scholarly journals Effect of High-Resolution Meteorological Forcing on Nearshore Wave and Current Model Performance

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (6) ◽  
pp. 1021-1037 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucy M. Bricheno ◽  
Albert Soret ◽  
Judith Wolf ◽  
Oriol Jorba ◽  
Jose Maria Baldasano
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Coastal Zone ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Storm Event ◽  
Wave Direction ◽  
Meteorological Forcing ◽  
The Irish Sea

Abstract Accurate representation of wind forcing and mean sea level pressure is important for modeling waves and surges. This is especially important for complex coastal zone areas. The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model has been run at 12-, 4-, and 1.33-km resolution for a storm event over the Irish Sea. The outputs were used to force the coupled hydrodynamic and the Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modeling System (POLCOMS)–Wave Model (WAM) and the effect on storm surge and waves has been assessed. An improvement was observed in the WRF model pressure and wind speed when moving from 12- to 4-km resolution with errors in wind speed decreasing more than 10% on average. When moving from 4 to 1.33 km no further significant improvement was observed. The atmospheric model results at 12 and 4 km were then applied to the ocean model. Wave direction was seen to improve with increased ocean model resolution, and higher-resolution forcing was found to generally increase the wave height over the Irish Sea by up to 40 cm in places. Improved clustering of wave direction was observed when 4-km meteorological forcing was used. Large differences were seen in the coastal zone because of the improved representation of the coastline and, in turn, the atmospheric boundary layer. The combination of high-resolution atmospheric forcing and a coupled wave–surge model gave the best result.

scholarly journals Modelling temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: sensitivity to model type and surface forcing

Ocean Science ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 903-913 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. K. O'Neill ◽  
J. A. Polton ◽  
J. T. Holt ◽  
E. J. O'Dea
Keyword(s):  
Surface Temperature ◽  
Salinity Gradient ◽  
Ocean Model ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
Surface Salinity ◽  
Diurnal Variability ◽  
Liverpool Bay ◽  
Skill Scores ◽  
Shelf Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea

Abstract. Three shelf sea models are compared against observed surface temperature and salinity in Liverpool Bay and the Irish Sea: a 7 km NEMO (Nucleus for European Modelling of the Ocean) model, and 12 km and 1.8 km POLCOMS (Proudman Oceanographic Laboratory Coastal Ocean Modelling System) models. Each model is run with two different surface forcing datasets of different resolutions. Comparisons with a variety of observations from the Liverpool Bay Coastal Observatory show that increasing the surface forcing resolution improves the modelled surface temperature in all the models, in particular reducing the summer warm bias and winter cool bias. The response of surface salinity is more varied with improvements in some areas and deterioration in others. The 7 km NEMO model performs as well as the 1.8 km POLCOMS model when measured by overall skill scores, although the sources of error in the models are different. NEMO is too weakly stratified in Liverpool Bay, whereas POLCOMS is too strongly stratified. The horizontal salinity gradient, which is too strong in POLCOMS, is better reproduced by NEMO which uses a more diffusive horizontal advection scheme. This leads to improved semi-diurnal variability in salinity in NEMO at a mooring site located in the Liverpool Bay ROFI (region of freshwater influence) area.

scholarly journals URBAN MICRO CLIMATE MODELLING USING DIFFERENT URBAN PHYISCS SCHEMES AND HIGH RESOLUTION LULC WITH WRF MODEL

2018 ◽  
Vol XLII-5 ◽  
pp. 491-498 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Bhavana ◽  
K. Gupta ◽  
P. K. Pal
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Wrf Model ◽  
Urban Canopy ◽  
Building Energy ◽  
Urban Morphology ◽  
Urban Land Use ◽  
Single Class ◽  
Ground Observation

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Urban areas are treated as a single entity by mesoscale urban canopy models (UCM) for assessing the influence of urban morphology on climate. Weather Research and Forecasting Model (WRF) coupled with UCM along with urban physics options to describe the urban features such as Single Layer Urban Canopy Model (SLUCM), Building Energy Parameterization (BEP) and Building Energy Model (BEM) which enumerates the influence of urban features on the local scale other than the bulk parameterization (no urban physics option), which is generally used in most of the operational forecasting models. Besides, WRF model also enables to integrate multi-class Urban Land Use Land Cover (LULC) whereas most of the globally available LULC depict urban area as single urban built-up class. This study aims to analyze performance of high resolution urban LULC and urban physics options for Chandigarh area by downscaling climatic variables up to 1km and its validation with the ground observation data. The inner domain (1<span class="thinspace"></span>km resolution) was configured with default LULC for one set of simulations and multi-class urban LULC for other set of simulations. All the simulations were carried out for 3 days (August 19&amp;ndash;21, 2017) due to computational restrictions by employing all the four urban physics options. It has been found that multi-class urban LULC yielded better results than single class urban built –up simulation when validated with respect to ground observation. The RMSE values for multi-class urban LULC provided less RMSE than single class urban LULC, those are in terms of temperature at 2<span class="thinspace"></span>m, relative humidity and wind speed are 0.91<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;deg;C, 2.63% and 1.82<span class="thinspace"></span>m/s respectively. Similarly, BEP+BEM urban physics option provided reduced RMSE values than the SLUCM and BEP scheme. The RMSE values in terms of temperature at 2<span class="thinspace"></span>m, relative humidity and wind speed are 1.11<span class="thinspace"></span>&amp;deg;C, 4.39% and 2.62<span class="thinspace"></span>m/s respectively.</p>

The medieval cultures of the Irish sea and the North Sea: Manannan and his neighbors [Book Review]

2019 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
pp. 142-144
Author(s):  
John Kennedy
Keyword(s):  
North Sea ◽  
Irish Sea ◽  
The North ◽  
The North Sea ◽  
The Irish Sea

Review(s) of: The medieval cultures of the Irish sea and the North Sea: Manannan and his neighbors, by MacQuarrie, Charles W., and Nagy, Joseph Falaky Nagy (eds), (Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2019) hardcover, 212 pages, 1 map, 4 figures, RRP euro99; ISBN 9789462989399.

scholarly journals Morphological abnormality in thornback ray Raja clavata in the Irish Sea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. J. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Irish Sea ◽  
Beam Trawl ◽  
Morphological Abnormality ◽  
Free Swimming ◽  
Pectoral Fins ◽  
North Wales ◽  
Head Section ◽  
Thornback Ray ◽  
Raja Clavata ◽  
The Irish Sea

AbstractA free-swimming thornback ray Raja clavata specimen demonstrating significant morphological abnormality is reported, captured by beam trawl in the Irish Sea off north Wales, UK. The anterior sections of both pectoral fins were separated from the head section for a length of approximately 140 mm extending from the rostrum tip to a point posterior of the spiracles, along with abnormal morphology of the gill slits. This phenomenon has been observed elsewhere but is the first documented example of this abnormality in the eastern Irish Sea, despite widespread targeting of the species across the region by commercial and recreational fishers. Possible causes and consequences of the observed abnormality are discussed.

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