scholarly journals Mid-Infrared Waveguides: A Perspective

2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (10) ◽  
pp. 1625-1638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Schädle ◽  
Boris Mizaikoff
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Classification Scheme ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Sensing Systems ◽  
Infrared Waveguides

Significant advancements in waveguide technology in the mid-infrared (MIR) regime during recent decades have assisted in establishing MIR spectroscopic and sensing technologies as a routine tool among nondestructive analytical methods. In this review, the evolution of MIR waveguides along with state-of-the-art technologies facilitating next-generation MIR chem/bio sensors will be discussed introducing a classification scheme defining three “generations” of MIR waveguides: (1) conventional internal reflection elements as “first generation” waveguides; (2) MIR-transparent optical fibers as “second generation” waveguides; and most recently introduced(3) thin-film structures as “third generation” waveguides. Selected application examples for these each waveguide category along with future trends will highlight utility and perspectives for waveguide-based MIR spectroscopy and sensing systems.

Hand-held near-infrared spectrometers: State-of-the-art instrumentation and practical applications

NIR news ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 8-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui Yan ◽  
Heinz W Siesler
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Present Communication ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
Infrared Instrumentation ◽  
Substantial Progress

Recently, miniaturization of Raman, mid-infrared and near-infrared spectrometers has made substantial progress, and marketing companies predict for this segment of instrumentation a significant growth rate within the next few years. This increase will be based on a more frequent implementation for industrial quality and process control and a wider adoption of spectrometers for in-the-field testing and onsite measurements. However, contrary to Raman and MIR spectroscopy, miniaturization has been much further driven for near-infrared instrumentation. Thus, the present communication will focus on hand-held near-infrared spectrometers only and discuss their applications to selected analytical problems.

Chalcogenide optical fibers for mid-infrared sensing: State of the art, future strategies

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bureau ◽  
Catherine Boussard-Plédel ◽  
Virginie Nazabal ◽  
Jean-Luc Adam ◽  
Jacques Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Infrared Sensing

Development of optical fibers for mid-infrared sensing: state of the art and recent achievements

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruno Bureau ◽  
Catherine Boussard-Plédel ◽  
Johann Troles ◽  
Virginie Nazabal ◽  
Jean-Luc Adam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Optical Fibers ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Infrared Sensing

Grandparents Reveal Their Secrets: A New Holocaust Narrative for the Young ‘Third Generation’ in Israel

2012 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yael Darr
Keyword(s):  
Young Children ◽  
First Generation ◽  
Third Generation ◽  
Master Narrative ◽  
Safe Distance ◽  
Domestic Sphere ◽  
Holocaust Memory ◽  
Very Young Children ◽  
The Holocaust ◽  
New Type

Since the 1990s, a new type of Holocaust story has been emerging in Israeli children's literature. This new narrative is directed towards very young children, from preschool to the first years of elementary school, and its official goal is to instil in them an authentic ‘first Holocaust memory’. This essay presents the literary characteristics of this new Holocaust narrative for children and its master narrative. It brings into light a new profile of both writers and readers. The writers were young children during the Holocaust, and first chose to tell their stories from the safe distance of three generations. The readers are their grand-children and their grand-children's peers, who are assigned an essential role as listeners. These generational roles – the roles of a First Generation of writers and of a Third Generation of readers – are intrinsically familial ones. As such, they mark a significant change in the profile of yet another important figure in the Israeli intergenerational Holocaust discourse, the agent of the Holocaust story for children. Due to the new literary initiatives, the task of providing young children with a ‘first Holocaust memory’ is transferred from the educational authority, where it used to reside, to the domestic sphere.

scholarly journals Application of Microextraction-Based Techniques for Screening-Controlled Drugs in Forensic Context—A Review

