
Lingjun Xia ◽  
Longfei Zhan ◽  
Yuanhao Wang
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Terrestrial Ecosystems ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Different Depths ◽  
Change Impact ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Autumn And Winter

Trends in soil temperature are important but rarely reported indicators of climate change. Based on daily air and soil temperatures (depth: 0, 20, 80, and 320 cm) recorded at the Nanchang Weather Station (1961–2018), this study investigated the variation trend, abrupt changes, and years of anomalous annual and seasonal mean air and soil temperatures. The differences and relationships between annual air and soil temperatures were also analyzed. The results showed close correlations between air temperature and soil temperature at different depths. Annual and seasonal mean air and soil temperatures mainly displayed significant trends of increase over the past 58 years, although the rise of the mean air temperature and the mean soil temperature was asymmetric. The rates of increase in air temperature and soil temperature (depth: 0, 20, and 80 cm) were most obvious in spring; the most significant increase in soil temperature at the depth of 320 cm was in summer. Mean soil temperature displayed a decreasing trend with increasing soil depth in both spring and summer. Air temperature was lower than the soil temperature at depths of 0 and 20 cm but higher than the soil temperature at depths of 80 and 320 cm in spring and summer. Mean ground temperature had a rising trend with increasing soil depth in autumn and winter. Air temperature was lower than the soil temperature at all depths in autumn and winter. Years with anomalously low air temperature and soil temperature at depths of 0, 20, 80, and 320 cm were relatively consistent in winter. Years with anomalous air and soil temperatures (depths: 0, 20, and 80 cm) were generally consistent; however, the relationship between air temperature and soil temperature at 320 cm depth was less consistent. The findings provide a basis for understanding and assessing climate change impact on terrestrial ecosystems.

A weighted coefficient model for estimation of Australian daily soil temperature at depths of 5cm to 100cm based on air temperature and rainfall

Soil Research ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian Horton ◽  
Ross Corkrey
Keyword(s):  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Cross Validation ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Mean Square ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Proposed Model ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Weather Stations ◽  
Fold Cross Validation

Soil temperatures are related to air temperature and rainfall on the current day and preceding days, and this can be expressed in a non-linear relationship to provide a weighted value for the effect of air temperature or rainfall based on days lag and soil depth. The weighted minimum and maximum air temperatures and weighted rainfall can then be combined with latitude and a seasonal function to estimate soil temperature at any depth in the range 5–100 cm. The model had a root mean square deviation of 1.21–1.85°C for minimum, average, and maximum soil temperature for all weather stations in Australia (mainland and Tasmania), except for maximum soil temperature at 5 and 10 cm, where the model was less precise (3.39° and 2.52°, respectively). Data for this analysis were obtained from 32–40 Bureau of Meteorology weather stations throughout Australia and the proposed model was validated using 5-fold cross-validation.

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