Management of the Extubation Problem in the Premature Child

1980 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 508-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robin T. Cotton ◽  
Allan B. Seid
Keyword(s):  
Endotracheal Tube ◽  
Ventilatory Support ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Endoscopic Evaluation ◽  
Newborn Period ◽  
Edema Formation ◽  
Premature Child ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Long-term endotracheal intubation is a widely established means of giving ventilatory support in the newborn period. Though such long-term intubation is well tolerated by the premature infant, laryngeal complications do occur and extubation may be impossible even though the initial disease process for which the intubation was performed has resolved. In such a situation, careful endoscopic evaluation of the upper respiratory tract is advocated to identify the site of the problem. If subglottic edema or mucosal ulceration in the subglottic area is the site of the damage and if, during endoscopic evaluation immediately following removal of the endotracheal tube, the subglottic area starts to narrow because of edema formation or edema fluid filling up compressed granulation tissue, then a split of the cricoid in the midline anteriorly, leaving the endotracheal tube in as a stent, appears to be a preferable alternative to performing a tracheotomy. Of 12 consecutive patients, 9 have been successfully extubated.

scholarly journals Nasal fibrosis: long-term follow up of four cases of eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis

2005 ◽  
Vol 119 (2) ◽  
pp. 119-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Santdeep Paun ◽  
Valerie J Lund ◽  
Andrew Gallimore
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Facial Soft Tissues ◽  
Eosinophilic Angiocentric Fibrosis

Eosinophilic angiocentric fibrosis is a rare, benign cause of submucosal thickening and fibrosis within the upper respiratory tract. It predominantly affects the nose although cases have been reported in the subglottis. We describe four cases of the disease centred around the nasal cavity, with widespread infiltration of the facial soft tissues and orbit in three of the four patients. Each underwent long term follow up. Multiple surgical resections were required with two of our patients and, to date, medical therapy has been of limited help. The disease process, with its clinical and characteristic histopathological findings, is described. We also discuss the management of the disease following a comprehensive review of, and comparison with, the few prior reported cases.

Effect of sulfur baths on the upper respiratory tract and hearing organ

1927 ◽  
Vol 23 (8) ◽  
pp. 856-856
Author(s):  
N. Bobrovsky
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Hearing Organ ◽  
Upper Respiratory

The question of the effect of H2S on the mucosa of the upper respiratory tract and the hearing organ is currently not yet sufficiently developed. Observations of Dr. Mogilnitsky on patients with sulfur baths suggest that H2S acts directly on the mucosa of the upper airways, causing its hyperaemia, increased secretion and reduction of atrophic phenomena; long-term action of H2S, on the contrary, increases atrophic phenomena.

FEATURES OF RESIDUAL PHENOMENA AND CONSEQUENCES OF COVID-19 (REVIEW)

Vestnik ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 335-340
Author(s):  
Г.Н. Абуова ◽  
Г.А. Айтмуратова ◽  
Т.В. Полукчи ◽  
Ф.А. Бердалиева ◽  
Г.Г. Шаймерденова
Keyword(s):  
Asymptomatic Infection ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Respiratory Tract Disease ◽  
Infected People ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Disease ◽  
Timely Treatment

Проведен литературный обзор об особенностях остаточных явлений и последствий COVID-19 на основе данных, опубликованных до настоящего времени. К началу января 2021 года COVID-19, сопровождающийся тяжелым острым респираторным синдромом, вызванным коронавирусом (SARS-CoV-2), привел к более чем 83 миллионам подтвержденных случаев и более чем 1,8 миллионам смертей. Клинический спектр инфекции SARS-CoV-2 широк, включая бессимптомную инфекцию, лихорадку, усталость, миалгии, легкое заболевание верхних дыхательных путей, тяжелую и опасную для жизни вирусную пневмонию, требующую госпитализации и летальный исход. COVID-19 - это новое заболевание, и остается неопределенность в отношении возможных долгосрочных последствий для здоровья. На сегодняшний день известно, что у большинства инфицированных, особенно в молодом возрасте, заболевание имеет легкое течение, по сравнению с лицами старшего возраста. У некоторых пациентов заболевание быстро прогрессирует и развиваются различные осложнения, в т.ч. полиорганная недостаточность. Поэтому раннее выявление и своевременное лечение критических случаев имеет решающее значение. A literature review on the features of residual phenomena and consequences of COVID-19 is analyzed on the basis of data published so far. By the beginning of January 2021, COVID-19, accompanied by severe acute respiratory syndrome caused by coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), led to more than 83 million confirmed cases and more than 1.8 million deaths. The clinical spectrum of SARS-CoV-2 infection is wide, including asymptomatic infection, fever, fatigue, myalgia, mild upper respiratory tract disease, severe and life-threatening viral pneumonia requiring hospitalization, and death. COVID-19 is a new disease, and uncertainty remains about possible long-term health consequences. To date, it is known that the majority of infected people, especially at a young age, have a mild course of the disease, compared with older people. In some patients, the disease progresses rapidly and various complications develop, including multiple organ failure. Therefore, early detection and timely treatment of critical cases is crucial.

