Lombroso's Jewish identity and its implications for criminology

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-369 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Knepper
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Professional Life ◽  
Jewish Question ◽  
Jewish Tradition ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Positivist Science ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Recovering Lombroso's Jewish identity is important for understanding the context in which he lived and worked. Italian statehood and positivist science had particular meaning relative to Jewish emancipation. Lombroso turned his back on Judaism and Jewish tradition, but interacted over the years with a circle of Jewish colleagues. Salvatore Ottolenghi, Pauline Tarnowsky, Helen Zimmern, Max Nordau and Jean Finot influenced his professional life in more than one way, as did members of his family, such as David Levi. Lombroso contributed to the defence of Jews from the surge of anti-Semitism in the late nineteenth century and he even managed a measure of critical analysis in his discussion of Jews and crime. Although he failed to overcome the prejudices and misconceptions at the centre of his outlook, the Lombroso who engaged ‘the Jewish question’ emerges as a more complicated and conflicted character than the Lombroso associated with ‘the criminal man’.

Sacred Capital: Pierre Bourdieu and the Study of Religion

2003 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 354-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh Urban
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Pierre Bourdieu ◽  
Northeast India ◽  
Religious Discourse ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Frequent Use ◽  
Late Nineteenth

AbstractThis article offers a critical analysis of Pierre Bourdieu's work and its importance for the study of religion. Analysis and criticim of Bourdieu's theories with reference to the example of the Bāuls, a loose, eclectic tradition of wandering minstrels and self-proclaimed spiritual "madmen", which has flourished throughout Bengal (northeast India and Bangladesh) since at least the late nineteenth century, was chosen for two reasons: first, because much like Bourdieu, the Bāuls make frequent use of a "marketplace" metaphor to describe the larger realms of social interaction and religious discourse; second, because the Bāuls offer a powerful challenge to Bourdieu's work, demonstrating that there is perhaps far more room for subversion and critique of the dominant "social marketplace" than his model of society and culture seems to allow.

The Question of Assimilation in French Jewish Historiography

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-45
Author(s):  
Maurice Samuels
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural Identity ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Hannah Arendt ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Historiography ◽  
Late Nineteenth

Abstract This article examines one of the defining features of French Jewish historiography: the debate over assimilation. Beginning with Jewish nationalist historians in the late nineteenth century, French Jews were accused of having gladly renounced their Jewish identity to partake of the benefits of emancipation. Twentieth-century historians writing in the wake of Hannah Arendt offered a similar condemnation of the “politics of assimilation.” At the end of the twentieth century, however, historians began to question this consensus, suggesting that French Jews sought out distinct ways of maintaining their religious and cultural identity. Ultimately, this article argues that the debate reflects a conflict over ideological frameworks used to interpret Jewish modernity. Cet article examine le débat sur l'assimilation qui traverse l'historiographie du judaïsme français. Selon les historiens nationalistes juifs de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle, les juifs français auraient renoncé volontairement à leur identité juive afin de jouir des bienfaits de leur émancipation. Les historiens du vingtième siècle écrivant dans la lignée d'Hannah Arendt ont été également prompts à critiquer cette « politique de l'assimilation ». Pourtant, à la fin du vingtième siècle, certains historiens ont commencé à mettre en doute ce consensus, soulignant les divers moyens par lesquels les juifs auraient essayé de conserver leur identité religieuse et culturelle tout en devenant des citoyens français. En fin de compte, cet article suggère que c'est le cadre idéologique qui produit les différences d'opinion dans ce débat sur la modernité juive.

Ethnomusicology and Philosophy

2020 ◽  
pp. 43-64
Author(s):  
Ellen Koskoff
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Basic Method ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Cultural Life ◽  
History Of ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
New Formulation ◽  
Organizing Principles

Ethnomusicology is the study of music in human social and cultural life. Closely related today to the discipline of anthropology, its basic method is ethnographic fieldwork. This chapter begins by presenting a history of the field of ethnomusicology, from its earliest beginnings (as comparative musicology) in late nineteenth-century Europe to its present standing as a major music discipline worldwide. The chapter proceeds by providing a critical analysis of current debates, theoretical directions, new practices, and challenges, before concluding with an examination of some important issues affecting the future of ethnomusicology. These include the effects of postmodernism (such as the development of new paradigms foregrounding fragmentation and multiple subjectivities) on the study of music; the rise of various technologies as harbingers of a new formulation of music as simply one category of sound; the effects of globalism on diasporic studies, conceptions of “musical flow,” and the ethics of fieldwork; and, finally, the roles of sameness and difference as organizing principles of ethnomusicological analysis and practice

scholarly journals India in Yeats’s Early Imagination: Mohini Chatterjee and Kālidāsa

