In Vitro Evaluation of the iValve: A Novel Hands-Free Speech Valve

Objectives: We performed in vitro evaluation of a novel, disposable, automatic hands-free tracheostoma speech valve for laryngectomy patients based upon the principle of inhalation. The commercially available automatic speech valves close upon strong exhalation and open again when the pressure drops. This method makes long sentences or pauses difficult. The novel iValve is designed to allow almost natural speech, with mid-sentence pausing and whispering. Methods: The inhalation closing flows and exhalation opening pressures of 6 iValve prototype versions at different settings were compared with physiological values. The airflow resistance at inhalation was compared to physiological values and to commercial valve values. Results: The iValve prototypes showed flow and pressure ranges in concordance with the physiological values in the literature. The airflow resistance in the breathing mode was within the physiological airflow resistance range, yet above the values from the two commercial valves. The resistance in the speaking mode was above the physiological airflow resistance range. Conclusions: In vitro tests show that the iValve versions can be selected and adjusted to operate within the physiological range. The airflow resistance in the breathing mode is good. In speaking mode, inhalation should, and can, be decreased. The iValve should offer the patient a more intuitively useable alternative with more dynamic speech. Its low cost allows disposability and wider use.

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Application of A Novel Potential Probiotic Lactobacillus paracasei Strain Isolated from Kefir Grains in the Production of Feta-Type Cheese

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms6040121 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (4) ◽

pp. 121 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ioanna Mantzourani ◽

Antonia Terpou ◽

Athanasios Alexopoulos ◽

Pelagia Chondrou ◽

Alex Galanis ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Starter Culture ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Lactobacillus Paracasei ◽

Pcr Analysis ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Probiotic Properties ◽

The Novel ◽

Kefir Grains ◽

Cheese Production

In the present study 38 lactic acid bacteria strains were isolated from kefir grains and were monitored regarding probiotic properties in a series of established in vitro tests, including resistance to low pH, resistance to pepsin and pancreatin, and tolerance to bile salts, as well as susceptibility against common antibiotics. Among them, the strain SP3 displayed potential probiotic properties. Multiplex PCR analysis indicated that the novel strain belongs to the paracasei species. Likewise, the novel strain (Lactobacillus paracasei SP3) was applied as a starter culture for Feta-type cheese production. Feta-type cheese production resulted in significantly higher acidity; lower pH; reduced counts of coliforms, yeasts and fungi; and improved quality characteristics compared with cheese samples produced with no starter culture. Finally, it is highlighted that the application of the novel strain led to Feta-type cheese production with improved overall quality and sensory characteristics.

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In vitro evaluation of human xenobiotic toxicity: Scientific concepts and the novel integrated discrete multiple cell co-culture (IdMOC) technology

ALTEX ◽

10.14573/altex.2008.1.43 ◽

2008 ◽

pp. 43-49 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

Albert Li

Keyword(s):

The Novel ◽

Scientific Concepts ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Multiple Cell

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Comparisons of In Vivo and In Vitro Opioid Effects of Newly Synthesized 14-Methoxycodeine-6-O-sulfate and Codeine-6-O-sulfate

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules25061370 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 25 (6) ◽

pp. 1370 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Ferenc Zádor ◽

Amir Mohammadzadeh ◽

Mihály Balogh ◽

Zoltán S. Zádori ◽

Kornél Király ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Opioid Receptor ◽

Antinociceptive Effect ◽

Gastrointestinal Transit ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Tail Flick ◽

The Novel ◽

Gastrointestinal Side Effects

The present work represents the in vitro (potency, affinity, efficacy) and in vivo (antinociception, constipation) opioid pharmacology of the novel compound 14-methoxycodeine-6-O-sulfate (14-OMeC6SU), compared to the reference compounds codeine-6-O-sulfate (C6SU), codeine and morphine. Based on in vitro tests (mouse and rat vas deferens, receptor binding and [35S]GTPγS activation assays), 14-OMeC6SU has µ-opioid receptor-mediated activity, displaying higher affinity, potency and efficacy than the parent compounds. In rats, 14-OMeC6SU showed stronger antinociceptive effect in the tail-flick assay than codeine and was equipotent to morphine, whereas C6SU was less efficacious after subcutaneous (s.c.) administration. Following intracerebroventricular injection, 14-OMeC6SU was more potent than morphine. In the Complete Freund’s Adjuvant-induced inflammatory hyperalgesia, 14-OMeC6SU and C6SU in s.c. doses up to 6.1 and 13.2 µmol/kg, respectively, showed peripheral antihyperalgesic effect, because co-administered naloxone methiodide, a peripherally acting opioid receptor antagonist antagonized the measured antihyperalgesia. In addition, s.c. C6SU showed less pronounced inhibitory effect on the gastrointestinal transit than 14-OMeC6SU, codeine and morphine. This study provides first evidence that 14-OMeC6SU is more effective than codeine or C6SU in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, despite C6SU peripheral antihyperalgesic effects with less gastrointestinal side effects the superiority of 14-OMeC6SU was obvious throughout the present study.