scholarly journals Association between inhaled corticosteroids and upper respiratory tract infection in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Chen ◽  
Yulin Feng ◽  
Ke Wang ◽  
Jing Yang ◽  
Yuejun Du
Keyword(s):  
Inhaled Corticosteroids ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Abstract Background We aimed to assess the association between inhaled corticosteroids (ICSs) and the risk of upper respiratory tract infection (URTI) in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library and Clinical Trials.gov were searched from inception to October 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of any ICSs vs control for COPD with reporting of URTI as an adverse event were included. The study was registered with PROSPERO prospectively (#CRD42020153134). Results Seventeen RCTs (20,478 patients) were included. ICSs significantly increased the risk of URTI in COPD patients (RR, 1.13; 95% CI 1.03–1.24; P = 0.01; heterogeneity: I2 = 7%). Futher subgroup analyses suggested that short-term use of ICSs increased the risk of URTI (RR, 1.29; 95% CI 1.06–1.56; P = 0.01; heterogeneity: I2 = 14%) but not for long-term use (RR, 1.08; 95% CI 0.97–1.2; P = 0.14; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%). Short-term use of high-dose fluticasone increased the risk of URTI (RR, 1.33; 95% CI 1.03–1.71; P = 0.03; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%) but not for long-term use (RR, 1.12; 95% CI 0.97–1.29; P = 0.13; heterogeneity: I2 = 50%). Medium-dose (RR, 0.97; 95% CI 0.71–1.32; P = 0.84; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%) and low-dose (RR, 1.39; 95% CI 0.92–2.1; P = 0.12; heterogeneity: I2 = 30%) fluticasone did not increase the risk of URTI regardless of duration. Neither mometasone (RR, 1.05; 95% CI 0.87–1.26; P = 0.61; heterogeneity: I2 = 0%) nor budesonide (RR, 1.08; 95% CI 0.77–1.5; P = 0.67; heterogeneity: I2 = 46%) increased the risk of URTI, regardless of dosage or duration. Conclusions Long-term use of ICSs does not increase the risk of URTI in patients with COPD. Short-term use of high-dose fluticasone increases the risk of URTI in patients with COPD, but not mometasone or budesonide.

Fever and acquired torticollis in hospitalized children

2002 ◽  
Vol 116 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. C. Mezue ◽  
Z. M. Taha ◽  
E. M. Bashir
Keyword(s):  
Conservative Treatment ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Early Recognition ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Grisel’S Syndrome ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Acute torticollis due to non-traumatic atlanto-axial subluxation (AAS) is often seen in children presenting with inflammatory conditions of the upper respiratory tract and the neck. Grisel’s syndrome is the eponym given to this condition. These patients may present earlier in the disease process without evident subluxation. Thus, early recognition of the condition with prompt commencement of appropriate conservative treatment could halt the progression into Grisel’s syndrome. The purpose of this study is to address the importance of early recognition of inflammatory torticollis that can be treated successfully by conservative methods.A retrospective review was made of the case files and radiological investigations of 13 children with fever and torticollis who were treated in the neurosurgery unit of Hamad General Hospital in Qatar, over a two-year period from July 1996 to July 1998. The children were aged between three and 12 years with a male to female ratio of 3:1. All patients arrived at the hospital within 48 hours of onset of torticollis and almost all had manifestations of upper respiratory tract or head and neck infections. Radiological examination by cervical spine X-rays, computerized tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance images (MRI) revealed that only three cases out of 13 had AAS. All patients underwent conservative treatment that included rest, neck collar, simple analgesics and antibiotics, where appropriate. A muscle relaxant was used in nine cases and Halter traction was applied to the three with AAS. All patients responded well to treatment and none required surgical intervention for AAS.We conclude that the majority of children presenting acutely with inflammatory torticollis have rotational deformity only without AAS. Progression to the latter, i.e. Grisel’s syndrome, may be aborted should the diagnosis be made early and conservative treatment initiated in time. On the other hand, delay in diagnosis would deprive these children an opportunity of receiving effective conservative treatment.

