Characteristics of Colorectal Cancer among Asian Americans

2010 ◽  
Vol 76 (10) ◽  
pp. 1154-1157
Author(s):  
Matthew Y.C. Lin ◽  
Wendy Y. Liu ◽  
Armen Aboulian ◽  
Jason B. Huntley ◽  
David A. Etzioni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Patient Population ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Tertiary Hospital ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Crc Screening

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is third in mortality rate amongst Asian Americans. However, CRC characteristics in this patient population have been poorly defined. A retrospective review at an urban tertiary hospital located in an underserved region was performed to determine CRC characteristics for Asian Americans in comparison to other races. Four hundred fourteen patients were represented by Hispanics (n = 161), African Americans (n = 101), Asians (n = 83), and Whites (n = 69). The majority of Asian American patients (n = 70,84%) presented with a left-sided lesion. This proportion was higher than that seen in African Americans (59%, P < 0.0003), Hispanics (66%, P < 0.0033), and Whites (63%, P < 0.0036). Thirty-six Asian American patients presented with Stage III disease which was the most frequent presenting stage for this patient population and also statistically higher than all the other races. Furthermore, Asian Americans in this study still presented predominantly with left-sided lesions and in a more advanced stage. These findings suggest a potential benefit of initially offering flexible sigmoidoscopy given the decreased compliance among Asian Americans to obtain routine CRC screening. Ultimately, this modality may be more acceptable, leading to higher compliance for CRC screening in Asian Americans without likely degradation in cancer detection rates.

scholarly journals Comparative Effectiveness of Fecal Immunochemical Tests versus Flexible Sigmoidoscopy for Colorectal Cancer Screening: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hemant Mutneja ◽  
Rohit Agrawal ◽  
Abhishek Bhurwal ◽  
Shilpa Arora ◽  
Andrew Go ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Neoplasia

Background and Aims: Fecal immunochemical tests (FITs) and flexible sigmoidoscopies are commonly used modalities for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis to compare the effectiveness of FIT and sigmoidoscopy in CRC screening. Methods: PRISMA statement and Cochrane guidelines were followed for this review. Digital dissertation databases were searched from inception till December 1st 2020 and randomized clinical trials comparing the detection rates of CRC for FIT and sigmoidoscopy were included. Outcomes for analysis included participation rates and detection rates of CRC, advanced adenomas and advanced colorectal neoplasia for both screening modalities. Results: Five randomized clinical trials with a total of 261,755 patients were included for the analysis. The participation rate for FIT was significantly higher compared to flexible sigmoidoscopy (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.29-3.44, p=0.003). In intention-to-screen analysis, the detection rate for advanced colorectal neoplasia was significantly lower with FIT (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.84, p=0.002) as compared to flexible sigmoidoscopy but not statistically different for CRC (OR 1.15, 95% CI 0.65-2.02, p=0.63). Conclusion: Despite lower participation amongst patients, CRC screening with flexible sigmoidoscopy leads to higher detection of advanced colorectal neoplasia, when compared to a single round of fecal immunochemical testing.

Strength in Numbers: Perceptions of Political Commonality with African Americans among Asians and Asian Americans in the United States

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-122
Author(s):  
Harvey L. Nicholson ◽  
J. Scott Carter ◽  
Arjee Restar
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
African Americans ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Minority Group ◽  
The United States ◽  
Group Consciousness ◽  
Relational Dynamics ◽  
Linked Fate ◽  
Political Alliances

Asians are now the fastest growing racial minority group in the United States. Nearly 18 million Asians and Asian Americans currently reside in the country. Approximately 44 million African Americans also live in the United States. To improve their limited social, economic, and political clout, Asians and Asian Americans in the United States (AAAUS) could benefit from the formation of mutually beneficial political alliances with African Americans, another historically marginalized racial group. However, complicated relational dynamics between African Americans and AAAUS may drastically reduce the chances of political unity. Using the 2008 National Asian American Survey, the authors examine the effects of three factors—group consciousness, linked fate, and experiences of discrimination—on perceptions of political commonality with African Americans among AAAUS. The findings show that group consciousness and linked fate positively and strongly increase the odds of perceptions of political commonality with African Americans; however, experiences of discrimination do not. The results suggest that the cultivation of mutually beneficial political alliances between African Americans and AAAUS would first require AAAUS to develop a heightened sense of group consciousness and linked fate. The potential impact of these factors on future political alliances between both groups are discussed, as are the limitations of this study.

