Classification and Approach to Patients with Functional Voice Disorders

1982 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 372-377 ◽  
Author(s):  
James A. Koufman ◽  
P. David Blalock
Keyword(s):  
Voice Quality ◽  
Voice Disorders ◽  
Psychosomatic Disorders ◽  
Functional Dysphonia ◽  
Median Period ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type 3

Functional voice disorders result from vocal misuse or abuse; they are more easily recognized than other psychosomatic disorders because the clinician is able to visualize the laryngeal structure and function. If those structures appear normal, then an aberration of voice quality can be assumed to be functional. Functional dysphonia with prolonged aberrant vocal usage may lead to development of secondary pathological lesions of the larynx, which, although true pathological entities, must be recognized as resulting from the underlying and preceding functional disorder. In this report, we present a classification of and an approach to the diagnosis and treatment of functional voice disorders. On the basis of our clinical experience with 52 patients, we distinguished five types of functional voice disorders: type 1, hysterical aphonia/dysphonia; type 2, habituated hoarseness; type 3, falsetto voice; type 4, vocal abuse; and type 5, postoperative dysphonia. Forty-eight of the 52 patients (92%) were followed for a median period of 16 months (range 2–51 months). Therapy yielded excellent results in patients with types 1, 2 and 3; good results with types 4 and 5.

scholarly journals Analysis of EPID Transmission Fluence Maps Using Machine Learning Models and CNN for Identifying Position Errors in the Treatment of GO Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guyu Dai ◽  
Xiangbin Zhang ◽  
Wenjie Liu ◽  
Zhibin Li ◽  
Guangyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Error Type ◽  
Imaging Device ◽  
Linear Discriminant ◽  
Position Errors ◽  
Dose Monitoring ◽  
Type 3

PurposeTo find a suitable method for analyzing electronic portal imaging device (EPID) transmission fluence maps for the identification of position errors in the in vivo dose monitoring of patients with Graves’ ophthalmopathy (GO).MethodsPosition errors combining 0-, 2-, and 4-mm errors in the left-right (LR), anterior-posterior (AP), and superior-inferior (SI) directions in the delivery of 40 GO patient radiotherapy plans to a human head phantom were simulated and EPID transmission fluence maps were acquired. Dose difference (DD) and structural similarity (SSIM) maps were calculated to quantify changes in the fluence maps. Three types of machine learning (ML) models that utilize radiomics features of the DD maps (ML 1 models), features of the SSIM maps (ML 2 models), and features of both DD and SSIM maps (ML 3 models) as inputs were used to perform three types of position error classification, namely a binary classification of the isocenter error (type 1), three binary classifications of LR, SI, and AP direction errors (type 2), and an eight-element classification of the combined LR, SI, and AP direction errors (type 3). Convolutional neural network (CNN) was also used to classify position errors using the DD and SSIM maps as input.ResultsThe best-performing ML 1 model was XGBoost, which achieved accuracies of 0.889, 0.755, 0.778, 0.833, and 0.532 in the type 1, type 2-LR, type 2-AP, type 2-SI, and type 3 classification, respectively. The best ML 2 model was XGBoost, which achieved accuracies of 0.856, 0.731, 0.736, 0.949, and 0.491, respectively. The best ML 3 model was linear discriminant classifier (LDC), which achieved accuracies of 0.903, 0.792, 0.870, 0.931, and 0.671, respectively. The CNN achieved classification accuracies of 0.925, 0.833, 0.875, 0.949, and 0.689, respectively.ConclusionML models and CNN using combined DD and SSIM maps can analyze EPID transmission fluence maps to identify position errors in the treatment of GO patients. Further studies with large sample sizes are needed to improve the accuracy of CNN.

