Labor of Love: Amateurs and Lay-expertise Legitimation in the Early U.S. Radio Field

2017 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grégoire Croidieu ◽  
Phillip H. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Historical Texts ◽  
Social Contributions ◽  
Jurisdictional Control ◽  
Collective Competence ◽  
Expertise Recognition

Many actors claim to be experts of specialized knowledge, but for this expertise to be perceived as legitimate, other actors in the field must recognize them as authorities. Using an automated topic-model analysis of historical texts associated with the U.S. amateur radio operator movement between 1899 and 1927, we propose a process model for lay-expertise legitimation as an alternative to professionalization. While the professionalization account depends on specialized work, credentialing, and restrictive jurisdictional control by powerful field actors, our model emphasizes four mechanisms leading to lay-expert recognition: building an advanced collective competence, operating in an unrestricted public space, providing transformational social contributions, and expanding an original collective role identity. Our analysis shows how field expertise can be achieved outside of professional spaces by non-professionalized actors who master activities as a labor of love. Our work also reveals that lay-expertise recognition depends on the interplay between collective identities and collective competence among non-professional actors, and it addresses the shifting power dynamics when professional and non-professional actors coexist and strive for expertise recognition.

Healing the Civic Body: Darren O’Donnell’s Social Acupuncture

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Wray
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Diving Reflex ◽  
Social Sphere ◽  
Political Perspective ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Media ◽  
To Come ◽  
Artistic Director ◽  
The Relationship

Darren O’Donnell (b. 1965) is a writer, director, actor, playwright, and designer, and the artistic director of the highly decorated Mammalian Diving Reflex. My study is focused on his work in social acupuncture, outlined in his Social Acupuncture: A guide to suicide, performance, and utopia (2006). Social acupuncture is a style of theatre/performance art that “blurs the line between art and life,”impelling people to come together in unusual ways and tap into the power of the social sphere. With social acupuncture, O’Donnell and Mammalian Diving Reflex are striving to create an aesthetic of civic engagement: an avenue through which social edifices like public space, schools, and the media can be used as the armature for the mounting of work that “takes modest glances at simple power dynamics and, for a moment, provides a glimpse of other possibilities.” Mammalian Diving Reflex began their exploration of the form in the summer of 2003 with The Talking Creature, and since then have devised and performed almost two‐ dozen similar “needles” worldwide.Social acupuncture warrants examination not only from a socio‐ political perspective, but through a theatrical lens, as well. It probes the relationship between audience and performer, raises questions about theatre’s ability to keep up with other media in the digital age, and offers tremendous insight into the potential for positive, fruitful intersections between art and civil society.  My project will include theoretical examination of O’Donnell’s work, as well as practical exploration of the form’s potential.

scholarly journals FROM CHASTITY BELTS TO SMART FROCKS: THE PROMISE OF RAPE DETERRENT TECHNOLOGY

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alex Louise Bevan ◽  
Caroline Wilson Barnao ◽  
Robyn Lincoln
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
The Body ◽  
Digital Culture ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Corporate Brand ◽  
Digital Devices ◽  
Brand Recognition ◽  
Social Cause

In 2018, Schweppes partnered with Ogilvy Brazil to design a smart dress that used touch-sensors to illustrate how women are groped in nightclubs (Dickson 2018). The dress is a strong example of a host of digital devices that mobilise smart technology to legitimate women’s testimony of sexual assault in public space. It also belongs to a growing category of technology closely attached to the body and designed to either protect it from harm or lend credence to previously silenced publics. Devices like the Ogilvy dress draw attention to the marginalisation of victims’ voices; it owes its existence to institutions of power refusing to listen to women’s testimony. However, the devices also reinscribe the same silencing dynamic by positioning themselves as necessary and more “reliable” evidence of women’s experience than their verbal statements. These devices are sorely undertheorized as potential erosions of the legitimacy of individual testimony and experience that are part of digital culture more broadly speaking (Couldry 2010). The devices are also problematically framed as “solutions” to broader and contextually-sensitive social issues in ways that reify their power dynamics. These devices materialise a relationship among the wearer, bodily threat, and the corporate brand selling the device as a means to further brand recognition and to cohere associations among the brand, a social cause and, perhaps most enticingly, its solution.

scholarly journals Christmas in the Room: Gender, Conflict, and Compromise in Multi-Religious Domestic Space

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 281
Author(s):  
Samira K. Mehta
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Domestic Space ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Interfaith Marriage ◽  
Gender Conflict ◽  
Civic Spaces ◽  
The Family ◽  
Unique Site ◽  
Scholarly Attention

Interfaith relationships offer particular potential for creating religious coexistence; they also play out very differently in domestic space than in public and civic spaces, with the result that interfaith marriage becomes an important, yet unique, site of religious cooperation, co-existence, and conflict. The article argues that examinations of interfaith families must take three factors into account, each of which involves careful attention to the particular power dynamics of the family in question. First, scholars must think about the broader context in which the interfaith family has come to exist. Second, scholars must consider that the emotional and power dynamics of domestic space often have little in common with the compromises and power dynamics of public space. Lastly, while gender is not generally a key category of analysis for thinking about interfaith encounters in public space, gender, both as it shapes power dynamics and as it drives assumptions about childrearing and domestic labor, shapes interfaith family life and requires attendant scholarly attention.