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-39
Author(s):  
Ashim Dutta
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Indian Philosophy ◽  
Fifth Century ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Religion And Literature ◽  
Late Nineteenth

W. B. Yeats’s interest in India persisted throughout his variegated life and career, starting in the late nineteenth century and lasting through the final decade of his life. This article concentrates on his early years when he first came to terms with Indian philosophy, religion, and literature via the Vedāntist-Theosophist Mohini Chatterjee and the work of the fifth-century Sanskrit playwright Kālidāsa. With a view to examining critically Yeats’s creative engagement with, and appropriation of, these disparate materials, this article closely reads a discarded 1880s poem on Chatterjee’s teaching and its later 1929 version, “Mohini Chatterjee,” as well as his early Indian poems, collected in Crossways. The reading of these poems is supplemented by critical analysis of the relevant Indian texts, which will illuminate the poems concerned as well as the extent of Yeats’s imaginative improvisation.

The Intertextuality of the Kragehul Spear-shaft Inscription

2019 ◽  
Vol 49 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Bernard Mees
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Syntactic Features ◽  
Left Branch ◽  
Late Nineteenth

AbstractThe inscription on a spear-shaft excavated from the Kragehul bog, just outside Flemløse, Denmark, in the late nineteenth century, is one of the most interpretatively problematic of all the early runic texts. Previous treatments of the inscription, however, have failed to consider the intertextuality and syntax of the text properly, and have often been distracted by idiosyncratic hypotheses peculiar to runic studies. The present paper addresses several of the shortcomings evident in the philological method applied in previous accounts in a historiographically critical analysis of the very difficult ancient moor find. Syntactic features such as anastrophe and left branch extraction can be discerned in the Kragehul spear-shaft inscription that seems to preserve a text that is intertextually paralleled by other contemporary Migration Age sources.

Anticlericalism and Early Social Democracy in Sweden in the 1880s

2017 ◽  
Vol 97 (2) ◽  
pp. 248-266
Author(s):  
Jakob Evertsson
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Critical Analysis ◽  
Social Democracy ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Church Of Sweden ◽  
Social Democrats ◽  
Religious Ideology ◽  
The Social ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
The Church

This article examines early socialist anticlericalism directed against the clergy of the Church of Sweden in the late nineteenth century. Research on socialist critiques and the Church of Sweden is generally lacking, and no attempt has been made to interpret the critique using the concept of anticlericalism. This study analyses the Social Democrats’ official newspaper Socialdemokraten and demonstrates that socialist anticlericalism was focused on clerical lifestyles, the church as a class institution, and often religion itself. A critical analysis of the arguments reveals that the satire and exaggeration already familiar to many were commonly used in anticlerical rhetoric when describing the clergy. The ultimate aim of the critique was the abolition of the Established Church because it was considered to provide a conservative religious ideology for the state.

The Jewish Mother’s Prayer: Mothers in Late Nineteenth-Century Hungarian Jewish Women’s Prayer Books

2017 ◽  
pp. 41-58
Author(s):  
Krisztina Frauhammer
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Jewish Identity ◽  
Public Life ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
The Past ◽  
Hungarian Society ◽  
The Face ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
Prayer Books

This chapter examines the genre of nineteenth-century Hungarian Neolog Jewish women's prayer books. It argues that the prayer books must be read in the context of emancipation and the increasing secularization of Hungarian society. It also describes the creation of prayers that sanctify a vocation of motherhood and child-rearing, which charged mothers with passing Jewish identity on to their children in the home. The chapter talks about Neolog prayer books that imagine the Jewish mother as a bulwark against secularization and simultaneously invest mothers with the power to recreate tradition in the face of emancipation. It points out how mothers are idealized and entrusted with the past for the sake of the future, enabling fathers to become part of public life outside the home.

The Tribe Versus the City-State: An Architectural Conundrum for the Jewish Project

Images ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 156-165
Author(s):  
Stanley Tigerman
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Eastern European ◽  
Melting Pot ◽  
Anti Semitism ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
City State ◽  
The City ◽  
Over Time

Abstract“The Tribe versus the City-State” challenges the convention that suggests that the latter is preferable to the former. Throughout millennia the Jews struggled with tribalism, initially by building the First Temple as a means to coalesce tribal differences. Nonetheless, tribalism was used as a rationale to castigate Jews because it reinforced their being discrete from other, more homogenized populations. Over time, the City-State replaced tribalism because of its purported value as a melting pot that further coalesced differences into a more manageable whole. For the Jews however, the City-State exacerbated anti-Semitism in late Nineteenth Century Eastern European pogroms culminating in the Twentieth Century's holocaust. This paper addresses the architectural manifestations of these very different ways of aggregating populations. The Illinois Holocaust Museum project is presented as an example of building for the Jewish project in the context of temporality.

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