‘The Beast of Blenheim’, risk and the rise of the security sanction

2016 ◽  
Vol 49 (4) ◽  
pp. 528-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Pratt ◽  
Jordan Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Serious Offenders ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Social Restructuring

This paper discusses and explains a new penal phenomenon in the main Anglophone societies – the rise of the security sanction. Rather than reacting to crime, its purpose is to protect public safety by reducing the risk of future crime. It can be applied to both the most serious offenders and those who have not committed any crime. It can involve extended/prolonged terms of imprisonment and it can involve extensive restrictions on movement in public space. Its emergence can be explained by the post-1980s political, economic and social restructuring of these societies and the attendant uncaging of risk.

The Society of the Digital Swarm

2019 ◽  
pp. 95-110
Author(s):  
Daniel Toscano López
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Arab Spring ◽  
Digital Communication ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Regimes ◽  
The Public ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Arab Spring ◽  
Reality Principle ◽  
The Way

This chapter seeks to show how the society of the digital swarm we live in has changed the way individuals behave to the point that we have become Homo digitalis. These changes occur with information privatization, meaning that not only are we passive consumers, but we are also producers and issuers of digital communication. The overarching argument of this reflection is the disappearance of the “reality principle” in the political, economic, and social spheres. This text highlights that the loss of the reality principle is the effect of microblogging as a digital practice, the uses of which can either impoverish the space of people's experience to undermine the public space or achieve the mobilization of citizens against of the censorship of the traditional means of communication by authoritarian political regimes, such as the case of the Arab Spring in 2011.

The Relationship between the Visual System and Environment of Visual Factors

2014 ◽  
Vol 1065-1069 ◽  
pp. 2714-2717
Author(s):  
Yi Jie Tong
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Rapid Development ◽  
Individual Development ◽  
Urban Public Space ◽  
Modern City ◽  
Foreign Population ◽  
Factors Analysis ◽  
Guide System ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Public Environment

The modern city is the political, economic, cultural and transportation center, the rapid development of modern city drives the influx of foreign population, due to the different age level, cultural background, in the guide of urban public space system should has more extensive applicability.This article through to the visual guide system and the environment of visual factors analysis, trying to explore the visual guide is under the condition of city public environment how to systematic and individual development. And to guide knowledge system of integrated development direction in the new century.

scholarly journals Making public space. About the same or about difference?

2017 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Elena Piha
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Subject Matter ◽  
Popular Opinion ◽  
Site Specific ◽  
Contemporary World ◽  
Specific Differentiation ◽  
Urban Condition ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Similarity And Difference ◽  
Political Economic

<p class="Body">This text is about making public space out of and within the omnipresent entirety of space which is the defining circumstance of the macrocosm that holds us and that we inhabit. It begins with a propositional discourse on how that omnipresent space differentiates into public space and further articulates into human places. It concludes with a comparative précis of eight actual projects for public space as programmed, designed, realised and adopted for different purposes in the different socio-cultural and geo-locational situations of five established cities. The focus is on similarity and difference, or how social demands, human aspirations and design rationales for public space might depend on their originating context. It is also more about socio-cultural constants from which design approaches or, better, attitudes arise than the socio-political, economic or otherwise practical variables of procurement and implementation of public space, which are fleeting and fluctuate by time, government, and popular opinion.<br />The text is organised in sections, which form a collage of things that matter in making public space in the contemporary world which is essentially defined by the contemporary urban condition where global interconnectedness—networks and inclusiveness—negotiates with site-specific differentiation—otherness and exclusiveness. The order of the text is from general to particular, abstract to concrete, so as to set the subject matter in the context of the larger whole it belongs to.</p>

The Literary Depiction of the “Public Space”: Chen Zhongshi’s White Deer Plain Revisited

Rural China ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 151-171
Author(s):  
Zhi Gao
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Public Spaces ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Political ◽  
The Novel ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
Political Economic

Chen Zhongshi’s novel, White Deer Plain, is a complex text revealing the social, political, economic, and cultural dimensions of a community in transformation in which multiple public spaces coexist and struggle to survive. As a reinterpretation of the novel, this article examines three types of public spaces: the popular, the political, and the cultural-educational, respectively. Focusing on the forms of depiction, the inner workings of the public spaces, the overlapping between different spaces and their expansion, this article aims to delineate the trajectories of the rise and fall of such public spaces and explore their entangling and association with modernity.

