Nitrotyrosine in Otitis Media with Effusion

2005 ◽  
Vol 114 (10) ◽  
pp. 804-808 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ken-Ichi Hisamatsu ◽  
Hajime Inoue ◽  
Kiyoshi Makiyama ◽  
Masami Homma
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Cell Injury ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Lactic Dehydrogenase ◽  
Mucosal Cell ◽  
Ldh Activity ◽  
Acute Group ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A

Objectives: Our purpose was to investigate mucosal cell injury due to the nitric oxide (NO)-superoxide system in otitis media with effusion. Methods: We determined the levels of nitrotyrosine (NT) and NO and the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) in 90 middle ear fluid samples. Results: The NT concentration was significantly higher in group A (<16 years old) than in group C (>50 years old; p <.05), and significantly higher in the acute group than in the chronic group (p <.05). The NO concentration did not show a significant difference among the groups. The activity of SOD showed significant correlations with the concentrations of NT and NO and with LDH activity (p <.05). The LDH activity was significantly greater in group A than in group C (p <.05). Conclusions: Our results indicate involvement of the NO-superoxide system in the pathogenesis of otitis media with effusion, showing evidence of protein and/or cell injury in the middle ear.

scholarly journals Adenoidectomy Before Or After Myringotomy In A Single Stage Procedure: Does The Sequence Matter?

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 94-97
Author(s):  
Amer Sabih Hydri ◽  
Iqbal Hussain Udaipurwala ◽  
Iftikhar Aslam
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Single Stage ◽  
Military Hospital ◽  
Middle Ear Fluid ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Group A ◽  
Group B ◽  
Age Range ◽  
Ear Effusion

Objective: To evaluate the sequence of performing adenoidectomy or myringotomy first in a single stage procedure has any bearing on the per- operative outcome on middle ear effusion and subsequent grommet insertion in a patient of otitis media with effusion (OME). The hypothesis was that initially performed adenoidectomy allowed the middle ear fluid to drain passively and precluded grommet insertion. Study Design and Setting: Comparative study conducted at Department of ENT, Combined Military Hospital Sialkot and PNS Shifa Hospital Karachi, from Jun 2016 to Jun 2017. Methodology: One hundred and twenty patients (218 ears) with OME and adenoid hypertrophy, meeting the inclusion criteria, were inducted in this study and divided into 2 groups. Group A (60 patients with 110 ears) had adenoidectomy first followed by myringotomy and or grommet insertion, while Group B (60 patients with 108 ears) had myringotomy with or without grommet insertion first and followed by adenoidectomy. Result: There were 76 males and 44 female patients with a ratio of 1.7:1 and the age range was 3 to 14 years with a mean age of 4.81 ± 0.77 years. There was a significant difference between the two groups. Out of a total of 110 ears in group A, 74 ears (67.2%) had no mucoid fluid or dry tap on myringotomy in contrast with group B where out of total 108 ears, only 26 ears (24.1%) had dry tap or no mucoid fluid (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Adenoidectomy performed before myringotomy significantly reduced the need for grommet insertion. Larger studies however are needed to corroborate these findings.

Effect of Naproxen, a Prostaglandin Inhibitor, on Acute Otitis Media and Persistence of Middle Ear Effusion in Children

1989 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Izhak B. Varsano ◽  
Benjamin M. Volovitz ◽  
Josef E. Grossman
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear Effusion ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Prostaglandin Inhibitor ◽  
Ear Effusion

Prostaglandins are thought to be of importance in the pathophysiology of otitis media with effusion (OME), and the possibility of reducing the frequency and persistence of this condition by using prostaglandin inhibitors has been suggested. In a double blind manner, naproxen was administered to children with acute otitis media, in addition to amoxicillin, and its influence on the subsequent occurrence and persistence of middle ear effusion was evaluated. Eighty-one children participated in the study. No significant difference was found in the number of patients with tympanograms consistent with OME in the two groups. After 10 days of treatment, 63% in the naproxen and 58% in the placebo group, and after 30 days, 41% and 59%, respectively, had type B tympanograms. Similarly, there were no differences between the two groups with respect to other parameters studied (duration of otalgia, fever, otoscopic findings). No side effects related to naproxen were observed.

Surface morphology of middle ear epithelium in chronic ear disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 108 (12) ◽  
pp. 1024-1030 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Agius ◽  
M. Wake ◽  
A. L. Pahor ◽  
L. A. Smallman
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Beat Frequency ◽  
Ciliary Beat Frequency ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa ◽  
Suppurative Otitis Media ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Scanning Electron

AbstractThe ultrastructural details of normal middle ear mucosa have been reported in detail in the literature. This study was aimed at investigating the superficial structure of middle ear epithelium with the scanning electron microscope in patients with persistent otitis media with effusion (OME) and chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM), especially in the light of the authors' recent findings regarding decreased ciliary beat frequency (CBF) in patients exposed to tobacco smoke.Mucosal biopsies were taken from the anterior mesotympanum in four patients with OME and another four patients with CSOM. There was no significant abnormality of cellular surface structure in patients with chronic middle ear disease. Furthermore, no significant difference was observed between smoke exposed and nonsmoke exposed patients. It is concluded that the effect of tobacco smoke on CBF is functional and not related to any anatomical abnormality observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Bacteriology of otitis media with effusion

1989 ◽  
Vol 103 (3) ◽  
pp. 253-256 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. B. Sriwardhana ◽  
A. J. Howard ◽  
K. T. Dunkin
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Anaerobic Bacteria ◽  
Respiratory Pathogens ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Group A ◽  
Branhamella Catarrhalis ◽  
Aerobic And Anaerobic