scholarly journals Analysis of A 6-Mirna Signature in Serum from Colorectal Cancer Screening Participants as Non-Invasive Biomarkers for Advanced Adenoma and Colorectal Cancer Detection

Cancers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1542 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Marcuello ◽  
Saray Duran-Sanchon ◽  
Lorena Moreno ◽  
Juan José Lozano ◽  
Luis Bujanda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Diagnostic Performance ◽  
Colorectal Neoplasia ◽  
Precancerous Lesion ◽  
Advanced Adenoma ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Mirna Signature ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Non Invasive

Early detection of colorectal cancer (CRC) and its precancerous lesion, advanced adenomas (AA), is critical to improve CRC incidence and prognosis. Circulating microRNAs (miRNAs or miR) are promising non-invasive biomarkers for cancer detection. Our previous results showed that a plasma 6-miRNA signature (miR-15b-5p, miR-18a-5p, miR-29a-3p, miR-335-5p, miR-19a-3p and miR-19b-3p) could distinguish between CRC or AA and healthy individuals (controls). However, its diagnostic performance in serum is unknown. In this exploratory study we aim to evaluate the diagnostic performance of the 6-miRNA signature in serum samples in a cohort of individuals participating in Barcelona’s CRC Screening Programme. We prospectively collected serums from 264 faecal immunochemical test (FIT)-positive participants and total RNA was extracted. Finally, 213 individuals (CRC, 59, AA, 74, controls, 80) were included. MiRNA expression was quantified by real-time RT-qPCR and data analysis was performed by logistic regression. Faecal hemoglobin concentration (f(Hb)) from FIT of the same individuals was also considered. As previously described in plasma, serum from patients with AA or CRC presented significant differences in the 6-miRNA signature compared to controls. Moreover, when combined with f(Hb), the final signature showed high discriminative capacity to distinguish CRC from controls (area under the curve (AUC) = 0.88), and even AA (AUC = 0.81) that otherwise are poorly detected if we only consider f(Hb) (AUC = 0.64). Addition of the serum 6-miRNA signature to quantitative f(Hb) show high accuracy to detect patients with advanced colorectal neoplasia in average-risk individuals. A combination of these two non-invasive methods could be a good strategy to improve diagnostic performances of current CRC screening programmes.

Asian Americans and Redistricting: Empowering Through Electoral Boundaries

2010 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-108
Author(s):  
Paul Ong ◽  
Albert Lee
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Spatial Patterns ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
Historical Context ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Unique Challenge ◽  
Background History ◽  
The Creation

This article examines the background, history, and outcomes of Asian American engagement in political redistricting. It provides a historical context through an overview of the efforts by African Americans and Latinos, which established a foundation for Asian Americans. Through an analysis of demographic and spatial patterns, the paper argues that Asian Americans face a unique challenge and consequently have had to rely on utilizing a strategy based on the concept of “Community of Common Interest” to defend the integrity of Asian American neighborhoods from being fragmented by redistricting. Although it is difficult to construct Asian-majority districts, the creation of Asian-influence districts has contributed to an increase in the numbers of elected Asian American officials.

Re-reading Vincent Chin

2016 ◽  
pp. 126-158
Author(s):  
Scott Kurashige
Keyword(s):  
African Americans ◽  
Asian Americans ◽  
Asian American ◽  
White Men ◽  
Chinese American ◽  
Political Organizing ◽  
Detroit Area ◽  
New Look

This chapter provides a new look at the Vincent Chin case. Chin was a young Chinese American from the Detroit area whose beating death at the hands of two white men in 1982, and the light sentences they received at trial, sparked widespread outrage among Asian Americans and helped catalyze Asian American political organizing. The chapter urges scholars and researchers to beyond the received ideas in the established narrative about Chin's murder and to understand how the particular spatial, gender, and class dynamics of Detroit influenced the case. The chapter also specifically details the important involvement of African Americans in the case.