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC RESPONSES TO INTERACTION WITH DIAMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF SLOW SOLAR WIND

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 24-36
Author(s):  
Vladimir Parkhomov ◽  
Viktor Eselevich ◽  
Maxim Eselevich ◽  
Aleksey Dmitriev ◽  
Alla Suvorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Slow Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Wind Density ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Type 3

We propose a possible classification of the responses of the magnetosphere to the interaction with diamagnetic structures (DS), which form the basis of the slow solar wind. The main determinants of the classification are the value and orientation of the vertical component Bz of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the solar wind density N. We have identified three types of magnetospheric responses. Type 1 has two subtypes whose main difference is the presence or absence of auroras on the day side of the magnetosphere. Within an hour before DS arrival, Bz has a positive value (up to 12 nT) or fluctuates about 0 in the range from –1 to +1 nT. For both subtypes, the duration of substorm disturbances approximately coincides with the duration of DS, and their intensity does not exceed AE~500 nT. Type 2 is characterized by the fact that before the contact with DS positive IMF Bz (0–10 nT) is recorded for an hour, and at the interface of DS a rapid (≤2 min) change in the orientation of the IMF vertical component from north to south occurs. For type 3, Bz within an hour before the contact with DS is negative (from –10 to 0 nT). We address the problem of DS energy transfer to the magnetosphere.

scholarly journals Four Bible Translation Types and Some Criteria to Distinguish Them

2007 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-22
Author(s):  
Sebastian Floor
Keyword(s):  
Information Structure ◽  
Semantic Content ◽  
Sentence Length ◽  
Bible Translation ◽  
Dynamic Equivalent ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Key Terms

The purpose of this paper is to contribute to the discussion on the classification of Bible translation types. This paper proposes four types instead of the traditional two: literal and idiomatic or dynamic equivalent. The four types are Type 1) close (or literal) resemblance, Type 2) open resemblance, Type 3) close (or limited) interpretative, and Type 4) open interpretative. There are several continua of criteria: the degree of resemblance to the original semantic content, the degree of explicitness, and the type of adjustments needed to unpack the meaning. Eight criteria of adjustments are proposed to distinguish these four types: 1) order of clauses and phrases, 2) sentence length, 3) reference disambiguation and tracking, 4) concordance of lexical items, 5) key terms and unknown terms, 6) figurative usage and idioms, 7) transition marking, and 8) information structure.

scholarly journals The Arterial Supply of the Distal Part of the Pancreas

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
S. Covantev ◽  
N. Mazuruc ◽  
O. Belic
Keyword(s):  
Splenic Artery ◽  
Distal Part ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Distal Pancreas ◽  
Corrosion Cast ◽  
Type 3

The pancreatic surgery field has evolved greatly over the previous years. Nevertheless, the vascularization of the pancreas remains a difficult subject and requires further attention. The study was conducted using macroscopical dissection and corrosion cast methods. The total number of organ blocks was 72 (50 for dissection and 22 for corrosion cast). Based on the data obtained by dissection, we can distinguish three major types of vascularization of the distal pancreas. In type one, the pancreas was vascularized only by the short branches of the splenic artery and was encountered in 18 cases (36%). In type two, the pancreas was vascularized by the long and short branches of the splenic artery and was encountered in 20 cases (40%). In type three, the pancreas was vascularized only by the long branches of the splenic artery in 12 cases (24%). Compared to that, the corrosion cast method demonstrated type 1 in 8 cases (36.36%), type 2 in 10 cases (45.46%), and type 3 in 4 cases (18.18%). During the dissection, there were no arteries to the tail of the pancreas in 13 (26%) cases, one artery in 15 (30%) cases, two arteries in 19 (38%), and three arteries in three (6%) cases. The 22 corrosion cast specimens were also evaluated based on the classification of Roman Ramos and coworkers. Type I (small arcades) was in 9 (40.90%) cases, type II (small and large arcades) was in 7 (31.82%) cases, type III (large arcades) was in 5 (22.73%) cases, and type IV (straight branches) was in 1 (4.55%) case. The corrosion cast method allowed us to determine no arteries to the tail in 4 (18.18%) cases, one artery in 6 (27.27%) cases, two arteries in 10 (45.46%) cases and three arteries in two (9.09%) cases. The vascularization of the distal part of the pancreas is highly variable and should be taken into consideration during surgery.