AbstractA study was undertaken to evaluate the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria present in the middle ear of patients with otitis media with effusion. Middle ear effusions (MEE), nasopharyngeal and throat swabs were obtained at operation and cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. Two hundred and fifty-nine effusions were obtained from 152 subjects examined.Haemophilus influenzaewas isolated from 32 (12.3 per cent) effusions.Streptococcus pneumoniaefrom seven (2.7 per cent),Staphylococcus aureusfrom seven (2.7 per cent), Branhamella catarrhalis from one (0.4 per cent)—Group A β haemolytic streptococci from one (0.4 per cent) andStaphylcoccus epidermidisfrom three (1.9 per cent). The occurrence of respiratory pathogens in MEE reflected their prevalence in the upper respiratory tract. Significantly fewer children who had received antibiotics prior to surgery had organisms present in the MEE. Eight and a half per cent ofH. influenzaeand 64 per cent ofB. catarrhaliswere resistant to ampicillin. The present study confirms that bacteria are present in the middle ear in a significant number of patients with otitis media with effusion.

Determining Otitis Media Severity from Middle Ear Fluid Analysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 103 (5_suppl) ◽  
pp. 43-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven K. Juhn ◽  
William J. Garvis ◽  
Chap T. Le ◽  
Chris J. Lees ◽  
C. S. Kim
Keyword(s):  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Chronic Otitis Media ◽  
Complex Nature ◽  
Fluid Analysis ◽  
Factor Α ◽  
Necrosis Factor ◽  
Ear Effusion ◽  
Chemical Mediators

Otitis media has a complex multifactorial pathogenesis, and the middle ear inflammatory response is typified by the accumulation of cellular and chemical mediators in middle ear effusion. However, specific biochemical and immunochemical factors that may be responsible for the severity or chronicity of otitis media have not been identified. Identification of factors involved in chronicity appears to be an essential step in the treatment and ultimate prevention of chronic otitis media. We analyzed 70 effusion samples from patients 1 to 10 years of age who had chronic otitis media with effusion for two cytokines (interleukrn-1β and tumor necrosis factor α) and total collagenase. The highest concentrations of all three inflammatory mediators were found in purulent otitis media, and concentrations were higher in younger than in older patients. Mediator concentrations were similar in samples obtained from patients having their first myringotomy for otitis media with effusion and in those who had had multiple previous myringotomies. The multiresponse star, which incorporates several biochemical parameters in one graphic illustration, may best characterize the complex nature of middle ear inflammation.

scholarly journals Nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae Gene Expression Induced In Vivo in a Chinchilla Model of Otitis Media

2003 ◽  
Vol 71 (6) ◽  
pp. 3454-3462 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kevin M. Mason ◽  
Robert S. Munson ◽  
Lauren O. Bakaletz
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Haemophilus Influenzae ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Fluorescent Protein ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Acute Otitis Media ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Nthi Strain

ABSTRACT The gram-negative bacterium nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) is the predominant pathogen in chronic otitis media with effusion and, with Streptococcus pneumoniae and Moraxella catarrhalis, is a causative agent of acute otitis media. To identify potential virulence determinants, bacterial gene expression was monitored by differential fluorescence induction during early disease progression in one specific anatomical niche of a chinchilla model of NTHI-induced otitis media. Genomic DNA fragments from NTHI strain 86-028NP were cloned upstream of the promoterless gfpmut3 gene. NTHI strain 86-028NP served as the host for the promoter trap library. Pools of 2,000 transformants were inoculated into the left and right middle ear cavities of chinchillas. Middle ear effusions were recovered by epitympanic tap at 24 and 48 h, and clones containing promoter elements that were induced in vivo and producing green fluorescent protein were isolated by two-color fluorescence-activated cell sorting. Insert DNA was sequenced and compared to the complete genome sequence of H. influenzae strain Rd. In a screen of 16,000 clones, we have isolated 44 clones that contain unique gene fragments encoding biosynthetic enzymes, metabolic and regulatory proteins, and hypothetical proteins of unknown function. An additional eight clones contain gene fragments unique to our NTHI isolate. Using quantitative reverse transcription-PCR, we have confirmed that 26 clones demonstrated increased gene expression in vivo relative to expression in vitro. These data provide insight into the response of NTHI bacteria as they sense and respond to the middle ear microenvironment during early events of otitis media.

Effects of Platelet Activating Factor on the Tubotympanic Mucosa and Inner Ear in the Guinea Pig

1998 ◽  
Vol 107 (10) ◽  
pp. 876-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiharu Ohno ◽  
Yoshihiro Ohashi ◽  
Hideki Okamoto ◽  
Yoshikazu Sugiura ◽  
Yoshiaki Nakai
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing Loss ◽  
Inner Ear ◽  
Otitis Media ◽  
Middle Ear ◽  
Otitis Media With Effusion ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Sensorineural Hearing ◽  
Ciliary Activity ◽  
Middle Ear Mucosa

The effect of platelet activating factor (PAF) was studied to elucidate its role in the pathogenesis of otitis media and sensorineural hearing loss. The PAF alone did not induce a reduction of ciliary activity of the cultured middle ear mucosa. However, a dose-dependent decrease in ciliary activity was observed in the presence of the medium containing both PAF and macrophages. Intravenous injection of PAF did not induce dysfunction of the mucociliary system or morphologic changes of epithelium in the tubotympanum, but cytoplasmic vacuolization and ballooning were observed in the inner ear within 1 hour after injection of PAF. In contrast, intratympanic injection of PAF induced mucociliary dysfunction and some pathologic changes in the tubotympanum. Intratympanic inoculation of PAF induced no pathologic findings in the inner ear. These results suggest that PAF is at least partially involved in the pathogenesis of certain middle ear diseases such as otitis media with effusion. Additionally, PAF might be involved in the pathogenesis of some types of unexplained sensorineural hearing loss.

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