scholarly journals THE USING OF NEW PRESERVING SOLUTION FOR THE STORAGE AND THE DEMONSTRATION OF ANATOMICAL PREPARATIONS

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
V. N. Nikolenko ◽  
A. L. Urakov ◽  
L. I. Rastegaeva ◽  
E. A. Kozyreva ◽  
L. A. Gridin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Russian Patent ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Museum Exhibits ◽  
Long Term Storage ◽  
Shape Structure ◽  
Mucous Membranes ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Term Storage

For storage and open demonstration of moist anatomical educational preparations and museum exhibits proposed to use a new preservative, which is an aqueous solution of 0.014-0.019% 3-iodine-2-propinilbutilcarbonate. The solution has high antiseptic activity and does not have a local irritant effect on the skin, mucous membranes of the upper respiratory tract and oral cavity, as well as on the conjunctiva of the eyes. The proposed preservative is non-toxic and environmentally safety. Long-term storage and use of anatomical preparations in the proposed preservative does not cause any damaging changes, violations of their shape, structure and color. The method is patented by the Russian Patent Agency.

scholarly journals Congenital Neutropenia in Children: Evaluation of Infectious Complications, Treatment Results and Long-Term Outcome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Işık Odaman Al ◽  
Yeşim Oymak ◽  
Tuba Hİlkay Karapınar ◽  
Melek Erdem ◽  
Salih Gözmen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Tract Infection ◽  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Infectious Complications ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Congenital Neutropenia ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Upper Respiratory

Objective: Infections are an important cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with congenital neutropenia. In the present study, we report on the incidence, type, localization of documented infections, as well as the clinical features and long-term outcome in patients with congenital neutropenia in our clinic. Method: We performed a retrospective chart review of children with neutropenia seen at our hospital from 2000-2018. The data of 15 patients with congenital neutropenia were included in this study. Clinical and laboratory data were analyzed retrospectively using patients’ files and an electronic data system. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 34 months (range, four months- 150 months) and the median follow-up time was 48 months (range, 13-179 months). The leading causes of hospital admission before the establishment of the diagnosis were upper respiratory tract infection in six, pneumonia in four, gingival stomatitis in three and soft tissue infection in two patients. We reached the documented 74 hospitalization episodes and the most common reasons for hospitalization were pneumonia (35%), fever (21%), stomatitis (16%), cutaneous and deep soft tissue infections (12%). Conclusion: The management of infectious complications in children with congenital neutropenia is crucial. Early diagnosis is essential to prevent infections and permanent organ damage. Congenital neutropenia should be suspected in patients with a history of frequent upper respiratory tract infection, and necessary investigations should be performed accordingly. However, it should be kept in mind that the clinical findings of the patients may vary despite having the same mutation.

Safety and Tolerability of 60 Weeks' Extended Efalizumab Therapy in Patients with Chronic Moderate to Severe Plaque Psoriasis

2007 ◽  
Vol 13a (1) ◽  
pp. 28-33
Author(s):  
Alice B. Gottlieb ◽  
Tiffani K. Hamilton ◽  
Ivor Caro ◽  
Peter Compton ◽  
Craig L. Leonardi
Keyword(s):  
Safety Profile ◽  
Respiratory Tract Infections ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Acute Type ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Tract Infections ◽  
Term Maintenance ◽  
Common Infections

The chronic nature of psoriasis calls for long-term maintenance of control; thus, it is important to understand the long-term safety profile of effective therapies. We present long-term safety data for the T-cell inhibitor efalizumab in the treatment of moderate to severe psoriasis. To further assess the safety profile of efalizumab over extended therapy periods, we evaluated pooled results from 1,004 patients enrolled in two studies where patients were to be treated for 60 weeks. The most frequently observed adverse events (AEs) were acute-type AEs, predefined as headache, fever, chills, nausea, vomiting and myalgia occurring within 48 hours of efalizumab dosing. The rate of infection was comparable to rates reported in other efalizumab trials. The most common infections were colds and upper respiratory tract infections. The incidence of malignancy was <1% in any 12-week period. These studies demonstrate that the safety profile for efalizumab is maintained for up to 60 weeks.

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