Analisis Kapasitas Galangan Kapal Ikan Untuk Memenuhi Rencana Pengadaan Kapal Ikan Hibah

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-36
Author(s):  
Agus Lubis Fitriansyah ◽  
Heri Supomo
Keyword(s):  
Fishing Vessel ◽  
Fishing Vessels ◽  
Score Method ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Right ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Selection Of

The government through the Ministry of Marine and Fisheries offers assistance of fishing vessel to achieve fisheries production targets. This procurement plan must be supported by the ability and selection of the right shipyard. Beacuse the information of the capability and capacity of fiber shipyards in Indonesia is unclear, so the realization of the procurement of fishing vessel in previous years did not met the planned targets. The purpose of this study was to analyze shipyard capacity to meet the planned procurement of KKP fishing vessels grant in 2019. First classification of fishing vessels is based on the size of each GT, which is 5 GT (type 1), 5-10 GT (type 2), and 20-30 GT (type 3). The second is the minimum shipyard criteria for building fishing boats. Third, an assessment of the shipyard is based on the criteria that have been made. Fourth, shipyard selection was carried out on each WPPN-RI using the load score method. The fifth calculates the number of ships that can be built by the shipyard. The results of the shipyard assessment found that 43% of shipyards have the ability to build type 1 vessels, around 38% of shipyards have the ability to build type 2 vessels, and around 19% of shipyards have the ability to build type 3 vessels. is 1625 units / period. Referring to shipyard capacity, it can be said that the entire shipyard is able to fulfill the plan to procure assistance for KKP fishing vessels in the 2019 budget year.

scholarly journals Failed Dermal Allograft Procedures in Irreparable Rotator Cuff Tears Can Still Improve Pain and Function. The “Biologic Tuberoplasty Effect”

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (7_suppl4) ◽  
pp. 2325967118S0009
Author(s):  
Raffy Mirzayan ◽  
Michael Allan Stone ◽  
Michael Batech ◽  
Daniel Acevedo ◽  
Anshu Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rotator Cuff ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Rotator Cuff Tears ◽  
Double Row ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Goutallier Classification ◽  
And Function ◽  
Type 3

Objectives: Massive rotator cuff tears (MRCT) are a challenging problem. Dermal allografts have been used in “bridging” procedures and superior capsule reconstruction (SCR). Both have led to clinical improvement, but without correlation with post-operative imaging. The purpose of this study is to examine graft integrity on MRI in patients who underwent an SCR or bridging procedure to determine if graft integrity correlates with functional outcome. We also propose a new classification of dermal allograft re-tear on MRI. Methods: This study was approved by our IRB. Between 2006 and 2016, 11 patients (12 shoulders) underwent a bridging procedure and 10 patients underwent an SCR for MRCT with a dermal allograft by a single surgeon. The grafts were secured to the tuberosity in a double-row, trans-osseous equivalent (DR-TOE) fashion. Pre- and post-operative VAS, acromiohumeral distance (AHD), and ASES scores, and pre-operative Hamada grade and Goutallier classification were prospectively collected and retrospectively reviewed. An MRI was obtained on all patients post-operatively to assess graft integrity. The status of the graft was divided into three types based on MRI findings: Type 1- Graft intact medially (rim of cuff or glenoid) AND laterally (greater tuberosity); Type 2- Graft intact laterally but torn medially; Type 3- Graft torn laterally. The shoulders were then grouped based on these types for further analysis. Results: The average age was 61 (range: 49-73). Average follow-up was 21.6 months (range: 8-80). Average length from surgery to MRI was 13.9 months (range: 6-80). There was a significant improvement in VAS (pre-8.1 to post-1.3) and ASES (pre-26.3 to post-84.6) in Type 1 (P<0.01) and in VAS (pre-7.0 to post-0.7) and ASES (pre-32.6 to post-91.2) in Type 2 (P<0.01). There was no difference in post-operative VAS (1.3 vs 0.7) and ASES (84.6 vs 91.2) between Type 1 and Type 2 (P=0.8). There was no improvement in VAS (pre-7.3 vs post-5.7) and ASES (pre-30.6 vs post-37.2) in Type 3. There was a significant difference in post-operative VAS (5.7 vs 1) and ASES (37.2 vs 88.1) between Type 3 versus Types 1+2, respectively (P<0.01). The AHD decreased in type 3 (pre-7.8 mm to post-3.2 mm, P=0.02) but did not change in Types 1+2 (pre-7.8 mm to post-8.0 mm, P=0.7). Conclusion: In patients who have SCR or “bridging” procedures for MRCT with a dermal allograft, there is significant improvement in VAS and ASES scores if the graft heals to the tuberosity, regardless if it is still intact to the glenoid (in SCR) or the rim of rotator cuff tendon (“bridging”). Individuals whose graft is torn from the tuberosity did not have improvement in VAS or ASES scores versus baseline. There was no significant difference in AHD in all groups. We believe that the dermal graft acts as a “biologic (interpositional) tuberoplasty,” preventing bone-to-bone contact between the tuberosity and the acromion, thus eliminating pain and improving function. We still recommend performing an SCR when indicated because it has been shown to restore the normal kinematics of the shoulder in a laboratory setting. However, careful attention should be paid to the repair of the graft to the tuberosity, so that in case the primary procedure fails medially, the graft can still improve pain and function.

