Philanthropic Foundations in Cross-National Perspective: A Comparative Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 1591-1602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helmut K. Anheier
Keyword(s):  
Historical Development ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Institutional Characteristics ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Philanthropic Foundations ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Cross National

Comparative studies on philanthropic foundations are still in their infancy. To advance the comparative understanding, the article proposes to use two countries—the United States and Germany—as comparative cases against which to assess the main contours of foundations in other countries. Both countries have large foundations communities; yet both are rather distinct in terms of their historical development as well as in terms of their institutional characteristics, patterns, and activities. Looking at the positioning, roles, advantages, and disadvantages of foundations, the article offers a framework for their comparative study using the varieties of capitalism, welfare regimes, and the social origins classifications.

The Experience of Labor in the Age of Reform

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Huf
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Welfare Reform ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Class Politics ◽  
The Social ◽  
Consumer Citizenship ◽  
Social Security Act ◽  
Depression Era ◽  
Insight Into

Over the past two decades, labor historians in America and Australia have deployed a range of new analytic tools to challenge older, essentialist interpretations of working-class politics in each country (rendering them anomalous compared to their European forebears) and better evaluate workers’ thoughts and actions on their “own terms.” This chapter continues this process of revision. It compares workers’ responses to major pieces of welfare reform in each country during the Depression era, not to assess them as agents of social change but for insight into their self-understanding as political subjects. Specifically, reactions to the contributory principle that underpinned both the Social Security Act in the United States and the National Insurance Act in Australia highlights the ways in which workers’ negotiation of institutional change might affirm or alter political self-understandings. American workers’ acceptance of the contributory principle accompanied the construction of a newfound “self-governance” and “consumer citizenship” among white, working men, whereas Australian workers’ hostility to the principle was couched in a pre-existing sense of “independence” and “self-reliance” undergirded by existing social and wage policies. A comparative approach thus stresses the historicity and contingency of working-class subjectivities even in two countries much alike for their “liberal hegemony” and helps open up the possibility of rethinking institutional forms and their relations with constituting new subjectivities in late-capitalist societies.

Applied Comparative Law: Researching Foreign Law in an Imperfect World

2002 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 232-243 ◽  
Author(s):  
David S. Clark
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
International Law ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
English Language ◽  
The United States ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Foreign Law ◽  
The Social ◽  
International Legal System ◽  
Anglo American

I admit that I am an addict, a compulsive user of libraries and especially law libraries. As a comparative lawyer I need to investigate foreign law, which for me is the law of jurisdictions outside the United States. Since I believe the social and cultural context in which law operates is important to its understanding, I must leave the relative comfort of United States libraries and venture abroad to learn about the features of legal systems not adequately described in books. Beyond common law countries, as the IALL 20th Annual Course illustrates, the language of law is something other than English: yet another hill to climb to understand foreign law. For most of you, United States law is foreign law, which is the other side of the same issue. In addition, public international law lawyers could benefit from the comparative approach. This is particularly true for those from the Anglo-American world who rely almost exclusively on English language materials in their research. This narrow perspective undercuts the fundamental premise of universality behind a truly international legal system.

Schooling in the Course of Human Lives: The Social Context of Education and the Transition to Adulthood in Industrial Society

1993 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron M. Pallas
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
The United States ◽  
Institutional Arrangements ◽  
Industrial Society ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Cross National

This review examines the role of schooling in the life course of individuals, focusing on the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood. First, I examine conceptual issues in the study of schooling and the life course, drawing heavily on the sociological literature. I then consider the timing and sequencing of schooling in the transition to adulthood in the United States, and the consequences of variations in the timing and sequencing of schooling for adult social and economic success. I then discuss the role of social structure, norms, and institutional arrangements in the transition to adulthood, with special attention to cross-national comparisons with the U. S. and historical changes within countries. I conclude with speculations regarding trends in the role of schooling in the life course, and some directions for future research on this topic.

scholarly journals Social Ecological Model of Problem Gambling: A Cross-National Survey Study of Young People in the United States, South Korea, Spain, and Finland

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atte Oksanen ◽  
Anu Sirola ◽  
Iina Savolainen ◽  
Aki Koivula ◽  
Markus Kaakinen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Young People ◽  
Problem Gambling ◽  
Ecological Model ◽  
The United States ◽  
Social Ecological Model ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Social Ecological ◽  
The Social ◽  
Cross National