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (8) ◽  
pp. 2168
Author(s):  
Samir M. Ahmad ◽  
Oriana C. Gonçalves ◽  
Mariana N. Oliveira ◽  
Nuno R. Neng ◽  
José M. F. Nogueira
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Sustainability ◽  
Illicit Drugs ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Cost Benefit ◽  
Future Trends ◽  
Present Contribution ◽  
Controlled Drugs ◽  
Related Compounds ◽  
Innovative Techniques ◽  
Great Simplicity

The analysis of controlled drugs in forensic matrices, i.e., urine, blood, plasma, saliva, and hair, is one of the current hot topics in the clinical and toxicological context. The use of microextraction-based approaches has gained considerable notoriety, mainly due to the great simplicity, cost-benefit, and environmental sustainability. For this reason, the application of these innovative techniques has become more relevant than ever in programs for monitoring priority substances such as the main illicit drugs, e.g., opioids, stimulants, cannabinoids, hallucinogens, dissociative drugs, and related compounds. The present contribution aims to make a comprehensive review on the state-of-the art advantages and future trends on the application of microextraction-based techniques for screening-controlled drugs in the forensic context.

scholarly journals Mid-Infrared Spectroscopy as a Rapid Tool to Qualitatively Predict the Effects of Species, Regions and Roasting on the Nutritional Composition of Australian Acacia Seed Species

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1879
Author(s):  
Oladipupo Q. Adiamo ◽  
Yasmina Sultanbawa ◽  
Daniel Cozzolino
Keyword(s):  
Principal Component ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Mid Infrared ◽  
Mir Spectroscopy ◽  
As Species ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Mir Spectra ◽  
Main Components ◽  
Rapid Tool

In recent times, the popularity of adding value to under-utilized legumes have increased to enhance their use for human consumption. Acacia seed (AS) is an underutilized legume with over 40 edible species found in Australia. The study aimed to qualitatively characterize the chemical composition of 14 common edible AS species from 27 regions in Australia using mid-infrared (MIR) spectroscopy as a rapid tool. Raw and roasted (180 °C, 5, 7, and 9 min) AS flour were analysed using MIR spectroscopy. The wavenumbers (1045 cm−1, 1641 cm−1, and 2852–2926 cm−1) in the MIR spectra show the main components in the AS samples. Principal component analysis (PCA) of the MIR data displayed the clustering of samples according to species and roasting treatment. However, regional differences within the same AS species have less of an effect on the components, as shown in the PCA plot. Statistical analysis of absorbance at specific wavenumbers showed that roasting significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the compositions of some of the AS species. The results provided a foundation for hypothesizing the compositional similarity and/or differences among AS species before and after roasting.

scholarly journals Challenges in the Fabrication of Biodegradable and Implantable Optical Fibers for Biomedical Applications

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (8) ◽  
pp. 1972
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Gierej ◽  
Thomas Geernaert ◽  
Sandra Van Vlierberghe ◽  
Peter Dubruel ◽  
Hugo Thienpont ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Optical Fibers ◽  
Optical Waveguides ◽  
Biomedical Applications ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Chemical Properties ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Biodegradable Materials ◽  
Essential Properties ◽  
Optically Transparent

The limited penetration depth of visible light in biological tissues has encouraged researchers to develop novel implantable light-guiding devices. Optical fibers and waveguides that are made from biocompatible and biodegradable materials offer a straightforward but effective approach to overcome this issue. In the last decade, various optically transparent biomaterials, as well as different fabrication techniques, have been investigated for this purpose, and in view of obtaining fully fledged optical fibers. This article reviews the state-of-the-art in the development of biocompatible and biodegradable optical fibers. Whilst several reviews that focus on the chemical properties of the biomaterials from which these optical waveguides can be made have been published, a systematic review about the actual optical fibers made from these materials and the different fabrication processes is not available yet. This prompted us to investigate the essential properties of these biomaterials, in view of fabricating optical fibers, and in particular to look into the issues related to fabrication techniques, and also to discuss the challenges in the use and operation of these optical fibers. We close our review with a summary and an outline of the applications that may benefit from these novel optical waveguides.

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