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In Vitro Evaluation of the Novel Chemotherapeutic Agents U-73, 975, U-77, 779, and U-80, 244 in Gynecologic Cancer Cell Lines

Cancer Investigation ◽

10.3109/07357909309024852 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 11 (3) ◽

pp. 276-282 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Randall D. Hightower ◽

Bernd-Uwe Sevin ◽

James Perras ◽

Hoa Nguyen ◽

Roberto Angioli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cell Lines ◽

Cancer Cell ◽

Gynecologic Cancer ◽

Cancer Cell Lines ◽

Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽

The Novel ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

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Comparison between two culture media for in vitro evaluation of antifungal susceptibility of the Sporothrix schenckii complex

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia ◽

10.1590/s0365-05962012000400007 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 87 (4) ◽

pp. 561-565 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Cheila Denise Ottonelli Stopiglia ◽

Daiane Péres Marchese ◽

Daiane Heidrich ◽

Julia Medeiros Sorrentino ◽

Fabiane Jamono Vieira ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Amphotericin B ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Low Cost ◽

Antifungal Susceptibility ◽

Sporothrix Schenckii ◽

Roswell Park Memorial Institute ◽

Broth Culture ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

BACKGROUND: The standard methodology for determining the antifungal sensitivity against the Sporothrix schenckii complex recommends the use of the 1640 Roswell Park Memorial Institute culture medium (RPMI) buffered with morpholinepropanolsulfonic acid (MOPS). However, while this is a high-cost medium which requires a laborious implementation and sterilization by filtration, the Sabouraud dextrose broth is a low-cost medium, widely used in mycology, sterilized by autoclave. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the performance of the Sabouraud dextrose broth culture medium as a substitute for the RPMI 1640-MOPS in determining the antifungal sensitivity of S. schenckii. METHODS: Forty-eight clinical isolates were evaluated against five antifungal agents: itraconazole, ketoconazole, fluconazole, amphotericin B and terbinafine, using the method of broth microdilution advocated by the M38-A2 protocol of the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between the Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations obtained in the two culture media for all the antifungals, with the exception of the amphotericin B. Regarding this drug, the Minimum Inhibitory Concentration range obtained were wider for the Sabouraud dextrose broth than for the Roswell Park Memorial Institute morpholinepropanelsulfonic acid. CONCLUSIONS: The Sabouraud dextrose broth showed potential to be used in the in vitro evaluation of the S. schenckii complex antifungal activity.

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DEVELOPMENT AND IN VITRO EVALUATION OF A NEW TOPICAL O/W EMULGEL FROM FRUIT EXTRACT OF PYRUS COMMUNIS

International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences ◽

10.22159/ijpps.2019v11i4.29063 ◽

2019 ◽

pp. 75-79

Author(s):

TANZILA KHILJEE ◽

NAVEED AKHTAR

Keyword(s):

Phase Separation ◽

Droplet Size ◽

Storage Conditions ◽

Pyrus Communis ◽

Gelling Agent ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Fruit Extract ◽

Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms ◽

In Vitro Evaluation

Objective: The aim of the present study was to develop a new topical dosage form containing Pyrus communis fruit extract. Developed formulation was O/W Emulgel which was evaluated by its in vitro tests and its stability studies at different storage conditions. Methods: Hydroalcoholic Pyrus communis extract was prepared by the maceration process. A 4% Pyrus communis emulgel was prepared by the combination of emulsion and gel at a specific temperature and mixing through homogenizers. The formulations having different concentration of carbopol 940 (gelling agent) were placed at 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °C+75%RH for 3 mo in order to find out the most stable formulation. After the selection of final emulgel formulation was eventually further evaluated for in vitro studies such as phase separation, centrifugation, rheology, pH, conductivity, organoleptic properties and mean droplet size over a period of 12 w at 8 °C, 25 °C, 40 °C and 40 °C+75%RH. Results: In vitro evaluation of the selected Pyrus communis emulgel formulation showed good resistance to phase separation on centrifugation, conductivity gradually increases due to oil in water emulgel and pH of formulation was gradually decreased. The rheological behavior was non-Newtonian pseudoplastic and showed shear thinning fluid behavior. Mean droplet size of Pyrus communis emulgel was 16.0±0.20 µm and after 90 d droplet size was 16.7±0.55 µm at high storage temperatures at 40 °C and 40 °C+75RH and no significant changes were observed at normal storage conditions at 8 °C and 25 °C. Conclusion: Pyrus communis emulgel fresh fruit extract showed stable formulation at different storage conditions. This new formulation will be a good addition to pharmaceutical dosage forms made from traditionally used plants.

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Mechanical Properties of the Every Second Matters for Mothers-Uterine Balloon Tamponade (ESM-UBT) Device: In Vitro Tests

American Journal of Perinatology Reports ◽

10.1055/s-0039-1697653 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 09 (04) ◽

pp. e376-e383 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kamyar Mollazadeh-Moghaddam ◽

Michelle Dundek ◽

Anuj Bellare ◽

Anderson Borovac-Pinheiro ◽

Alice Won ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mechanical Properties ◽

Low Cost ◽

Foley Catheter ◽

In Vitro Tests ◽

Mortality And Morbidity ◽

Balloon Tamponade ◽

Life Saving ◽

Resource Poor ◽

Uterine Balloon Tamponade

Abstract Objective Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the most common cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide, most of which occurs in resource-poor settings. Placement of a uterine balloon may be life-saving in uncontrolled PPH. The Every Second Matters for Mothers-Uterine Balloon Tamponade (ESM-UBT) device is an ultra-low-cost uterine balloon designed for global access. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mechanical properties of the ESM-UBT device. Study design Intraluminal pressures, diameters, and burst volumes of condom uterine balloons and Foley catheter balloons of ESM-UBT devices were measured in open air and inside uterus models. Condom uterine balloons were tested with uterus model sizes of 100, 250, and 500mL. The condom-catheter O-ring attachment tensile strength was also evaluated. Results All 28 samples of ESM-UBT condom uterine balloons maintained their integrity for at least 3 hours when subjected to pressures of 200 mm Hg or greater across each of the tested uterine volumes. No Foley catheter balloons burst after instillation of 30mL, O-rings withstood forces of 15.4 ± 2.1 N, and condom uterine balloons stretched to 35.8 ± 2.1 cm without loss of integrity. Conclusion The mechanical properties of the ESM-UBT device make it attractive for scale across resource-poor settings.

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