Problem gambling among young people is an emerging trend globally. The online environment in particular offers various possibilities for gambling engagement. This is the first cross-national survey study using the social ecological model to analyze problem gambling, especially in the online context. The aim was to analyze how different social ecological spheres explain problem gambling. Participants were young people aged 15–25 in the United States (n = 1,212), South Korea (n = 1,192), Spain (n = 1,212), and Finland (n = 1,200). The South Oaks Gambling Screen (SOGS) instrument was used as a measure for problem gambling. Regression models predicted problem gambling with measures of intrapersonal, interpersonal, organizational, and societal spheres. Spanish participants had the highest SOGS score for problem gambling. Out of the spheres, organizational-sphere measures best explained the variation in problem gambling in all countries (26%) when compared to the societal (3%), interpersonal (5%) and intrapersonal (11%) spheres. In the full model, organizational-sphere measures had strong associations with problem gambling. These included consumer debt, online gambling community participation, online casino participation, and exposure to online pop-up advertisements. Other robust predictors of problem gambling included conformity to group norms in the interpersonal sphere and male gender and impulsivity in the intrapersonal sphere. Cross-national results were similar in different countries. The online context plays a major role in problem gambling behavior. The social ecological model is a useful tool by which to tackle problem gambling and develop preventative measures.

scholarly journals The composition of grandparent childcare: gendered patterns in cross-national perspective

2018 ◽  
pp. 151-170
Author(s):  
Lyn Craig ◽  
Myra Hamilton ◽  
Judith E. Brown
Keyword(s):  
Family Policy ◽  
Welfare Regimes ◽  
Policy Regimes ◽  
Employment Patterns ◽  
Childcare Time ◽  
Similarities And Differences ◽  
Gendered Patterns ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Time Use Surveys ◽  
Cross National

Grandparents are important providers of childcare while their adult children participate in work and other activities. The literature suggests that grandmothers are more likely than grandfathers to provide care for their grandchildren, and that the prevalence and intensity of grandparent childcare provision varies by country. But research is lacking on the composition of grandparent childcare time, and whether this varies across countries. What patterns do we see in the gendered distribution of childcare tasks among grandparents? To what extent does this vary across countries with different employment patterns, family policy regimes and norms of familial obligation? Using Time Use Surveys of Australia, Korea, Italy and France this chapter will explore how grandparents are spending their time with grandchildren. It reveals cross-national similarities and differences in the gendered distribution and relative composition of care and discusses the implications for grandmothers and grandfathers in the four different welfare regimes.

Toward a Comparative Understanding of Foundations

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (13) ◽  
pp. 1956-1971 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefan Toepler
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
The United States ◽  
Organizational Form ◽  
The State ◽  
Philanthropic Foundations ◽  
Significant Growth ◽  
The Past ◽  
The World ◽  
Cross National

Reviewing information on philanthropic foundations in the United States, Germany, and 10 other countries, this article presents an overview assessment of the major similarities and difficulties involved in cross-national comparisons of this particular organizational form. Over the past two or three decades, foundations have experienced significant growth in many parts of the world, spurred by enabling policies devised by policymakers eager to generate private resources for public purposes. This article comparatively discusses relationships between foundations and other sectors, including the state; the purposes, approaches, and roles foundations pursue; and what makes these institutions distinctive. It concludes with some policy considerations.

The social legitimacy of basic income: a multidimensional and cross-national perspective. An introduction to the special issue

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 217-222
Author(s):  
Joe Chrisp ◽  
Tijs Laenen ◽  
Wim van Oorschot
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Public Support ◽  
Heterogeneous Data ◽  
Basic Income ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Social Legitimacy ◽  
The Social ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Cross National

AbstractIn this special issue, authors present and discuss the findings of a series of recent national and EU cross-national empirical studies on public support for basic income. As such, the special issue offers new and innovative insights on such support and its individual and contextual drivers. The articles employ heterogeneous data and methods and therefore, as a whole, navigate the multi-dimensional nature of (opinions on) basic income. Three of the contributions use unique survey data to study the levels of support for basic income among various European populations and the complex ideological and social divides that explain such support. The other two contributions use qualitative data, from democratic fora, focus groups and in-depth interviews, to explore how citizens interpret basic income and what types of arguments they use in favour or against the implementation of the policy.

scholarly journals Gender and Online Politics: Digital Media as Friend and Foe in Times of Change

2019 ◽  
pp. 089443931986551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shelley Boulianne ◽  
Karolina Koc-Michalska ◽  
Thierry Vedel
Keyword(s):  
Social Change ◽  
Digital Media ◽  
The United States ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative ◽  
The United Kingdom ◽  
Online Politics ◽  
Quantitative Analyses ◽  
National Perspective ◽  
Cross National

This volume highlights gender issues related to using digital media for online politics. The submissions offer a balanced perspective about the role of digital media; this tool can be used for social change or to limit social change. The submissions use qualitative and quantitative analyses of digital trace data and survey data to present a rich perspective on gender and online politics. The collection offers a cross-national perspective including research on China, Germany, Norway, Spain, the United States, and the United Kingdom.

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