scholarly journals Latent Feature Word Representations to Enhance Topic Models for Text Mining Algorithms

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 4816-4821
Keyword(s):  
Text Mining ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Latent Dirichlet Allocation ◽  
Topic Model ◽  
Document Clustering ◽  
Topic Models ◽  
Mining Operations ◽  
Document Collections ◽  
Generative Process ◽  
Document Collection

Dealing with large number of textual documents needs proven models that leverage the efficiency in processing. Text mining needs such models to have meaningful approaches to extract latent features from document collection. Latent Dirichlet allocation (LDA) is one such probabilistic generative process model that helps in representing document collections in a systematic approach. In many text mining applications LDA is useful as it supports many models. One such model is known as Topic Model. However, topic models LDA needs to be improved in order to exploit latent feature vector representations of words trained on large corpora to improve word-topic mapping learnt on smaller corpus. With respect to document clustering and document classification, it is essential to have a novel topic models to improve performance. In this paper, an improved topic model is proposed and implemented using LDA which exploits the benefits of Word2Vec tool to have pre-trained word vectors so as to achieve the desired enhancement. A prototype application is built to demonstrate the proof of the concept with text mining operations like document clustering.

To Repair, or to Burn It Down?

2020 ◽  
pp. 158-164
Author(s):  
Andrea Wenzel
Keyword(s):  
Design Process ◽  
Participatory Design ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Information Needs ◽  
Power Dynamics ◽  
Communication Infrastructure ◽  
Local Journalism ◽  
Communication Infrastructure Theory ◽  
Key Questions

The concluding chapter summarizes the argument for a community-centered process model that uses communication infrastructure theory to assess local storytelling networks and design interventions that aim to strengthen them. It reviews key questions about how local journalism can share power with and offer more wholistic narratives of stigmatized communities—and how this will require journalists to challenge some norms and practices. The chapter maps out steps in a process, including assessing information needs, convening a participatory design process, and piloting, monitoring, and evaluating interventions. It reflects on how intervention may work to address barriers to trust including perceived negative/inaccurate coverage, polarization, and objectivity norms that create distance between journalists and communities. Finally, it reviews how outcomes of this process will vary depending on local place and power dynamics, and how these cases add to communication infrastructure theory by illustrating how trust operates in local storytelling networks.

From Individual Contributor to Leader: A Role Identity Shift Framework for Leader Development Within Innovative Organizations

2015 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 1426-1452 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd J. Maurer ◽  
Manuel London
Keyword(s):  
Identity Development ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Leader Development ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Organizational Policies ◽  
Identity Shift ◽  
Leader Identity ◽  
Development Literature ◽  
Leader Role

This paper contributes to the leadership identity development literature by examining role identity shift from individual contributor to leader in organizations that expect and reward innovation. The challenge for new leaders is to shift their role identity from innovative individual contributor to leader and for the organization to provide the support and reward structures to develop leaders of innovation. Degrees of role identity shift range from incremental shift (remaining an individual contributor through technical updating and employee development) through substantial shift (adding elements of leadership to one’s role and identity) to radical shift (complete transformation into becoming a leader in behavior and identity). As part of this approach, we apply the idea of creative destruction to leader development and, consistent with identity literature, argue that the idea of identity destruction is sometimes a legitimate part of leader development. In a process model, we predict the degree of leader role identity shift depends on, and is influenced by, organizational policies and resources. Also, we illustrate how some efforts by organizations to enhance technical innovation and individual development may have the effect of inhibiting leader identity development.

Process \'prǎ|,ses\n: The Action of Moving Forward Progressively from One Point to Another on the Way to Completion

1979 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol A. Pruning
Keyword(s):  
Process Model ◽  
Communicative Behaviors ◽  
Adult Level ◽  
Remedial Programs ◽  
Stage Process ◽  
The Way

A rationale for the application of a stage process model for the language-disordered child is presented. The major behaviors of the communicative system (pragmatic-semantic-syntactic-phonological) are summarized and organized in stages from pre-linguistic to the adult level. The article provides clinicians with guidelines, based on complexity, for the content and sequencing of communicative behaviors to be used in planning remedial programs.

Centralization and Effectiveness of Reward Management in Multinational Enterprises

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 55-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Tekieli ◽  
Marion Festing ◽  
Xavier Baeten
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Role Identity ◽  
Management Decision ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Management Decision Making ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Subsidiary Managers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Based on responses from 158 reward managers located at the headquarters or subsidiaries of multinational enterprises, the present study examines the relationship between the centralization of reward management decision making and its perceived effectiveness in multinational enterprises. Our results show that headquarters managers perceive a centralized approach as being more effective, while for subsidiary managers this relationship is moderated by the manager’s role identity. Referring to social identity theory, the present study enriches the standardization versus localization debate through a new perspective focusing on psychological processes, thereby indicating the importance of in-group favoritism in headquarters and the influence of subsidiary managers’ role identities on reward management decision making.

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