How Effective is Population-Based Cancer Screening? Regression Discontinuity Estimates from the US Guideline Screening Initiation Ages

2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-139 ◽  
Author(s):  
Srikanth Kadiyala ◽  
Erin Strumpf
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Cancer Detection ◽  
Regression Discontinuity ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Asymptomatic Case ◽  
The Cost

Abstract We estimate the marginal benefits of population-based cancer screening by comparing cancer test and detection rates on either side of US guideline-recommended initiation ages (age 40 for breast cancer and age 50 for colorectal cancer during the study period). Using a regression discontinuity design and self-reported test data from national health surveys, we find test rates for breast and colorectal cancer increase at the guideline age thresholds by 109% and 78%, respectively. Data from cancer registries in twelve US states indicate that cancer detection rates increase at the same thresholds by 50% and 49%, respectively. We estimate significant effects of screening on earlier breast cancer detection (1.2 cases/1000 screened) at age 40 and colorectal cancer detection (1.1 cases/1000 individuals screened) at age 50. Forty-eight and 73% of the increases in breast and colorectal case detection occur among middle-stage cancers (localized and regional) with most of the remainder among early-stage (in-situ). Our analysis suggests that the cost of detecting an asymptomatic case of breast cancer at age 40 via population-based screening is $107,000–134,000 and that the cost of detecting an asymptomatic case of colorectal cancer at age 50 is $473,000–485,000.

scholarly journals Colorectal Cancer Screening: Video-Reviewed Flexible Sigmoidoscopy by Nurse Endoscopists — A Canadian Community-Based Perspective

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 441-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Shapero ◽  
PE Alexander ◽  
J Hoover ◽  
E Burgis ◽  
R Schabas
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Flexible Sigmoidoscopy ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Community Setting ◽  
Average Risk ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Asymptomatic Patients ◽  
Incident Cancer

BACKGROUND: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common incident cancer and the second most fatal cancer in Canada. Flexible sigmoidoscopy (FS) is one of the modalities under consideration for CRC screening. The present series reports on a screening program of FS performed by nonphysician endoscopists in a Canadian community setting, with video review of procedures by physicians and recommendation of follow-up colonoscopy where polyps are identified.RESULTS: Five hundred twenty-five, average-risk, asymptomatic patients were examined. After exclusion of inappropriate referrals, 488 remained for analysis. The duration and extent of examination were comparable with those of previous studies elsewhere. Compliance with suggested follow-up was 97.3%. Polyps were identified at FS in 15.4% of examinees. In 8.2% of patients, the polyps were neoplastic at subsequent histology. Four malignant lesions were detected, all at an early stage. There were no complications of FS.INTERPRETATION: This report shows that FS can be carried out safely and effectively by nonphysician personnel in a community setting in Canada. The manpower cost for nonphysician operators is considerably less than that for specialist physician endoscopists. This approach deserves consideration in cost effectiveness analyses of CRC screening.

scholarly journals Additional offer of sigmoidoscopy in colorectal cancer screening in Germany: rationale and protocol of the decision-analytic modelling approach in the SIGMO study

BMJ Open ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. e050698
Author(s):  
Leonie Diedrich ◽  
Melanie Brinkmann ◽  
Maren Dreier ◽  
Wendelin Schramm ◽  
Christian Krauth
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Evidence Base ◽  
Quality Adjusted Life Year ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Detection Rates ◽  
Crc Screening ◽  
Decision Analytic Modelling ◽  
Adenoma Detection ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Modelling Approach

IntroductionIn Germany, statutory insured persons are entitled to a stool test (faecal immunochemical test (FIT)) or colonoscopy for colorectal cancer (CRC) screening, depending on age and sex, yet participation rates are rather low. Sigmoidoscopy is a currently not available screening measure that has a strong evidence base for incidence and mortality reduction. Due to its distinct characteristics, it might be preferred by some, who now reject colonoscopy. The objective of this study is to estimate the economic consequences of the additional offer of sigmoidoscopy for CRC screening in Germany compared with the present screening practice while considering the preferences of the general population.Methods and analysisA decision-analytic modelling approach will be developed that compares the present CRC screening programme in Germany (FIT, colonoscopy) with a programme extended by sigmoidoscopy from a societal perspective. A decision tree and Markov model will be combined to assess both short-term and long-term effects, such as CRC and adenoma detection rates, the number of CRC cases, CRC mortality as well as complications. The incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year gained for each alternative will be calculated. The model will incorporate the general population’s preferences based on a discrete choice experiment. Further, input parameters will be taken from the literature, the German cancer registry and health insurance claims data.Ethics and disseminationEthical approval for the study was obtained from the Ethics Committee of Hannover Medical School (ID: 8671_BO_K_2019). The findings of the study will be published in peer-reviewed journals and presented at national and/or international conferences.Trial registration numberDRKS00019010.

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