Theory and Practice in the Occupational Therapy Guidelines for Client-Centred Practice

1994 ◽  
Vol 61 (5) ◽  
pp. 250-259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Ann McColl ◽  
Tina Pranger
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Performance Model ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Therapy Guidelines ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Model Of Practice

A model for occupational therapy has evolved and has come to be referred to as the “Guidelines” model or the Canadian Occupational Performance model. This paper attempts to reformulate information relating to the Guidelines model, to support its use as a conceptual model and a model of practice. Both the conceptual model and model of practice are described in terms of their domain of concern, underlying values and assumptions, concepts and principles. The conceptual model provides a means of understanding occupational performance, while the model of practice offers a way of understanding the relationship between occupational therapy interventions and occupational performance. Both models are evaluated relative to nine criteria derived from the literature. The conceptual model is found to be largely consistent, supportable, comprehensive and useful. The model of practice, however, proves more problematic, with technical, structural and conceptual variances. The paper is intended as a stimulus for discussion and study of this central model of Canadian occupational therapy.

Enhancing Occupational Performance through Occupationally Embedded Exercise: A Meta-Analytic Review

1997 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 25-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keh-Chung Lin ◽  
Ching-Yi Wu ◽  
Linda Tickle-Degnen ◽  
Wendy Coster
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Nelson Model ◽  
Theoretical Inquiry ◽  
Analytic Review ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Occupation or purposeful activity is the unique historical root of occupational therapy and is thought to enhance health and prevent disability. Nelson's (1988) recent conceptual framework of occupation consolidates the beliefs of occupational therapy. One focus for empirical research and theoretical inquiry is the relationship between occupational form and occupational performance. This article critically analyzes this important part of the Nelson model and meta-analytically summarizes findings of the empirical studies that have examined this relationship. Results of the meta-analysis showed a substantial relationship of occupational form to occupational performance (weighted mean effect size r=0.50) in support of the proposition of the Nelson model that occupation can be analyzed in terms of the relationship between occupational form and occupational performance. The impact of potential moderators on the study findings is explored. Implications for occupational therapy theory and practice are discussed.

scholarly journals Foot rotation asymmetry in Down syndrome and the relationship with crawling and walking onset: a cross sectional study

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 247-256
Author(s):  
Camila Valero ◽  
Zan Mustacchi ◽  
Patricia Melo Bezerra ◽  
Francisco Winter Dos Santos Figueiredo ◽  
Alzira Alves de Siqueira Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Flat Feet ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Relationship

Introduction: Down syndrome individuals have different gait patterns, which include specific characteristics such as foot rotation asymmetry. Objective: The aim of this study was to analyze the relationship between this asymmetry and the previous acquisition of hands-and-knees crawling in Down syndrome children, as well as the probable association of this gait to gender, ethnicity, comorbidities, physiotherapy, and occupational therapy interventions. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 361 children with or without foot rotation asymmetry were selected. An online questionnaire was administered to the parents or guardians of those children. Results: Hands-and-knees crawling decreased the prevalence of foot rotation asymmetry in Down syndrome children. The longer it took for walking onset, the higher the prevalence of this asymmetry. Indeed, for each month of delay there was a 7% increase in prevalence. There was a significant relationship between orthopedic alterations in knees or flat feet and foot rotation asymmetry. There was no significance related to gender, ethnicity, other comorbidities, physiotherapy or occupational therapy interventions. Conclusion: The findings in this study revealed that foot rotation asymmetry may be related to the acquisition of the motor skills described above, especially with regards to hands-and-knees crawling and walking onset.

Limitations in Activities of Daily Living Among Spanish Women Diagnosed With Endometriosis

2021 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mario Lozano-Lozano ◽  
Antonio Mundo-López ◽  
Ainhoa P. San-Sebastian ◽  
Noelia Galiano-Castillo ◽  
Carolina Fernandez-Lao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Activities Of Daily Living ◽  
Daily Living ◽  
Pain Catastrophizing ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
The Impact

Importance: Understanding the impact of endometriosis symptoms on patients’ activities of daily living (ADLs) is a priority to establish effective and personalized intervention programs. Objective: To explore limitations in ADLs and instrumental ADLs (IADLs) and their association with pelvic pain (PP), chronic fatigue, and pain-catastrophizing thoughts among women with endometriosis. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Spain. Participants: Two hundred thirty women with endometriosis. Outcomes and Measures: Information regarding performance of ADLs (Barthel Index) and IADLs (Lawton–Brody questionnaire), PP intensity (Numeric Rating Scale), chronic fatigue (Piper Fatigue Scale), and pain-catastrophizing thoughts (Pain Catastrophizing Scale) was gathered. Multivariate regression analyses were created, and mediating effects of fatigue and pain-catastrophizing thoughts on the association between PP and ADL and IADL limitations were assessed. Results: The prevalence of limitations in at least one ADL and one IADL was 22.6% (95% confidence interval [CI] [17.2, 28.1]) and 39.1% (95% CI [32.8, 45.5]), respectively. Limitations in bowel continence, housework, shopping, and meal preparation were reported most frequently. Women reporting severe PP showed higher risk for ADL (odds ratio [OR] = 3.33, 95% CI [1.10, 10.10]) and IADL (OR = 7.99, 95% CI [2.86, 22.34]) limitations. Chronic fatigue and pain-catastrophizing thoughts were also positively related to ADL–IADL limitations, showing a mediating effect on the association between PP and ADL–IADL limitations. Conclusions and Relevance: This study reveals the widespread presence of difficulties in ADL–IADL performance among women with endometriosis, with some symptoms underlying these difficulties in occupational performance. This study points to the need for cost-effective occupational therapy interventions for affected women. What This Article Adds: This research shows that the occupational performance of women with endometriosis is frequently impaired; therefore, the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions should be addressed in the near future.

scholarly journals Can Occupational Therapy Address the Occupational Implications of Hoarding?