scholarly journals Heliorhodopsin evolution is driven by photosensory promiscuity in monoderms

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul-Adrian Bulzu ◽  
Vinicius Silva Kavagutti ◽  
Maria-Cecilia Chiriac ◽  
Charlotte D. Vavourakis ◽  
Keiichi Inoue ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Energy ◽  
Protein Domain ◽  
History Of ◽  
Increased Sensitivity ◽  
Biological Complexes ◽  
And Function ◽  
Occurrence Patterns ◽  
Type 3

The ability to harness Sun’s electromagnetic radiation by channeling it into high-energy phosphate bonds empowered microorganisms to tap into a cheap and inexhaustible source of energy. Life’s billion-years history of metabolic innovations led to the emergence of only two biological complexes capable of harvesting light: one based on rhodopsins and the other on (bacterio)chlorophyll. Rhodopsins encompass the most diverse and abundant photoactive proteins on Earth and were until recently canonically split between type-1 (microbial rhodopsins) and type-2 (animal rhodopsins) families. Unexpectedly, the long-lived type-1/type-2 dichotomy was recently amended through the discovery of heliorhodopsins (HeRs) (Pushkarev et al. 2018), a novel and exotic family of rhodopsins (i.e. type-3) that evaded recognition in our current homology-driven scrutiny of life’s genomic milieu. Here, we bring to resolution the debated monoderm/diderm occurrence patterns by conclusively showing that HeR distribution is restricted to monoderms. Furthermore, through investigating protein domain fusions, contextual genomic information, and gene co-expression data we show that HeRs likely function as generalised light-dependent switches involved in the mitigation of light-induced oxidative stress and metabolic circuitry regulation. We reason that HeR’s ability to function as sensory rhodopsins is corroborated by their photocycle dynamics (Pushkarev et al. 2018) and that their presence and function in monoderms is likely connected to the increased sensitivity to light-induced damage of these organisms (Maclean et al. 2009).

scholarly journals CLASSIFICATION OF MAGNETOSPHERIC RESPONSES TO INTERACTION WITH DIAMAGNETIC STRUCTURES OF SLOW SOLAR WIND

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-41
Author(s):  
Vladimir Parkhomov ◽  
Viktor Eselevich ◽  
Maxim Eselevich ◽  
Aleksey Dmitriev ◽  
Alla Suvorova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Solar Wind ◽  
Vertical Component ◽  
Slow Solar Wind ◽  
Solar Wind Density ◽  
Main Determinants ◽  
Type 3