After the Traffic Stops: Officer Characteristics and Enforcement Actions

2006 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Billy R Close ◽  
Patrick L Mason
Keyword(s):  
Race And Ethnicity ◽  
Economic Model ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Traffic Stops ◽  
Police Practice ◽  
Enforcement Action ◽  
Police Agencies ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study examines the relationship between officer characteristics and racially biased policing. In particular, we explore the relationship between the officer's race/ethnicity and the nature and extent of excessive enforcement actions by race. We derive an efficient enforcement action theorem which suggests that if public safety is the sole concern of police agencies, then racially and ethnically biased policing will not be a persistent element of police practice. Alternatively, our political economic model suggests that police apply more severe sanctions against other-group drivers. Our results show that the race and ethnicity of officers have a significant and substantive impact on the intensity of enforcement actions by the Florida Highway Patrol against stopped drivers.

scholarly journals Effects of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Tourist Risk Perceptions—The Case Study of Porto

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (11) ◽  
pp. 6399
Author(s):  
Hélder da Silva Lopes ◽  
Paula C. Remoaldo ◽  
Vitor Ribeiro ◽  
Javier Martín-Vide
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Third Order ◽  
Future Studies ◽  
Daily Routines ◽  
Explanatory Factors ◽  
Tourism Destinations ◽  
Social Restructuring

The COVID-19 pandemic outbreak (in early 2020) has dictated significant changes in society and territories by anticipating trends, changing priorities, and creating challenges, which are manifested in the territories. These are influenced by the levels of economic, cultural, and social restructuring, in the measures implemented by public administration or in attempts to redefine strategies for tourism destinations. This paper examines the perceptions and behaviors of tourists before and during COVID-19 in the municipality of Porto, the main area of the Porto Metropolitan Area, in Portugal. Research was based on the application of a questionnaire survey, probing the sensitivity of tourists to the crisis in the decision-making of daily routines, as well as future travel plans in the presence of a serious health concern. A total of 417 surveys were collected in the summers of 2019 and 2020. In addition to descriptive statistics, this paper also includes the results of the analysis of explanatory factors, being a reference for future studies. There were significant changes in the use of public space and the way tourist visits are handled, namely: (i) the concentration of visiting time (shorter visit than usual in certain tourist profiles); (ii) spatially limited visiting areas; and (iii) the ability to attract standard tourists from certain countries where tighter lockdown rules were imposed. Main implications of this study are reflected in the challenges that are imposed on the local agenda, where traditional problems are added to the responsibilities in crisis management and the ability to establish a third order of intervention in tourism.

scholarly journals Informaciniai nutylėjimai: priežastys ir pasekmės

2014 ◽  
Vol 68 ◽  
pp. 127-146
Author(s):  
Mantas Martišius
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Media Coverage ◽  
Social Issues ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
General Context ◽  
Critical Approach ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People ◽  
The Media ◽  
Political Economic

Šiuolaikinėje visuomenėje žiniasklaida atlieka svarbią funkciją. Ji ne tik informuoja, teikia pramogą ar šviečia, bet ir kuria bendrąjį kontekstą. Žiniasklaidos temų darbotvarkės kūrimas formuoja visuomenės temų darbotvarkę. Medijos teikiamos informacijos kokybė lemia visuomenėje naudojamo diskurso lygį, o pastarasis turi įtakos bendrųjų politinių, ekonominių ar socialinių klausimų sprendimui. Siūlomas naujas teorinis bendrojo konteksto nagrinėjimo aspektas – informacinis nutylėjimas. Informaciniai nutylėjimai – tai svarbios informacijos nepasakymas, kuris veikia bendrąjį kontekstą. Empirinis tyrimas nėra atliekamas, nes siekiama į reiškinį pažvelgti komunikacijos teorijos aspektu. Kitas aspektas, kad informacinių nutylėjimų empirinis nagrinėjimas vestų prie konkrečios istorijos pateikimo analizės. Būtų prarastas holistinis teorinis požiūris į informacinį nutylėjimą, kai, pateikiant informaciją ir sąmoningai ar atsitiktinai dalį svarbių žinių, duomenų ar faktų paliekant paraštėse, kuriamas nevisavertis visuomenės informuotumas. Straipsnio tikslas – analitiniu teoriniu būdu panagrinėti informacinio nutylėjimo reiškinį, jį sieti su propaganda ir bendrojo konteksto formavimu. Aptarti informacinio nutylėjimo priežastis ir poveikį Jurgeno Habermaso viešosios erdvės teorijos aspektu.Pagrindiniai žodžiai: informacinis nutylėjimas, propaganda, bendrasis kontekstas, žiniasklaida. Informative veiling: causes and consequencesMantas Martišius SummaryIn the modern society, the media play an important role. They not only inform, educate and provide entertainment, but also provide to the people the general context. Creating the news, the media shape the public agenda. The information provided by the media determine the quality of society’s discourse level and affect the political, economic, and social issues. The article theoretically proposes a new aspect of the examination, which is the information veiling. Informative veiling is an important information suppressing, which affects understanding of the context of general events. The information veiling can be intentional or accidental, but the effect will be the suppressing of important knowledge, data or facts and their unbalanced awareness. The purpose of the article is to examine analytically and theoretically the phenomenon of information veiling, linking it with propaganda and the context formation in general. In the deliberate or accidental information veiling, the result appears to be similar. Such information creates a weakly informed audience which is not using the valuable information for making the most effective decisions. If the public space is dominated by a large percentage of information veiling news, in society evolve myths, false assessments, and incorrect conclusions. In order to reduce the influence of information veiling, the audience should be careful as to the source of information and its expected effect. Examination of the media interest in the material reduces its propagandistic effect, and a more critical approach to the media coverage could reduce the information influence on the audience. On the other hand, we have to admit that it is a more idealistic approach rather than the reality.