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Cathy Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Home Environment ◽  
Occupational Choice ◽  
Occupational Therapists ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Self Identity ◽  
Health And Wellbeing ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
Daily Occupation

Hoarding is often described as a medical disorder, defined by a persistent difficulty in discarding possessions and associated high levels of emotional distress when forced to part with these. This article will discuss how having a different view of hoarding, seeing hoarding as a daily occupation which provides value, purpose, and meaning and with a relationship to self-identity and life purpose, could offer alternate interventions to support an individual who hoards. The article will consider the components of hoarding activity and how these relate to health and wellbeing and doing, being, belonging, and becoming as understood by occupational therapists. The article will consider what occupational therapy, a profession which considers a person’s daily occupations, the things that occupy their time and which give meaning to their existence, could offer as an alternative to current hoarding interventions. Proposals for occupational therapy interventions will be suggested which would support occupational choice, support engagement in activities which have more positive outcomes on a person’s health, and seek to address barriers which limit engagement and occupational performance in activities within the person’s home environment.

scholarly journals Occupational therapy interventions in child and adolescent mental health to increase participation: A mixed methods systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 030802262110087
Author(s):  
Rob Brooks ◽  
Katrina Bannigan
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Systematic Review ◽  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions

Introduction Mental health disorders and low levels of mental well-being can have a lasting effect on life satisfaction and contribution to society for children and adolescents, yet the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions is unknown. Methods A mixed methods systematic review was conducted including studies with children and adolescents aged 5–16 years, who had mental health difficulties, that evaluated occupational therapy interventions and focused on participation in everyday occupations as an outcome. Results The nine included studies were generally very low quality. The results could not be pooled due to heterogeneity. For children with Asperger’s syndrome, the Cognitive Orientation to Daily Occupational Performance intervention had clinically significant improvements on occupational performance and social skills. For children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, the Ultimate Guide to Play, Language and Friendship intervention improved playfulness and the Cognitive–Functional intervention had a statistically significant improvement on occupational performance and behaviour. Conclusion One intervention used by occupational therapists with children with Asperger’s syndrome and two interventions used with children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder had some evidence of effect. No evidence was identified for the effectiveness of occupational therapy interventions for children and adolescents with other common mental health conditions.

Functional Continuum Questionnaire

Biofeedback ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 46-53
Author(s):  
Jill Broderick
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Assessment Tool ◽  
Occupational Performance ◽  
Human Occupation ◽  
Self Assessment ◽  
Model Of Human Occupation ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
Post Assessment

Thirty years ago, the Functional Continuum Questionnaire (FCQ) was developed to measure functional outcomes using biofeedback in an occupational therapy context. Initially, the assessment was designed to identify dysfunction in various areas that influence occupational behavior (daily tasks) and performance, to identify goals for therapy. Over time, the FCQ was reformatted to produce a score that correlates as a discreet point on a continuum of function/dysfunction (functional continuum). This score may be used as a pre- and post-assessment to evaluate patients' perception of change in function as an outcome of biofeedback and occupational therapy. The FCQ is presented in this article along with the functional continuum. A brief discussion about the theoretical framework—the model of human occupation—is provided. The statements used in the FCQ describe components of occupational behavior from the model, providing a comprehensive set of factors influencing occupational performance. The FCQ was also designed to provide a perspective regarding the unique focus of occupational therapy interventions, which can be communicated through the use of this tool. The FCQ has been used in my private practice over the past 30 years. It is an easy-to-use self-assessment tool that provides measurable data to identify patients' specific challenges in occupational performance as well as their overall perception of their function.

scholarly journals Occupational Therapy Interventions in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis or Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Scoping Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 1432
Author(s):  
Luis De-Bernardi-Ojuel ◽  
Laura Torres-Collado ◽  
Manuela García-de-la-Hera
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis ◽  
Occupational Therapy ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Falls Prevention ◽  
Targeted Interventions ◽  
Therapy Interventions ◽  
Occupational Therapy Interventions ◽  
Lateral Sclerosis

This scoping review aims to describe occupational therapy interventions carried out with multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) patients in occupational therapy. A peer review of the literature was conducted in different databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science and Embase, and in some occupational therapy journals. A search of the literature published was carried out before December 2019. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1) articles evaluating the intervention of occupational therapy in MS or ALS including experimental, randomized, nonrandomized and exploratory studies; (2) written in English or Spanish; (3) adult population (over 18 years old). The initial search identified 836 articles of which we included 32 divided into four areas of intervention: fatigue-targeted interventions, cognitive interventions, physical interventions and others. Only 16 studies were carried out exclusively by occupational therapists. Most occupational therapy interventions are aimed at fatigue and physical rehabilitation. The majority of the studies in our review included MS patients, with little representation from the ALS population. These interventions have shown an improvement in perceived fatigue, manual dexterity, falls prevention and improvement in cognitive aspects such as memory, communication, depression and quality of life in the MS and ALS populations.

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