We propose a possible classification of the responses of the magnetosphere to the interaction with diamagnetic structures (DS), which form the basis of the slow solar wind. The main determinants of the classification are the value and orientation of the vertical component Bz of the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and the solar wind density N. We have identified three types of magnetospheric responses. Type 1 has two subtypes whose main difference is the presence or absence of auroras on the day side of the magnetosphere. Within an hour before DS arrival, Bz has a positive value (up to 12 nT) or fluctuates about 0 in the range from –1 to +1 nT. For both subtypes, the duration of substorm disturbances approximately coincides with the duration of DS, and their intensity does not exceed AE~500 nT. Type 2 is characterized by the fact that before the contact with DS positive IMF Bz (0–10 nT) is recorded for an hour, and at the interface of DS a rapid (≤2 min) change in the orientation of the IMF vertical component from north to south occurs. For type 3, Bz within an hour before the contact with DS is negative (from –10 to 0 nT). We address the problem of DS energy transfer to the magnetosphere.

scholarly journals Cholangiographic Features in the Diagnosis and Management of Obstructive Icteric Type Hepatocellular Carcinoma

HPB Surgery ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. Y. Lau ◽  
C. K. Leow ◽  
K. L. Leung ◽  
Thomas W. T. Leung ◽  
Michael Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Management Strategy ◽  
Biliary Tree ◽  
Endoscopic Retrograde ◽  
Extrinsic Compression ◽  
Blood Clots ◽  
Malignant Lymph Nodes ◽  
Type 3

In 11 years and 3 months, 2037 patients with HCC were seen and 48 patients (2.4%) were diagnosed to have obstructive icteric type HCC. Five patients were terminally ill and were not investigated further. Forty three patients were initially investigated by endoscopic retrograde cholangiography (ERC) or percutaneous transhepatic cholangiogram (PTC) and classified as having obstructive icteric type 1, 2, or 3 HCC based on the cholangiographic findings. The obstruction in type 1 HCC was due to intraluminal tumour casts and/or tumour fragments obstructing the hepatic ductal confluence or common bile duct, while intraluminal blood clots, from haemobilia, filling the biliary tree was the cause in type 2 HCC. The pathology in type 3 HCC was extraluminal obstruction by extensive tumour encasement of the intra–hepatic biliary ductal system and/or extrinsic compression of the hepatic and common bile ducts by tumour(s) and/or malignant lymph nodes. At the initial ERC/PTC, 10 patients (5 resected, 50%) had obstructive icteric type 1 and 23 patients (0 resected) had obstructive icteric type 3 HCC. Of the 10 patients initially classified according to cholangiography to have obstructive icteric type 2 HCC, subsequent investigations revealed that 6 patients had type 1 HCC (4 resectable, 67%) and 4 patients had type 3 HCC (0 resectable). The classification of the obstructive icteric type HCC into types 1, 2, and 3, based on the initial cholangiographic appearances has simplified and rationalized our management strategy for this condition.

Dorsal scapholunate ligament injury: a classification of clinical forms

2012 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. K. Andersson ◽  
M. Garcia-Elias
Keyword(s):  
Ligament Injury ◽  
Scapholunate Ligament Injury ◽  
Arthroscopically Assisted ◽  
Ligament Failure ◽  
Bone Anchors ◽  
Type 3 ◽  
Specific Fixation

The dorsal scapholunate (SL) ligament may disrupt in variety of ways. Each form of injury requires specific fixation. To investigate the incidence of each type of ligament failure, the records of 45 patients with adequate information, good quality pictures, or videos demonstrating injury characteristics were reviewed. Four types of SL injury were found: type 1 (lateral avulsion from the scaphoid) was the most frequent, present in 19 patients (42%); type 2 (medial avulsion from the lunate) was the least frequent, with 7 cases (16%); type 3 (mid-substance rupture) was found on 9 occasions (20%); and type 4 (partial rupture plus elongation) was observed on 10 occasions (22%). Based on our observations, we submit that an arthroscopically assisted SL capsuloplasty may not be possible in all cases, particularly not when the ligament has avulsed off the bone (60% of the cases), leaving no ligament remnant on one side. Most patients will require ligament reattachment techniques using transosseous sutures, bone anchors, or ligament reconstruction.

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