scholarly journals Image, Precariousness and the Logic of Cultural Production in Hong Kong

2013 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolyn Cartier
Keyword(s):  
Hong Kong ◽  
Public Space ◽  
Performance Art ◽  
Cultural Production ◽  
Street Art ◽  
Cultural Institutions ◽  
Time Space ◽  
Uncertain Future ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
The City

Interpretations of culture in Hong Kong have tended to portray the city in terms of the vanishing present, in some combination of the instant, fleeting and disappearing. This article redresses such language of lack to consider instead how the idea of precariousness in the realm of the cultural has been less a condition of cultural production than a cultural strategy. Street art, including alternative performance art and political graffiti, has made the city itself the site of roving cultural production: walls, street surfaces and passageways accommodate forms of expression that the city’s cultural institutions have only more recently and uneasily embraced. In these different modes of time-space, contemporary alternative art occupies transitory territory and locates its ‘precariousness’ in lack of definitive status and uncertain future – mimetic conditions of defining culture in Hong Kong society itself. Its measures, by contrast, emerge in Jacques Rancière’s distribution of the sensible: the ways in which they render what is visible, knowable and ultimately sayable. As objects generating negotiation, such contemporary cultural projects anticipate instabilities of the present, identify hegemonic political economic logics and seek modes of resistance. Within these perspectives, this discussion juxtaposes two simultaneous events: the exhibit ‘Memories of King Kowloon’ on the historic graffiti of Tsang Tsou-choi, and the stenciled graffiti of Ai Weiwei in public space during April and May 2011.

Racial Displacement in Action?

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-68
Author(s):  
Jan Doering
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Community Policing ◽  
Public Safety ◽  
Neighborhood Watch ◽  
Crime Problem ◽  
Police Services ◽  
Safety Work ◽  
Policing Strategy ◽  
Program Safety

With the help of Chicago Alternative Policing Strategy, Chicago’s community policing program, safety activists in Rogers Park and Uptown employed a set of powerful strategies for fighting crime—“problem building” and “problem business” interventions, increasing and directing police services by strategically calling 911, attending court hearings as “court advocates,” and reclaiming public space through “positive loitering,” a type of public neighborhood watch. All of these practices were ostensibly race-neutral, but critics could and sometimes did challenge them as tools of racial marginalization. In addition to describing grassroots public safety work, the chapter analyzes how antigentrification activists contested these practices. Furthermore, it shows how safety activists tried to inoculate their efforts against racial contestation by recruiting minority residents, deploying racially benign narratives, and carefully managing situations of conflict.

The making of the fieldwork-er: debating agency in elites research

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mattia Fumanti
Keyword(s):  
Public Space ◽  
Young Researcher ◽  
Modus Operandi ◽  
Generational Difference ◽  
Elite Status ◽  
Political Economic ◽  
Individual Choices ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Elite Formation

Based on the outcome of 20 months fieldwork on the process of elite formation and the making of public space in a northern Namibian town, this paper explores the challenges of doing research among elites. Elites, whether political, economic, administrative, religious or traditional, occupy a prominent position within a community, which sets them apart from the rest of the population. While elite status inevitably brings to its members prestige, recognition and privileges, at the same time it often attracts criticism and suspicion of the elites' modus operandi. For these reasons the elites tend to keep an aura of secrecy around their activities, thus limiting access to their social milieu by outsiders. Beyond secrecy, in Africa, where the relationship between the elites and their subalterns is often socially and culturally regulated through age practices, generational difference can become a considerable hindrance for a young researcher. Taking inspiration from the work of feminist anthropologists, I reflect on my own experience to highlight the problematic role of the researcher's agency in the context of elite studies. Much as in the case of gender, I argue that age and generation regulates and determines the access of fieldworkers to their chosen field sites. As a consequence, fieldworkers doing research among elites have to constantly negotiate and adjust their position in the field. I aim to stress that while on many occasions these negotiations respond to the fieldworker's conscious intended strategies, in other circumstances there is little room for individual choices, let alone conscious and planned manoeuvering.

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